Do Cs Sy Sp Sa In
Transcript of Do Cs Sy Sp Sa In
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CPIScale
AdjectivalDescriptionsSuggestedbyLowScores(≤10thPercentile)
AdjectivalDescriptionsSuggestedbyHighScores(≥90thPercentile)
JobRelevantCorrelates(Appearingin2+studies)
Do
Reticent,self---doubting,unassertive,unambitious,sociallyawkward,easilyembarrassed,self---defeating,andworrying.
Self---confident,assertive,talkative,task---oriented,outgoing,andpersuasive.---Veryhigh:maybeseenasdomineeringandoverlycontrolling
Cs
Feelingsofinadequacy,difficultycopingwithcomplexsocialsituations,poorverbalskills,andatendencytogiveupinthefaceofsetbacksoradversity.
Poised,self---confident,verballyfluent,andwitty.
Sy Shy,reticent,ruminative,andillateaseinmostsocialsituations.
Ambitiousandfreeofself---doubt,andself---defeatingtendencies.
Sp Inhibited,illateaseinmanysocialsituations,worrying,self---defeating,unassertive,withdrawn
Talkative,clever,spontaneous,self---assured,andindependent.
Sa
Hesitanttotakefirmordecisiveactions,reluctanttogetintosituationsinvolvingdirectcompetitionwithothers.Theydoubttheirownability,seektostayinthebackground,andhavedifficultyinexpressingtheirideas.
Thinkwellofthemselvesandtendtobeliked by others. Talkative, take theinitiative in meeting and conversingwithothers,noteasilyembarrassed---Very high Sa scorers may displaynarcissistic attributes, and tend to beopportunistic, exploitative, anddemanding.
In
Acquiesceinresponsetomajorityviews,staysilent,andtosubmit.Theyfeelinferiorandinadequateinmanysettings,worry,andarecautiousaboutdoinganythingthatwillpromptscrutinyfromothers.
Self---confident,assertive,perseveranceinpursuitofgoals;hasboththestrengthandinclinationtostandapartfromothersinevaluatingsituations.---VeryhighInscorersmayexhibittoomuchindifferencetotheopinionsofothers,andanunwillingnesstocompromiseoryield.
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CPIScale
AdjectivalDescriptionsSuggestedbyLowScores(≤10thPercentile)
AdjectivalDescriptionsSuggestedbyHighScores(≥90thPercentile)
JobRelevantCorrelates
Em Unsureofself,,self---defeating,andpoorindealingwithuncertainty,change,andcomplexity.
Versatility,socialinsight,urbanity,wit,verbalfluency,andinitiative.
Re Impulsive,rebellious,reckless,careless,temperamental,cynical,dissatisfied,andsuspicious.
Responsible,reliable,dependable,conscientious,organized,persevering,logical,andmethodical.
• Beingdisciplinedasanofficer(Sarchioneet.al.,1998)
• Beingdisciplinedasanofficer(Cuttler&Muchinsky,2006)
So
Rashandself---serving,pooratestablishingrelationships.Theyalsohaveproblemswithimpulsecontrol,andarepronetosubstanceabuse,crime,andviolence.
Easy,ego---syntoniccompliancewithsocietalrulesandconventions.---Very highSoscorerscanbeharshandpunitivejudgesofdeviationorweaknessinothers.
• Negativejoboutcomes(Hargrave&Hiatt,1989)• Beingdisciplinedasanofficer(Sarchioneet.al.,
1998)• Beingdisciplinedasanofficer(Cuttler&
Muchinsky,2006)• InvoluntaryDeparture(Roberts,etal.,2014)• RelationswithCo-workersProblems(Roberts,et
al.,2017)• Dishonesty/LackofIntegrity(Roberts,etal.,
2017)Sc Disposedtowardheadstrong,
undercontrolledbehaviorthatcanleadtoseriousconflictwithothers.
Seektoplease,andwanttobeacceptedasadmirable,upstandingpeople.---Very highScscorersmayexhibitjudgmentalattitudestowardotherswhoaremorecandidandopen.
• Negativejoboutcomes(Hargrave&Hiatt,1989)
• Beingdisciplinedasanofficer(Sarchioneet.al.,1998)
• Beingdisciplinedasanofficer(Cuttler&Muchinsky,2006)
• InternalAffairsComplaintsSustained(Roberts,etal.,2014)
• AlcoholAbuse(Roberts,etal.,2017)
Gi Quicktocomplain,criticize,andvoiceskepticismabouttheallegedpurposesandqualitiesoftheirmoreconventionalpeers.
ImplicationsofGiforfakinggoodbeginatTscoresbasedonCommunityNormsof=>80(=IncumbentT=>62)
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CPIScale
AdjectivalDescriptionsSuggestedbyLowScores(≤10thPercentile)
AdjectivalDescriptionsSuggestedbyHighScores(≥90thPercentile)
JobRelevantCorrelates
Cm
Lowscores(below25rawscore)suggestrandomorerraticrespondingandpossibleinvalidityoftheprotocol,butalsoofself---doubt,andgeneralinstability.Note:IncumbentT=<32mayalsoindicateareckless,carelessdispositiontowardtasks/work
Espousesconsensualgoalsandvalues,andgetsalongwellwithothers.---Very highCmscorersmaybeveryconventionalandundulyconforming.
Wb Worrying,besetbyproblems,andunsureabouthowtodealwiththem.
Havegeneralfeelingsofwell---beingandcompetence.
To Intolerant,doubtfulaboutothers,andmayalsohaveinternalconflictsandbroaddissatisfactions.
Tolerantandwillingtoacceptothersandtoacceptdifferencesfromone’sownviews.
Ac
Giveupeasily,tendtobeunsureoftheirownability,self---defeating,andtendtovaluepersonalpleasureandshort---termgains.
Sufficientlyself---disciplinedandorganizedtopersevereinpursuitoftheirgoals.
Ai Havedoubtsabouttheirownability,areuncomfortablewithill---definedorambiguoussituations,andhavenarrowinterests.
Aspiretodowellandarecapableofself---direction.
Ie
Lackofskillsfordealingwiththedemandsoflifeandwork,dealpoorlywithstressandtrauma,havefeelingsofvictimization,andareoftenself---defeating.
Efficientuseofintellectualability.
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CPIScale
AdjectivalDescriptionsSuggestedbyLowScores(≤10thPercentile)
AdjectivalDescriptionsSuggestedbyHighScores(≥90thPercentile)
JobRelevantCorrelates
Py
Avoidsintellectualcomplexity,holdsconventionalviews,illateaseinsocialsituations,feelsput---uponbythevicissitudesoflife,andhasdifficultyusingwhatevertalentstheymightpossess.
Possessverbalfluency,intelligence,andcreativepotential.
Fx Exhibitsseriousnessofpurpose,conscientiousness,practicality,andfirmmoralbeliefsandprinciples.
Zest,imaginative,spontaneous,abletoadapttochangeandtheunexpected
So1 Optimism,self-confidence,positiveaffect
So2 Self-discipline,cathexisofsocialnorms
So3 Goodmemoriesofhomeandparents
• InternalAffairsComplaintsSustained(Roberts,etal.,2014)
• OverallHonestyandIntegrityProblems(Roberts,etal.,2014)
• VerbalCommunicationProblems(Roberts,etal.,2017)
• ProblemSolvingandDecisionMaking(Roberts,etal.,2017)
• Dishonesty/LackofIntegrity(Roberts,etal.,2017)
So4 Interpersonalawarenessandsituationalsensitivity
• CivilianComplaints(Roberts,etal.,2014)• PersonalRelationshipProblems(Roberts,etal.,
2017)
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CPIScale
AdjectivalDescriptionsSuggestedbyLowScores(≤10thPercentile)
AdjectivalDescriptionsSuggestedbyHighScores(≥90thPercentile)
JobRelevantCorrelates
Mp
Lowscorersarefoundamongstudentsinartinstitutes,prisoninmates,andemployeeswhodonotadvancetomiddlemanagementafteraseven---yearperiod.
Highscorersarefoundamongentrepreneurialinnovators,bankingandbusinessexecutives,salesmanagers,andemployeeswhodidadvancetomiddlemanagementafteraseven---yearperiod.
Wo
Careless,changeable,distractible,reckless,andtemperamental.Lowscorersarefoundamongjuveniledelinquentsandpsychiatricinpatients.
Conscientious, dependable, moderate,organized, and reasonable. Highscorers are foundamong teachers forstudents of education, optometrystudents,andpoliceofficers.
Lp
Awkward,dissatisfied,immature,quitting,andtimid.Lowscorersarefoundamonghighschooldisciplinaryproblems,psychiatricpatients,andstudentsofart.
Alert,ambitious,energetic,poised,andresourceful.HighscorersarefoundamongMBAcandidates,salesmanagers,andmilitaryofficers.
Ami
Argumentative,headstrong,intolerant,self---centered,andsuspicious.Lowscorersarefoundamongjuveniledelinquentsandprisoninmates.
Appreciative,fair---minded,modest,reasonable,andtactful.Highscorersarefoundamongcounselors,priests,andhomeeconomicsmajors.
Leo
Absent---minded,artistic,lazy,pessimistic,andworrying.Lowscorersarefoundamongpsychologygraduatestudents,socialworkgraduatestudents,andmathematicians.
Confident,conventional,healthy,organized,andpractical.Highscorersarefoundamonglawenforcementofficers,paroleofficers,andprobationofficers.
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CPIScale
AdjectivalDescriptionsSuggestedbyLowScores(≤10thPercentile)
AdjectivalDescriptionsSuggestedbyHighScores(≥90thPercentile)
JobRelevantCorrelates
Itg Bitter,boastful,reckless,complaining,prejudice,rebellious,superstitious,suspicious.
Fair---minded,clear---thinking,conscientious,foresighted,honest,mature,moderate,practical.
• OverallNegativeOutcome(Roberts,etal.,2014)• InvoluntaryDeparture(Roberts,etal.,2014)• InternalAffairsComplaintsSustained(Roberts,
etal.,2014)• CivilianComplaints(Roberts,etal.,2014)• NegativeRatingonEmployeeSurvey(Roberts,
etal.,2014)• RudeBehavior(Roberts,etal.,2014)• ControlofConflictProblems(Roberts,etal.,
2017)• ReliabilityProblems(Roberts,etal.,2017)• RelationswithCo-workersProblems(Roberts,
etal.,2017)• RelationswithCitizensProblems(Roberts,et
al.,2017)Anx NOTE:Developedtodifferentiatea
criteriongroupofundergraduatesseekingpsychologicalcounselingforsocialandemotionalproblemsfromacontrolgroupofstudentsnotseekingcounseling.
Nar
Moderate,modest,gentle,andquiet.Lowscorersarefoundamongcollegecounselors,teachers,andpriests.
Argumentative,egotistical,opinionated,andself---centered.HighscorersarefoundamongMBAcandidates,studentsofart,andjuveniledelinquents.
Hos
Hold negative views of others, havehostilefeelingsaboutthem,arecynicalabout others and attribute negativemotivesthem,andtrytoavoidothersandelserespondaggressively
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CPIScale
AdjectivalDescriptionsSuggestedbyLowScores(≤10thPercentile)
AdjectivalDescriptionsSuggestedbyHighScores(≥90thPercentile)
JobRelevantCorrelates
Prob.Invol.Dep.
Moderate,modest,obliging,peaceable,reliable,cooperative,dependable,reasonable,responsible,tactful,unassuming.
Arrogant,bitter,boastful,cynical,dissatisfied,headstrong,impulsive,rebellious,reckless,restless,rude,temperamental.
• InternalAffairsComplaintsSustained(Roberts,etal.,2014)
• InvoluntaryDeparture(Roberts,etal.,2014)• VerbalCommunicationProblems(Roberts,et
al.,2017)• ProblemSolvingandDecisionMaking
(Roberts,etal.,2017)• ControlofConflictProblems(Roberts,etal.,
2017)• RelationswithCo-workersProblems(Roberts,
etal.,2017)• RelationswithCitizensProblems(Roberts,et
al.,2017)• PersonalRelationshipProblems(Roberts,et
al.,2017)
Prob.Neg.Psy.
Conscientious,conservative,conventional,dependable,efficient,industrious,moderate,organized,reliable,responsible,stable,thorough.
Careless,cynical,disorderly,dissatisfied,impulsive,moody,rebellious,reckless,restless,temperamental,sarcastic.
• InternalAffairsComplaintsSustained(Roberts,etal.,2014)
• InvoluntaryDeparture(Roberts,etal.,2014)
• NegativeEmployeeSurveyRating(Roberts,etal.,2014)
• VerbalCommunicationProblems(Roberts,etal.,2017)
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CPIScale
AdjectivalDescriptionsSuggestedbyLowScores(≤10thPercentile)
AdjectivalDescriptionsSuggestedbyHighScores(≥90thPercentile)
JobRelevantCorrelates
Prob.Alc.Abuse
CriterionPsyQitems:
Prob.Ang.
CriterionPsyQitems:
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CPIScale
AdjectivalDescriptionsSuggestedbyLowScores(≤10thPercentile)
AdjectivalDescriptionsSuggestedbyHighScores(≥90thPercentile)
JobRelevantCorrelates
Prob.Alc.Abuse
CriterionPsyQitems:
Prob.Ang.
CriterionPsyQitems:
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CPIScale
AdjectivalDescriptionsSuggestedbyLowScores(≤10thPercentile)
AdjectivalDescriptionsSuggestedbyHighScores(≥90thPercentile)
JobRelevantCorrelates
Prob.Sub.Use
CriterionPsyQitems:
Prob.Drugs
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CPIScale
AdjectivalDescriptionsSuggestedbyLowScores(≤10thPercentile)
AdjectivalDescriptionsSuggestedbyHighScores(≥90thPercentile)
JobRelevantCorrelates
Prob.JobPrbs.
CriterionPsyQitems:
Prob.Integ
CriterionPsyQitems:
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The CPI Selection Report and the California Commission on POST
PatrolOfficerPsychologicalScreeningDimensionsPOSTDimension CPIScale(s)SocialCompetence • Sociability(Sy)
• SocialPresence(Sp)• Empathy(Em)• GoodImpression(Gi)
Teamwork • AchievementviaConformance(Ac)• Tolerance(To)
Assertiveness/Persuasiveness • Dominance(Do)• CapacityforStatus(Cs)• Self-Acceptance(Sa)• Independence(In)• AlphaType
Decision-Making/Judgment • IntellectualEfficiency(Ie)Adaptability/Flexibility • Flexibility(Fx)EmotionalSelf-Regulation/StressTolerance • Self-Control(Sc)
• WellBeing(Wb)AvoidingSubstanceAbuse&Risk-TakingBehavior • Integrity(Itg)(lyingaboutrecentillegaldruguse)ImpulseControl/AttentiontoSafety • GammaType
• Responsibility(Re)Conscientiousness/Dependability • Socialization(So)
• Reliability(Re)Integrity/Ethics • Socialization(So)
• IntegrityRiskStatement
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IndeterminableProfiles(FakeGoodGi≥80CommunityT):SuggestedLanguage
“TheapplicanthasrespondedtotheCPIinsuchadefensiveandminimizingfashionthathis/hertestprofilecannotbeusedtoruleoutthepresenceofcounterproductivetraitsandcharacteristics.”
InterpretingComparisonGroup(Percentile)andJobOutcomeFindingsSuggestedInterpretiveGuidelines:
• CustomizethestatementsyoumakeinthenarrativereporttobeconsistentwiththeCPItestresultssothatwhatyoureportreflectsthedegreeofcorroboratingevidencefromothertestmeasures,theface-to-faceinterview,andtheapplicant’shistoryderivedfromthePsyQ,backgroundandpolygraph.
• Iftest-basedconcernsarecorroboratedbybehavioralhistoryand/ornegativeinterviewimpressions:
o IncludecomparisongroupCPIfindingswhenascaleorpredictionequationisanoutlier(≤10thpercentile(or≥90thpercentilewhere
applicable.o IncludejoboutcomeCPIfindingswhenascaleorpredictionequationisanoutlierandjobrelevantfindingsarepresent.
• Ifthereisnocorroborationofthetestdataormitigatinginformationispresent,considerdeemphasizingtheconcernsbasedon
testing.SuggestedInterpretiveStatements:
ScaleorPredictionEquation≤10thPercentile(or≥90thPercentileWhereApplicable)
ExampleusingalowIncumbentRescore:Theapplicant’sCPItestprofileindicatesthatheismorelikelytobedescribedbyothersasimpulsive,rebellious,reckless,andcarelessthan90%ofsuccessfulpoliceofficerapplicants.
ScaleorPredictionEquation≤10thPercentile(or≥90thPercentileWhereApplicable)ANDJobRelevantFindingsArePresent:
ExampleusingalowIncumbentSoscore:Theapplicant’sCPItestprofileindicatesthatheismorelikelytobedescribedbyothersasrash,self-serving,ashavingproblemswithimpulsecontrol,andbeingpooratestablishingrelationshipsthan90%ofsuccessfulpoliceofficerapplicants.JoboutcomestudiessuggestthatapplicantswithsimilarCPIprofilesaremorelikelytohaveproblemsrelatingtoco-workers,toexhibitproblemswithdishonestyandlackofintegrity,tobedisciplined,andtobeterminatedfromlawenforcementworkthantheaveragepoliceofficerwhoishired.
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ReferencesAdams, S. H., & John, O. P. (1997). A Hostility scale for the California Psychological Inventory: MMPI, Observer Q-Sort, and Big-Five correlates. Journal of
Personality Assessment, 69(2), 408-424. Cuttler, M., J., & Muchinsky, P. M. (2006). Prediction of law enforcement training performance and dysfunctional job performance with general mental
ability, personality, and life history variables. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 33(1), 3-25. Gough, H. & Bradley. P. (1996). CPI Manual. CPP, Inc; Palo Alto, CA. Hargrave, G. E., & Hiatt, D. (1989). Use of the California Psychological Inventory in law enforcement officer selection. Journal of Personality Assessment,
53, 267-277. Leventhal, A. M. (1966). An Anxiety scale for the CPI. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 22, 459-461. Roberts,R.,(2014).Are-analysisofFischler’s2005joboutcomestudy(publishedasSellbom,etal.,2008).PresentedatJR&A.Roberts,R.,Terascavage,A.,Ben-Porath,Y.,&Roberts,M.(2017).Predicting Post-Probationary Job Performance of Police Officers Using CPI and MMPI-
2 RF Test Data Obtained During Preemployment Psychological Screening. Submitted for publication.Sarchione, C. D., Cuttler, M. J., Muchinsky, P. M., & Nelson-Gray, R. O. (1998). Prediction of dysfunctional job behaviors among law enforcement officers.
Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(6), 904-912.
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COMPARINGDISTRIBUTIONSONMEASURESOFPROBLEMSOLVINGABILITY
SDs(Z---score) ---1SD Mean +1SD +2SDPercentile 16% 50% 85thpercentile 98%WAIS---IQ 85 100 115 130
Wonderlic(PublisherNorms) 14 21 28 35
Wonderlic(PoliceNorms) 21 26 31 36
SAT–1600max 797 1010 1223 1436SAT–2400max 1175 1490 1805 2120
ACT1 16.1 21 26 31CAPOSTTestT---Score 30 40 50 60
The distribution of Wonderlic scores in police and public safety samples is not normally distributed because most police and public safety agencies use cognitive ability screening tests (written civil service exams) and other screening measures to eliminate less qualified applicants before the psychologist administers the Wonderlic as part of their pre-offer or post-offer test battery.
The distribution of police applicant Wonderlic scores is:
---2SD ---1SD Mean +1SD +2SD16 21 26 31 36
Using the POST Dimension Problem Solving/Learning on the PRF: =<16: High Risk; 17-20 Moderate Risk. Either of these risk ratings raise concerns and may lower the overall rating, but must not be used to justify a bottom-line negative recommendation.