DNB QUESTION PAPER-Topic Wise(Author Dr.sirisha)

7/28/2019 DNB QUESTION PAPER-Topic Wise(Author Dr.sirisha)

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DNB QUESTION PAPER_TOPIC WISE

SECTION I-II

1) {1-10} Introduction

I NFORMED CONSENT

1. Informed consent (Dec 2000) (June 2010).

2. Describe consent in anaesthesia practice including ethical and legal aspects

(Dec 2010)

3. What are the ingredients of professional negligence? Write a note on in-

formed consent. (Dec 2012)

1. Vicarious liability for negligence (June 1994).

2. Utility of anaesthetic records (Dec 1994).

3. Effect of anaesthesia and surgery on immunological mechanism (June 1995).

4. Safe anaesthetic procedure (Dec 1999). [Pg 87-ISACON 2008]

5. Simulator in anaesthesia education (June 1997). [Pg 49-ISACON 2009]

-Simulators in anaesthesia training (June 2010).

6. Computer based patient record for anaesthesia (Dec 1997).

7. Stress management in anaesthesia practice (Dec 2003).

-Stress and anesthesiologists (June 2003) (June 2005).

8. Ethics in anaesthesia (June 2004).

-Write briefly on research ethics (Dec 2008).

9. Stress response to trauma and surgery (June 2006).

10. Evidence Based Medical education (June 2008).

-Discuss the role of EBM in anaesthesia practice. Quote few examples (June

2009).


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11. Communication skill and anesthesiologist (June 2010).

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11) Sleep, Memory and Consciousness1. Write down the physiology of sleep. How does it differ from anaesthesia?

What phases occur during various stages of anaesthesia? (June 1999).

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12) ANS

1. Clinical tests for evaluation of autonomic nervous system (June 2008). [Pg

295-Miller 7th Ed]

2. A 50 year old male and known diabetic is scheduled for upper abdominal

surgery. How will you evaluate the ANS? (Dec 2009).

3. How is autonomic neuropathy evaluated preoperatively? What is its signifi-

cance in anaesthesia? (June 2012).

4. What is significance of autonomic neuropathy in diabetes mellitus? How can

it be assessed? (Dec 2012)

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13) CNS Physiology

1. Regulation of CBF (Dec 2001).

-Discuss the regulation of CBF (June 2008).

2. Regulation of ICP (June 2001)

3. ICP (Dec 2003).

4. How is CBF regulated? What is the effect of various anaesthetic drugs on

CBF? (June 2009).

-Enumerate the factors regulating CBF and the effect of various anaesthetic

drugs on CBF (June 2010) [Pg25-RACE 2008]


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5. What is cerebral autoregulation? Discuss the implications of various inhala-

tional anaesthetic agents on cerebral auroregulation (June 2011). [Pg 615, 6,619-

Morgan 4rth Ed]

-------------------------------------------------------------------------14) Neuromuscular Physiology and Pharmacology

1. Neuromuscular transmission (Dec 1999). [Pg 93-RACE 2012]

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15) Respiratory Physiology.

ODC

1. Oxygen dissociation curve (Dec 1996).

2. Oxygen cascade, oxygen transport and Oxygen Dissociation Curve (June

2005).

3. Describe the oxygen hemoglobin dissociation curve. How does it differ from

the carbon dioxide dissociation curve? (Dec 2011).

4. Describe the OHDC.How does it differ from the Carbon dioxide DissociationCurve? What is Haldane effect? (June 2013)

FRC

1. FRC (Dec 1998).

2. Define FRC.What is its significance in anaesthesia? (Dec 2008).

3. Define FRC and closing volume. Describe their clinical significance (Jun

2011).

4. Draw and label a diagram showing various lung volumes and capacities. Dis-

cuss the importance of FRC in anaesthesia practice (June 2013)

ANATOMY OF LARYNX

1. Tracheo-bronchial tree with diagram (June 1999). [Pg 2 Ajay yadav]


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2. Discuss the anatomy of diaphragm with a diagram. How does it behave under

different stages of anaesthesia (June 1999). [Pg 49-RACE 2003, Pg 553-

Morgan]

3. Anatomy of larynx. Enumerate with diagrams the types of vocal cord palsies

(June 2005).

4. Describe the anatomy of larynx and its innervations. What are the differences

between neonatal and adult larynx? (June 2012).

5. Describe the innervations of larynx and the palsies following nerve injury

with the help of diagram(s) (Dec 2012)

1. Closing volume of the lung and its measurement (June 1997).

2. Lung compliance (June 2006).

3. Discuss the distribution of ventilation and perfusion in a normal lung with

the help of a labeled diagram. What are the factors affecting ventilation perfu-

sion ratio? (June 2009).

4. HPV (June 2005) (June 2009). [Pg 1054-Barasch 6th deep 29-RACE 2009]

5. Describe the metabolic functions of the lung (Dec 2009).

6. What are the major causes of hypoxemia? What is HPV? How can GA worsen

v/q mismatch (Dec 2010).

7. Define Fink effect, Diffusion hypoxia and second gas effect. How are they of

importance to the anesthetist? (Dec 2011).

8. Define and classify dead space ventilation. Define minute ventilation. Under

what conditions is minute ventilation increased? (June 2012).

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16) Cardiac Physiology

1. Coronary circulation (June 1996) [Pg 752-Stoelting physio pharma]

2. Describe the arterial circulation of the heart with the aid of a diagram men-

tioning the unique features of coronary blood flow. Explain the Goldmans car-


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diac risk index and its importance to the anesthetist (June 2000). [Pg 21-RACE

2001, Pg 137-RACE 2003]

3. Factors affecting coronary circulation (June 2002).

4. Describe coronary circulation. Discuss factors affecting oxygen demand andsupply to the myocardium (Dec 2010).

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17) Hepatic Physiology-Pathology

1. Plasma proteins and anaesthesia (Dec 1999).

2. Discuss synthetic functions of the liver. What is the role of albumin in phar-

macokinetics? (June 2011).

3. What are the functions of Liver? Describe the anaestehtic implications of as-

cites and its management (June 2013)

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18) Renal Physiology

1. Regulation of kidney in acid base balance (Dec 1995).

2. Discuss the countercurrent mechanism in the kidney. Discuss the renal pro-

tection strategies during preoperative period (Dec 2003).

3. Role of kidney in acid base balance (Dec 2004) (June 2006).

4. Define base excess. How do kidneys compensate for acid base balance?

(June 2011). [Pg 712 Morgan 4th Ed]

5. Describe the countercurrent mechanism in the kidney. Discuss the renal pro-

tection strategies during perioperative period (June 2012).

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SECTION III

19) Basic Principles of Pharmacology.

1. Continous infusion of drugs in anaesthesia (June 1994)

2. Interactions of pre-existing drug therapy with anaesthetic agents and tech-

niques (June 1996).

-Drug interactions (June 2006). [Pg 7-RACE 2002, Pg 601-ISACON 2009]

3. Enzyme induction-describe the mechanism with routine anaesthesia exam-

ples (Dec 1996).

-Enzyme induction-its role in anaesthesia with examples (Dec 2004).

4. Transdermal administration of drugs (June 2008).

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20) Inhaled Anesthetics-MOA

1. Minimum alveolar concentration (Dec 1996)

2. Sevoflurane (June 1997). [Pg 173-Morgan]

3. Sevoflurane Vs Desflurane (June 2000). [Pg 172-173-Morgan]

4. Isoflurane Vs.Sevoflurane (Dec 2003).

5. Nitrous oxide: current status (June 2008). [CEACCP 2005 vol 5 no.5, IJA

2007, Pg 433-ISACON 2009]

6. Compare and contrast Sevoflurane and isoflurane (Dec 2008)

7. Define minimum alveolar concentration. What are the factors affecting MAC?

What is its significance in anaesthesia? (June 2009). [Pg 163-Morgan]

8. What is minimum alveolar concentration? Discuss the factors which effect

the alveolar concentration of an inhalational agent (Dec 2010).

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21) Inhaled Anesthetics-Uptake and Distribution

1. Concentration effect and second gas effect produced during uptake of inha-

lational agent (Dec 2007). [Pg 543-Miller]

2. Nitrous oxide-current status in anaesthesia practice (June 2011)

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22) Pulmonary Pharmacology

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23) CVS Pharmacology

1. CCBs in surgical patients (June 1994).

2. Compare and contrast dopamine and dobutamine as an inotropic agent (Dec

2006).

3. Classify inotropes on the basis of their mechanism of actions. Compare do-

pamine and dobutamine (June 2009).

4. Classify antihypertensive drugs. Describe the management of hypertensive

emergency (Dec 2009). [Pg 448-451-Morgan, Pg 301-ISACON 2009]-Classify antihypertensive drugs. Describe the management of a hypertensive

episode during anaesthesia (Dec 2010).

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24) Inhaled Anesthetics-Metabolism and Distribution

1. Nephrotoxicity of halogenated anesthetics (Dec1994) (June 1996). [Pg 69-

Stoelting physio-pharma]

2. Merits and demerits of halothane and isoflurane (Dec 1995).

3. Hepatotoxicity of halothane (Dec 1997). [Pg 66-Stoelting]

4. Nephrotoxicity of fluorinated anesthetics (Dec 2007). [Pg 650-Miller]


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25) Inhaled Anesthetics-Delivery systems

CIRCUITS

1. Coaxial circuits (Dec 1998) (June 2002) [Pg 27 -RACE 2010]

2. Paediatric circuits (Dec 2000). [Pg 543-OAR]

3. Maplesons breathing system (June 2001)

4. Draw schematic diagrams of various types of Maplesonsbreathing circuits.

Give the functional analysis, advantages and disadvantages of Bain circuit (June

2010)

5. Describe the functional analysis of Bains circuit. How will you check the

functional integrity of Bains circuit (June 2011).

VAPORIZERS

1. Types of plenum vaporizers (Dec 1995).

2. Charecteristics of ideal vaporizer (June 2004).

3. Classify vaporizers. Briefly mention the effects of altered barometric pres-

sure on the performance of the vaporizers (June 2008). [Pg 15-RACE 2006]

4. Classify vaporizers. Discuss the effect of altered barometric pressure on the

performance of vaporizers? (Dec 2010). [Pg 179-ISACON 2009]

5. What are the two major effects of pressure fluctuation in the anaesthesia

machine on vaporizer output? Describe the improvisations in designing to

overcome this problem (June 2011) [Pg 128-Dorsch & Dorsch]

SAFETY FEATURES IN MODERN DAY ANAESTHESIA MACHINE

1. Safety features in a modern day anaesthesia machine (June 2009) (June

2010). [Pg no 47-Morgan 4th Ed]

2. Describe briefly the safety features in modern anaesthesia machines. Discuss

various features that prevent the delivery of hypoxic gas mixtures (Dec 2011)


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3. Enumerate the safety features in a modern anaesthesia machine. Describe the

hypoxia prevention safety devices (June 2012).

4. Enumerate the safety features in modern anaesthesia machines. Describe the

features to prevent delivery of hypoxic gas mixture (June 2013)

PRE-ANAESTHETIC M ACHINE CHECK

1. Check out procedure to be followed routinely before using an anaesthesia

machine and other monitoring equipment (June 2000). [Pg 88-Morgan]

2. Describe the pre anaesthetic check list for anaesthesia machine and equip-

ment (Dec 2009).

3. Describe the anaesthesia machine check protocol prior to induction of anaes-

thesia (Dec 2010).

1. Evolution of rotameter (June 1999).

2. What is low flow anaesthesia? Discuss its advantages and disadvantages (Dec

2006) (June 2011).

3. Functional analysis of pressure reducing valve (June2007) [Pg 95-Wards]

4. Link 25 proportioning system (Dec 2007). [Pg 109-110-D &D]

5. Role of humidification in anaesthesia practice (Dec 2008).

6. What are the different types of carbon dioxide absorbents? Describe their

composition. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each (June 2012).

7. What is relative and absolute humidity? What are active and passive humidi-

fiers? What are their advantages and disadvantages? (Dec 2012)

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26) IV Anesthetics.

ADRENERGIC DRUGS

GENERAL

1. Adrenergic receptor antagonist and their uses (Dec 1994)


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2. Name the adrenergic agonists and antagonists. Describe in detail their uses

in anaesthesia practice (June 2005).

3. Adrenergic agonists (June 2006).

BETA BLOCKERS

1. Beta receptor blockade:-its relation in anaesthesia (June 1996). [Pg 32-OAR]

2. Perioperative beta blocker therapy (Dec 2007). [Pg 597-ISACON 2009]

3. Manifestation and treatment of beta adrenergic toxicity (June 1997). [Pg 330-

SPP]

4. Effect of atenolol pretreatment on CVS, NMJ and IOP (June 2003).

ALPHA-2 AGONISTS

1. Clinical use of alpha 2 agonists in anaesthesia (Dec 2004).

->CLONIDINE

1. Clonidine in anaesthesia practice (June2007).

2. Clonidine in anaesthesia and ICU (June 2008).

3. Discuss PK and PD of clonidine and its role in clinical practice (June 2011).

->DEXMEDETOMIDINE

1. Dexmedetomidine: Clinical applications and complications (June 2008).

2. Dexmedetomidine (June 2010).

3. Discuss pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dexmedetomidine.What

is its role in clinical practice (June 2012). [Pg 96-RACE 2011, IJA 2011]

CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS

1. Calcium channel blockers drugs and anaesthesia (Dec 1995)

2. Calcium channel blockers and anaesthesia (Dec 1998). {CJA]


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PROPOFOL

1. Propofol (June 1996) [Pg 154-Stoelting PP]

2. Compare Protocol with Midazolam (June 1999).

3. Propofol as compared to Thiopentone (Dec 1999).

4. Disscuss the MOA, PD and PK of protocol (Dec 2011)

1. Impact of cancer therapy on anaesthetic management (Dec 1994)

2. Midazolam (1996-2000).

3. Untoward effects of intravenous sodium bicarbonate (Dec 1997).

4. Role of corticosteroids in the practice of anesthesiology (June 2000).

5. Adenosine and its clinical uses (June 2002).

6. Mannitol in surgery/surgical uses of mannitol(June 2004).

7. PK of IV Thiopentone (June 2004).

8. Mention the commonly used immunosuppressive drugs and their interaction

with anaesthetic agents (June 2007). [Pg 1257-Satish deshpande]

9. Describe the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of etomi-

date.Describe briefly its role in clinical practice (Dec 2010).

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27) Opoids.

1. What are the various routes of administration of morphine? Discuss the

pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of epidural morphine (June 1996).[Pg 90-Stoelting physio-pharma]

2. Remifentanyl (June 1998).

-Remifentanyl in clinical practice (June 2001)

3. Narcotic antagonists (June 1998). [Pg 120-Stoelting physio-pharma]

4. Spinal opiate receptors (Dec 1999).


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5. Pharmacology of fentanyl congenial (Dec 2000)

6. What are the various routes of administration of opoids? Discuss the merits

and demerits of each. (Dec 2001).

8. Transdermal opoids (June 2003).

9. Acute pain relief in ovoid dependant pain (June 2004).

10. Mention the intrathecal and epidural opoids in clinical practice and their

complications (June 2006).

11. Various epidural narcotics for management of postoperative pain (Dec

2006)

12. Epidural opiates in anaesthesia practice (Dec 2007). [Pg 397-Morgan]

13. Classify opoids.Discuss the merits and demerits of epidural fentanyl and

morphine (Dec 2011).

14. What are the various routes of administration of morphine? Discuss the

pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of epidural morphine (June 2012).

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28) IV Drug Delivery Systems.

1. TIVA (Dec 1996) (June 2000) (June 2001) (Dec 2001) (Dec 2003) (June 2006).[Pg 41-RACE 2009]

2.PCA(Dec 1996)(June 1998)(Dec 1998)(June 2003)(Dec 2004)(Dec 2007).[Pg

518,Aitkenhead][Pg 1487-Barasch]

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29) Pharmacology of Muscle Relaxants and Antagonism.1. Interaction of depolarizing with NDMRs (Dec 1995)

2. Hauffmans degradation (Dec 1996).

3. Rocuronium (Dec 1998) (June 2001) (Dec 2001)


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4. Pipecuronium (June 1995) (Dec 1996). [Pg 12-RACE 2006]

5. Elimination of Atracurium from the body (Dec 1999). {pg 231-Stoleting PP]

6. Enumerate the problems with muscle relaxants (Dec 2005).

7. Adverse effects of NMBA (June 2008). [Pg 213-Morgan 4th Ed]

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30) Local Anesthetics

LAST

1. Management of local anaesthetic toxicity (June 2000). [Pg 59 ISACON

2008]

2. Treatment of systemic toxicity of LA drugs (June 2003).

3. Lipid emulsion for the treatment of local anaesthetic toxicity-mechanism and

dosage (June 2008).

4. Role of lipid emulsions in local anaesthetic toxicity (June 2010).

5. Discuss the clinical manifestations of local anaesthetic toxicity and its man-

agement (June 2011).

6. Describe the toxicity of commonly used local anaesthetic agents and its man-

agement (June 2012)

1. Mechanism of action of local anaesthetic agents (June 1997). [Pg 181-

Stoelting pp, Pg 265-Morgan]

2. Complication of local anesthetics (June 1999).

3. Ropivacaine (June 2002).

4. Classify Local anaestehtics.Discuss their mode of action. How will you treat

Lidocaine Toxicity? (June 2013)

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31) Nitric Oxide and Inhaled Pulmonary Vasodilators

1. Nitric oxide (Dec 1995) (June 2010).

2. Role of nitric oxide in ICU (Dec 1999).

3. Nitric oxide in clinical practice (June 2000).

4. Nitric oxide for management of pulmonary hypertension (Dec 1998).

5. Nitric oxide-current status (Dec 2008).

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32) Complementary and Alternative Therapy

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SECTION IV-ANAESTHESIA MANAGEMENT

33) Risk of Anaesthesia (Anesthetic complications)VAE

1. Air Embolism during anaesthesia. (June 1996).

2. Pathophysiology of VAE.Mention the methods of detection, prevention and

treatment (1996-2000).

3. Embolisms during anaesthesia (Dec 1998). [Pg 388-Aitkenhead]

4. Air embolism under anaesthesia (June 2002).

5. VAE (Dec 2003).

6. Air embolism: methods of detection and management (Dec 2006).

7. Discuss the pathophysiology.signs and symptoms and management of VAE

(June 2009).


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8. How will you diagnose VAE? Describe its pathophysiology and management

(Dec 2009).

9. Describe the causes and management of VAE (Dec 2010).

10. Enumerate the causes of air embolism in clinical practice. Discuss the clini-cal features and its management (Dec 2011). [Pg 638 Morgan 4th Ed].

11. How do you diagnose and manage a case of VAE during spine surgery? (Dec

2012)

ARRYTHMIAS

1. Prevention and treatment of ventricular arrhythmias during GA (Dec 1995).

2. Cardiac arrhythmias during anaesthesia (Dec1996)

3. Discuss the etiology and management of SVTs during surgical procedures

(June 1998)/Management of multifocal ventricular ectopic during anaesthesia

(June 1998).

4. Discuss the etiology and management of various cardiac arrhythmias occur-

ring during anaesthesia (Dec 2003) (Dec 2004).

5. Desribe the cardiac conduction system. How do you manage a patient with

PSVT? (Dec 2010).

6. Describe the common arrhythmias encountered during pre-operative period.

Discuss the therapeutic uses of Amiodarone (June 2011).

7. Discuss the etiology and management of Supra Ventricular arrhythmias dur-

ing surgery under GA (June 2012)

8. Enumerate the different types of arrhythmias encountered in the intraopera-

tive period. Discuss the causes and management? (June 2013).

BRONCHOSPASM

1. Intraoperative bronchospasm (Dec 1995) [Pg 111-RACE 2008]

2. Management of intraoperative bronchospasm (June 2007) [update in anaes-

thesia]


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3. Bronchospasm during anaesthesia and immediate postop period and its

management (Dec 1999) [Pg 53-ISACON 2009]

4. Intraoperative bronchospasm (Dec 2004).

5. Discuss the differential diagnosis of introperative bronchospasm.How willyou manage it? (Dec 2011).

6. What is the differential diagnosis of intraoperative bronchospasm? How will

you manage it? (June 2012).

7. Describe the differential diagnosis of intra-operative bronchospasm.Write

down its management (Dec 2012).

LARYNGOSPASM

1. Laryngospasm during anaesthesia (Dec 2007). [Yao, Ph 441-ISACON 2009]

2. Enumerate the causes and differential diagnosis of post extubation laryn-

gospasm.How will you manage it (Dec 2011)

ANAPHYLAXIS (ANAPHYLACTOID) REACTIONS

1. Clinical manifestations and management of anaphylactic reactions in anaes-

thesia practice (June 1995).

2. Hypersensitivity reaction in anaesthesia practice (Dec 1995).

3. Discuss the pathophysiology and management of anaphylactoid reactions in

anaesthesia (June 2001) (Dec 2001).

4. Identification of anaphylaxis under GA and its management/Anaphylactoid

reaction during anaesthesia (June 2003) (Dec 2003).

5. Recognition and management of anaphylaxis during general anaesthesia (Dec

2003).

6. Anaphylactic reaction on the operation table (Dec 2005).

7. Management of acute anaphylaxis (June 2008).

8. Clinical manifestations and management of a patient with acute anaphylaxis

(June 2010).


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9. Discuss clinical manifestations and management of acute anaphylaxis (Dec

2011).

10. Enumerate the agents implicated in allergic reactions during anaesthesia.

How would you manage a patient with anaphylaxis during anaesthesia? (Dec

2012).

INFECTIONS

1. Infections related to anaesthesia practice (Dec 2001). [Pg 974-Morgan]

2. Transmission and precaution against HIV in hospital setting (June 1995).

.HIV and anaesthesia (June 2003).

.AIDS (June 2004).

.AIDS and the anaesthesiologist (June 2005).

3. Hepatitis B and anesthesiologist (Dec 2000) (Dec 2004). [IJA 2004]DELAYED RECOVERY

1. Possible causes of delayed recovery from GA (Dec 2004). [Pg 269-ISACON

2009]

2. What are the potential causes of delayed resumption of spontaneous recov-ery after abdominal surgery with general anaesthesia? Discuss the problem, its

diagnosis and management (June 2005). [Pg 112-RACE 2002]

3. Discuss the causes of delayed recovery from anaesthesia and the manage-

ment (June 2006).

4. Discuss the causes of delayed recovery following GA (Dec 2008).

DESATURATION

1. Management of a patient who is not maintaining oxygen saturation after an

elective abdominal surgery (Dec 2005).

2. List the various causes of reduced arterial oxygen tension in the intraopera-

tive period and outline their management (June 2010).


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3. A 30 year old female ASA Grade 1 following exploratory laparotomy is not

maintaining oxygen saturation in the postop period. Discuss its causes and

management (June 2011).

PM I

1. Prevention and treatment of intra-operative MI (June 2000). [pg 298-IJA

2007]

2. Discuss the diagnosis and management of MI in a patient undergoing non-

cardiac surgery (Dec 2008) [Pg 287-302-IJA 2007]

HTN

1. Etiology and treatment of hypertension during surgery (June 1994).

2. Define perioperative hypertension. Describe the causes and management

(Dec 2005).

3. What are the causes of intra-operative hypertension in a previously normo-

tensive patient? Discus various modalities to manage it

4. Causes of intraoperative hypertension and discuss its management (Dec

2006).

HYPERCAPNIA

1. CO2 carriage in blood and effects of hypercapnia (June 1995)

2. What are the causes of hypercarbia during the intraoperative period? Discuss

the effects and management (June 2006).

PULMONARY EDEMA

1. Treatment of acute pulmonary edema (Dec 1994).

2. Pulmonary edema in intraoperative and immediate postoperative period(June 2002).

BLOOD LOSS

1. Blood loss monitors (Dec 1995)

2. Discuss the management of massive blood loss (June 2007). [ATOTW 136]


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3. Write an algorithm for the management of early hemorrhagic shock. What are

the goals in early resuscitation during active bleeding? (Dec 2012)

HYPOTENSION

1. Aetiology and management of hypotension during anaesthesia (June 1996).

2. Hypotension during anaesthesia (Dec 1998). [ATOTW 148]

OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS

1. Occupational hazards for/to the anesthetist (June 1996) (June 2001) (Dec

2001) (Dec 2003) [CEACCP]

2. Describe in detail the occupational hazards to anesthetists (Dec 2005).

1. Causes of perioperative seizures (Dec 1994)

2. Peripheral nerve injury under anaesthesia is preventable complication (Dec

2000).

3. Risk and management of pulmonary aspiration (Dec 2000)

4. Iatrogenic complications in anaesthesia (1996-2000)

5. Discuss the management of massive blood loss (June 2007).

DVT

1. What are the clinical features of DVT? Describe the prophylactic and man-

agement strategies (June 2013).

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34) Preoperative Evaluation.

PAC

1. PAC clinic (June 1994).

2. Preoperative visits (Dec 1999).

3. ASA physical status classification for preoperative anaesthetic risk assess-

ment (June 2010).


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4. What are the goals of pre-anaesthetic check up? ASA risks grading and fast-

ing guidelines (Dec 2011). [Pg 1002 Miller 7th Ed]

5. What is ASA physical status classification? Briefly describe other factors that

may alter the risk associated with anaesthesia (June 2013)

SMOKING

1. Hazards of smoking relevant to anesthetist (June 1997).

2. Discuss the assessment, preparation and problems of anaesthesia in a chron-

ic smoker for cholecystectomy (Dec 1999).

3. Enumerate the effects of chronic smoking and the anaesthetic implications

(Dec 2008).

4. Chronic smoking and the anesthesiologist (June 2009). [IJA 2009]

5. Describe the effects of smoking and its anaesthetic implications (Dec 2010).

L I VER DI SEASE

1. Assessment of risk factors for patient with moderate to severe liver disease

(Dec 2001). [RACE 2011]

2. Preoperative preparation and surgical risk assessment in a patient with cir-

rhosis of liver (June 2000). [Pg 1269-1271-Barasch]

3. Pre-anaesthetic evaluation and preparation of a patient with portal hyperten-

sion for lieno renal shunt (June 2007)

I HD

1. Evaluation of cardiac patient for non cardiac surgery (June 2004).

2.Enumerate the RCRI.Draw the algorithm of cardiac evaluation for non-cardiac

surgery as recommended in ACC/AHA 2007 guidelines on peri-operative CVSevaluation and care(June 2010).

3. How will you evaluate a 50 year old male patient with history of IHD present-

ing for major abdominal surgery? (Dec 2011).

VHD


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1. Preoperative evaluation of a patient with VHD (Dec 2005).

2. Pre-operative evaluation and preparation of a patient with TOF (June 2006).

1. Pre-operative evaluation of autonomic functions (June 2002) (Dec 2004).

2. Pre-anaesthetic evaluation and preparation of patient for pheochromocytoma

(Dec 2004).

3. Pre anaesthetic evaluation of a patient of MS for MTP and sterilization (Dec

2005).

4. Preoperative preparation of a diabetic patient with history of bleeding varices

lino renal shunt operation (Dec 2005).

5. Pre.anaesthetic evaluation of a thyrotoxic patient scheduled for thyroidecto-

my (Dec 2005).

6. ASA physical status classification (Dec 2007).

7. Bedside PFTs (June 2010).

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35) Anaesthetic Complications of Concurrent Disease

PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA:-

1.Discuss the pathophysiology and diagnosis of a case of pheochromocyto-

ma.Give an account of preparation, monitoring and anaesthetic management of

a 25 year old patient suffering from pheochromocytoma(June 1995)

2. Discuss the anaesthetic management of a 35 year old patient with pheo-

chromocytoma scheduled for bilateral adrenalectomy (Dec 2006).

3. A young man is suffering from pheochromocytoma.Discuss the preoperative

preparation and anesthetic management for removal of the tumor (June 1997).4. What is pheochromocytoma? What are its clinical features? Discuss preopera-

tive investigations, preparation and anaesthetic management of such a case for

surgical removal (Dec 1998). [Pg 501, ISACON 2011]


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5. Discuss pre anaesthetic assessment, preparation and management of a 16

year male kept for pheochromocytoma excision. How will you manage post an-

aesthetic complications? (Dec 2000).

6.Discuss the pre anaesthetic preparation, anaesthetic goals and intraoperative

management of a 30 year old female patient with diagnosis of pheochromocy-toma scheduled for excision of adrenal tumor(June 2011).

I HD

CORONARY STENT

1. Guidelines for management of anaesthesia in a patient with coronary stent

(June 2008).

2. Draw the algorithm for preoperative management of a patient receiving an-

tiplaelet therapy as recommended by ACC/AHA guidelines in perioperative car-

diovascular evaluation and care. Describe the preoperative management of a

patient with coronary stent (Dec 2009) [Pg 235-ISACON 2009]

3. Describe the anaesthetic considerations in patients having coronary artery

stent (Dec 2010).

***********************************************************************

CARDIAC PATIENT FOR NON CARDIAC SURGERY

1. Discuss the preoperative evaluation and anaesthetic management of an

emergency abdominal operation in a 60 year old man who had MI 6 weeks back

(1996-2000).

2. Preoperative preparation and evaluation of a patient with history of exertion-

al angina for surgery under general anaesthesia. (June 1996)

3.Discuss briefly the preoperative evaluation and anaesthetic management of a

50 year old patient who had acute MI three months ago, and is scheduled for

inguinal hernia repair(Dec 2006).

4. Discuss your anaesthetic management of strangulated inguinal hernia in a

patient with a recent MI (June 1999).

5. Describe the arterial circulation of the heart with the aid of a diagram men-

tioning the unique features of coronary blood flow. Explain the Goldmans Car-

diac risk Index and its importance to the anesthetist (1996-2000).


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6. Pathophysiology of CAD. Discuss the anaesthetic management of a patient

with angina (June 2004).

7. Cardiac evaluation for non-cardiac surgery (June 2004).

8. Anaesthetic management of a case of essential hypertension scheduled forupper abdominal surgery (June 2005).

9. Classify cardiomyopathies.Describe management of a 60 year old male with

dilated cardiomyopathy scheduled for laparotomy (Dec 2010)

10. What is diastolic dysfunction? Discuss the evaluation and implications to

the anesthetists (Dec 2011). [Chapter 6-Stoelting co-existing]

11. Discuss the pre-operative evaluation of a patient with IHD.Discuss the peri-

operative monitoring for MI and its management (June2012).

12. What are the predictors of cardiac risk in cardiac patients undergoing non

cardiac surgery? Describe briefly the anaesthetic consideration in a patient with

coronary artery disease with ejection fraction of 40% for laparoscopic cholecys-

tectomy (Dec 2012).

VHD

1. Clinical features of infective endocarditis, principle guidelines to use antibi-otics as prophylaxis against, during surgery (June 2005).

2. Discuss the anaesthetic management of 20 year old male with RHD with MS

for closed mitral valvotomy (June 2007). [Pg 3 OAR, Pg 31-Stoelting]

3. Preop evaluation and anaesthetic management of a 30 year old patient with

MS and AF scheduled for balloon angioplasty and valvoplasty (Dec 2007)[CEACCP vol 5 no.6 2005]

HTN

1. Define HTN.How will you evaluate and prepare preoperatively a 40 year old

female patient scheduled for abdominal hysterectomy. Discuss the anaesthetic

and postoperative management of such a case? (Dec 2000)


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DM

1. Discuss pre and post anaesthetic management of acute abdomen in a patient

with uncontrolled diabetes (Dec 1994)

2.Discuss the preoperative investigations, preparation and anaesthetic man-agement of a 50 year old diabetic patient presenting for an exploratory laparot-

omy for a lump in the abdomen.(Dec 1999)

3. Management of DKA (Dec 1998). [Pg 803-Morgan, Pg 1300-Barasch]

4. Principles of management of DKA (June 2002).

5. DKA (June 2004).

-Preoperative management of DKA (June 1994) (Dec 2004).

6. Preoperative patient of a diabetic patient with history of bleeding varices li-

norenal shunt (Dec 2005).

7. Anaesthetic management of a case of DM scheduled for open cholecystecto-

my (Dec 2005).

8. Diabetic patient with autonomic neuropathy for TAH (June 2006).

9. Discuss the anaesthetic management of an inadequately managed diabetes

mellitus patient with ketoacidosis posted for BKA (June 2007). [Pg 1300

Barasch]

10. Describe the different methods used for perioperative control of blood sug-

ar in diabetic patients undergoing major abdominal surgery with their ad-

vantages and disadvantages (Dec 2009). [Pg 782-Yao]

11. Describe the clinical manifestations of diabetic autonomic neuropathy.

What are its implications? (Dec 2010).

12. Describe the preoperative evaluation of a patient with DM scheduled for

surgery. Briefly describe the methods of maintaining intraoperative blood sugarlevels in a diabetic patient scheduled for major abdominal surgery (June 2013).


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THYROID

HYPOTHYROIDISM

1. A 50 year old woman with hypothyroidism is scheduled for abdominal hys-

terectomy. Discuss the anaesthetic management (Dec 2008).

2. Describe the clinical features of hypothyroidism. Discuss the anaesthetic

consideration in a hypothyroid patient scheduled for upper abdominal surgery

(Dec 2011)

THYROID STORM

1. Etiopathology and management of thyroid crisis (Dec 1999)

2. Thyroid crisis (June 2002)

3. Thyroid storm (June 2004).

4. Manifestations and management of thyroid storm (June 2008) (June 2009).[Pg 1016-Morgan 4th Ed]

5. Describe the manifestations and management of thyroid storm intraopera-

tively.Describe the management of such a case (Dec 2009).

1. Describe preop evaluation and preparation of a patient of thyrotoxico-

sis.Describe anaesthetic and postoperative management of such a case. (June1996). [Pg 73-RACE 2004, Pg 64-ARC-06]

2.A 35 year old lady with huge thyroid mass presenting with thyrotoxicosis is

posted for subtotal thyroidectomy.Discuss the preoperative preparation and

anaesthetic management(Dec 2000).[Pg 1282-Barasch,Pg 807-Morgan]

3. Myxoedema coma (June 2002) (Dec 2004).

4. Causes of airway obstruction following thyroid surgery and its management

(June 2003).

5. Thyrotoxic patient for subtotal thyroidectomy (June 2006).

6. Enumerate the NS of larynx. Enumerate the signs and symptoms of bilateral

recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy following total thyroidectomy (Dec 2009).


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7. Discuss preoperative evaluation and anaesthetic management of a 40 year

old hyperthyroid patient posted for total thyroidectomy.Enumerate postopera-

tive complications (June 2012).

COPD

1. Discuss the current concepts in the management of a case of chronic ob-

structive airway disease in respiratory failure (1996-2000).

2. Anaesthetic management of a case of COAD (Dec 2001).

3. Describe in detail the anaesthetic management of patients with reactive air-

way disease (June 2001).

4. Discuss the anaesthetic management of patients with reactive airway disease

(Dec 2001).

5. Intraoperative anaesthetic considerations in COPD patient scheduled for up-

per abdominal surgery (Dec 2005).

6. What is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? How will you manage oxy-

genation and pain in post operative period of a case of COPD undergoing upper

abdominal surgery? (Dec 2012)

CARCINOID TUMOR

1. Carcinoid tumor (June 2004).

2. A 30 year old woman is scheduled for removal of carcinoid tumor. Write the

anaesthetic management (June 2008). [Pg 172-Oxford handbook of anaesthe-

sia]

CUSHINGs syndrome

1. Discuss the anaesthetic management of a 25 years old female with Cushings

syndrome for bilateral adrenalectomy (June 2007). [Pg 395-Stoelting]

2. A 30 year old female with Cushings syndrome is scheduled for bilateral

adrenalectomy.Describe the anaesthetic management (Dec 2009).

1. Anaesthetic problems in an anemic patient (Dec 1998).


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2. A 60 years old man presents for elective parathyroidectomy.Discuss the an-

aesthetic management (Dec 2007) [Pg 398-Stoelting]

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

36) Patient Positioning.

1. Positional hazards under anaesthesia (1996-2000) [Pg 965-Morgan]

2. Enumerate various positions in relation to anaesthesia and discuss in detail

the problems associated with them (Dec 1996). [Pg 170-RACE 2003]

3. Describe the complications associated with sitting position during posterior

fossa surgery and their management (Dec 2010).

4. Discuss the anaesthetic problems of surgery in prone position (June 2011).

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

37) Neuromuscular Disorders and Malignant Hyperther-

mia

MG

1. MG versus Myasthenia syndrome (June 1994)

2. What is myasthenia gravis? What are its clinical features? Discuss the pre-

operative investigations, preparation, anaesthetic management of such a case

presenting for interval appendicectomy and management of the likely compli-

cations. (June 1998) [Pg 818-Morgan, P 69-RACE 2001, Pg 109-RACE 2005,

RACE 2011]

3.Discuss pre-anaesthetic assessment,preparation,anaesthetic management and

post operative complication in 20 year old female with myasthenia gravis post-

ed for thymectomy(June 2001)(Dec 2001).

4. Anaesthetic management of MG (June 2003)

5. MG and its anaesthetic management (Dec 2003).

6. Preoperative preparation of a case of MG scheduled for thymectomy (June

2005).


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7. Myaesthenic syndrome (June 2006).

8. Discuss the anaesthetic management in a patient of MG scheduled for thy-

mectomy (Dec 2006)

9. What are the clinical features of MG? Discuss perioperative evaluation andanaesthetic management of a case presenting for interval appendicectomy (June

2012).

10. What are the anaesthetic concerns in the management of a patient with my-

asthenia gravis scheduled for thoracoscopic thymectomy (Dec 2012).

MH

1. MH (Dec 1998) (Dec 2003) (June 2004). [Pg 945-Morgan]

2. Current concepts in the diagnosis and treatment of MH (June 1999).

3. What is malignant hyperthermia? Discuss its clinical features and laboratory

finding. Why is it important for the anesthetist to know about this syndrome?

(June 2002).

4. Temperature regulation in adults, predisposing factors, diagnosis and man-

agement of MH (June 2005).

5. What are the diagnostic features that would lead to identify malignant hyper-

thermia during immediately after anaesthesia and state the guidelines of man-agement? (Dec 2005).

6. Diagnosis and management of an acute attack of malignant hyperthermia

(June 2006).

7. A 4 years old child weighing 15 kg undergoing strabismus surgery suddenly

develops tachycardia, rigidity of extremities and rise in temperature during an-

aesthesia. Discuss the anaesthetic management (Dec 2007). [Pg 945-Morgan]

8. Describe clinical presentation, pathophysiology and management of malig-

nant hyperthermia (Dec 2010).

9. Describe the etiology, clinical features and treatment of malignant hyper-

thermia (Dec 2012).


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GBS

1. GBS (June 2004).

2. GBS-discuss briefly etiology, pathogenesis, symptomatology and management

including anaesthesia (Dec 2007) [Stoelting 254}.

PARKINSONs disease

1. Pre-op evaluation and anaesthetic considerations of a patient with Parkinson

disease (June 2008) (Dec 2008). [Pg 227-Stoelting, Pg 650 Morgan, IJA 2007,

Pg 630-Barasch]

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

38) Fundamental Principles of Monitoring and Instrumen-

tation (PHYSICS related to anaesthesia)

VENTURI

1. Venturi principle and its clinical implication (June 1995)[Pg 181-

Aitkenhead]

2. Application of Venturi principle in anaesthesia practice (Dec 2000)

3. Venturi principle and its use in anaesthesia (June 1999).

4. Venturi principle and its application (Dec 2001) (Dec 2004).

5. Venturi principle and its application in anaesthesia (June 2003)

6. Venturi principle and its importance to anesthetist (Dec 2003).

7. What is venturi principle? Discuss its applications in anaesthesia practice

(Dec 2006)

8. What is venturi principle? What are its applications in anaesthesia? (June

2009).

9. Desribe Bernoullis principle and its various applications in anaesthesia (June

2012).


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MINIMUM MONITORING STANDARD

1. Minimum patient monitoring during anaesthesia (June 1995) (June 1998). [Pg

118-Morgan]

2. What is minimum monitoring standard? Describe the objectives and methods(Dec 2005).

3. Invasive intraop monitoring (June 2001) (Dec 2001)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

39) Monitoring Depth of Anaesthesia.

BIS

1. What is BIS monitoring? What are its clinical applications in anaesthesia prac-

tice? (Dec 2008).

2. BIS (June 2010). [Pg 99-ISACON 2009]

1. Minimum Alveolar Concentration (1996-2000).

2. Causes and prevention of awareness under anaesthesia (Dec 1995).

3. Awareness under anaesthesia (1996-2000) [Pg 66-RACE 2006, IJA 2009]4. Awareness and wakefulness under anaesthesia (June 1999) (Dec 1994) [Pg

148-157-IJA 2009]

5. Awareness during anaesthesia (Dec 1998) (Dec 2000).

6. Assessment of intraop awareness (Dec 2005).

7. What do you mean by awareness during anaesthesia? Mention the monitors

in use to measure the depth of anaesthesia (June 2006).

8. Discuss the pharmacological principles of measuring the depth of anaesthe-

sia and techniques for monitoring the depth of anaesthesia (June 2002).

9. List and brief statement and effectiveness of each of the means available for

detecting awareness during anaesthesia (June 2005).


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10. What are the measures by which you can measure the depth of anaesthesia

during the intra operative period? (June 2005).

11. Why is it important to measure the depth of anaesthesia? Briefly describe

the methods used (Dec 2011).

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

40) Cardiovascular Monitoring

I JV

1. Complications of cannulations of IJV. (Dec 1996)(Dec 2004).

2. Techniques and approaches to IJV cannulation (Dec 2007).

3. Describe the anatomy of IJV with the help of a diagram. Discuss any one ap-

proach for IJV cannulation (Dec 2011)

4. Enumerate various approaches for central venous cannulation.Describe the

technique and complications of IJV cannulation (June 2012).

CARDIAC OUTPUT MONITORING

1. Non invasive cardiovascular monitoring (Dec 1994)

2. Cardiac output management with thermo dilution technique (June 1995).

3. What are the determinants of cardiac output and discuss various non-

invasive methods of measurement of cardiac output (Dec 2006)

1. PAC (June 1998).

-Pulmonary artery pressure monitoring (June 2006).

2. CVP (June 1999) [Pg 131-Morgan 4th Ed]

-CVP, its application in anaesthesia (Dec 1996) (Dec 2007). [Pg 1285-Miller]

-CVP monitoring and its implications (Dec 2008). [Pg 238-RACE 2007]

3. Jugular venous oximetry (June 2002).

4. Central venous cannulation (Dec 2003).


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5. Methods of central venous cannulation, uses, limitations and complications

of CVP monitoring (June 2005).

6. Describe the indications, contraindications and complications of invasive ar-

terial blood pressure monitoring. Describe the technique (Dec 2009). [Pg 123-

Morgan]

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

41) TEE

1. TEE (June 2001) (Dec 2001). [Yao]

2. How is USG useful in anaesthesia and intensive care medicine and explain the

usefulness of TEE during cardiac surgery (Dec 2005). [IJA 2007]

3. TEE in anaesthesia practice (June 2008). [RACE 2011]

4. Describe the role of intraoperative echocardiography in clinical anaesthesia

(Dec 2009).

5. USG->principles and its uses in day to day practice of anaesthesia (June

2010).

6. Discuss the use of TEE in anaesthesia practice (June 2011).

7. Desribe the role of TEE in hemodynamic monitoring of a patient with CAD

scheduled for surgery under General Anaesthesia (June 2013).

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

42) ECG

1. Modified bipolar standard limb lead systems and its usefulness for in-

traoperative monitoring (Dec 1995).

-------------------------------------------------------------------------


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43) ICD and Pacemakers

1. Discuss different types of pacemakers and briefly enumerate precautions to

be taken during surgery with pacemaker (June 2007).

2. Enumerate the evidenced based indications for pacemaker insertion. Mentionthe general principles of anaesthetic management of a patient with pacemaker

scheduled for surgery (Dec 2009).

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

44) Respiratory Monitoring.

PULSE OXIM ETER

1. Limitations of pulse oximeter (Dec 1995).

2. Pulse oximetry (Dec 2000). [Pg 140-Morgan]

3. Physical principles of pulse oximetry (June 2005). [Pg 1-ISACON 2009]

4. Pulse oximetry-principles and applications (Dec 2007).

CAPNOGRAPHY

1. Role of capnography during anaesthesia (June 1996). [Pg 45-RACE 2004]

2. Capnography (Dec 1994) (June 2000) (Dec 2001)

3. Discuss principles of monitoring end tidal CO2 (June 2007).

4.-What is capnography? Draw a neat labeled diagram of a normal capnograph

and discuss clinical considerations of capnography (Etco2 monitoring)

(June2012).

1. Factors influencing tissue oxygenation (1996-2000) **. [Pg 65-RACE 2010]

2. Respiratory monitoring in anaesthesia (Dec 2003).

3. Discuss various methods of oxygen monitoring in anaesthesia practice (June

2007). [Pg 65-RACE 2010]


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-------------------------------------------------------------------------

45) Renal Function Monitoring

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

46) Neurologic Monitoring.

1. SSEP (June 1998) **.

2. Minimum monitoring for post spinal fusion in scoliosis (June 2003).

3. Methods of intracranial pressure monitoring, uses and complication of ICP

monitoring (June 2005).

4. ICP monitoring and its applications (Dec 2007) [Pg 55-ISACON 2007, Pg

395-ISACON 2009]

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

47) Neuromuscular Monitoring

1. Methods of monitoring neuromuscular junction function (Dec 1995).

2. Methods of monitoring of neuromuscular transmission during anaesthesia

(Dec 2004).

3. Intraoperative neuromuscular monitoring (June 2007).

4. Compare and contrast TOF and Double burst (Dec 2008).

5. What are the factors affecting neuro-muscular blockage? Discuss various

methods to monitor neuromuscular blockage (June 2009). [Pg 37-ISACON

2009]

6. Enumerate various techniques of monitoring neuromuscular blockade during

anaesthesia. List the advantages and limitations of each of these techniques

(June 2010). [Pg 127-RACE 2010]

7. Discuss various patterns of nerve stimulation in neuromuscular monitoring

and their interpretation with the help of diagrams (June 2011).


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-------------------------------------------------------------------------

48) Temperature Regulation & Monitoring

1. Discuss the regulation of body temperature. How will you prevent hypother-mia in a neonate posted for major abdominal surgery (Dec 2002).

2. Describe in brief the sites and devices for temperature monitoring (Dec

2008).

3. Classify hypothermia. Describe the path physiological effects of hypothermia

(June 2012).

4. Briefly describe thermoregulation in the human body. Discuss the impact of

perioperative hypothermia (June 2013)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

49) Perioperative Acid-Base Balance

1. Anion gap (Dec 2006).

2. Preanalytical consideration of ABG measurement (Dec 1999).

3. What are the major buffer systems in the body? Enumerate the causes, ef-

fects and management of metabolic acidosis (Dec 2009). [Pg 716-Morgan]

4. What is anion gap? Desribe the causes and management of metabolic acido-

sis from low cardiac output (Dec 2012).

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

50) Airway Management in the Adult

AI RWAY ASSESSMENT

1. Airway assessment (June 2005).

2. List the bedside test available to predict the difficult intubations. Comment

on their use (June 2005).


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SGA

1. Supra Glottis Airway devices (Dec 2007). [Pg 85-RACE 2009, Pg 633-OAR]

2. I-gel Airway (June 2008) (June 2010). [IJA 2009]

3. Enumerate the different SGAs.tabulate the differencesbetween Proseal LMA

and I-gel airway (June 2011).

LMA

1. Merits and demerits of LMA (June 1996).

2. LMA: various modifications (June2007). [IJA 2005]

3. Discuss the role of LMA in ASA Difficult Airway Algorithm (June 2013)

DIF FI CULT AI RWAY

TM ANKYLOSIS

1. Describe airway management of a patient of ankylosing spondylitis with se-

vere restriction of neck movement posted for total hip replacement (Dec 1996).

2. Discuss the preoperative assessment and the method of anaesthesia in pa-

tient with TM ankylosis for the release of ankylosis (Dec 2003).

3. A 20 year old is scheduled for release of TMJ ankylosis.Discuss the various

methods to secure the airway (Dec 2008). -Describe briefly the difficult airway

algorithm. How will you perform awake intubation in an adult with restricted

mouth opening? (Dec 2011). [IJA 2011]

***********************************************************************

1Assessment and management of difficult intubation (June 1995).

2. Evaluation of difficult airway (June 2002).

3. Difficult intubation/Predictive factors and intubation difficulty (Dec 2003).

4. Describe briefly the difficult airway algorithm. How will you perform awake

intubation in an adult with restricted mouth opening? (Dec 2011)


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ATTENTUATION OF LARYNGOSCOPIC RESPONSE

1. Attentuation of laryngoscopic reaction to intubation (Dec 2000).

2. Discuss various methods to obtund intubation response to laryngoscopy and

intubation (June 2007). [Pg 145-OAR]

3. Describe the occulocardiac reflex? Discuss measures to attenuate presser re-

sponse to laryngoscopy/intubation (June 2011).

VOCAL CORD PALSIES

1. Vocal cord palsies with the aid of diagrams of direct laryngoscopic view (Dec

2000).

2. Anatomy of larynx. Enumerate with diagrams the types of vocal cord palsies

(June 2005).

3. Describe innervations of larynx.Brieflydiscuss various palsies following nerve

injury (June 2011). [Pg 13 Wylie 5th Ed]

FOB

1. Modes of ventilation during bronchoscopy (Dec 1994).

2. Draw a labeled diagram of a flexible FOB and describe methods for its sterili-

zation or high level disinfection (Dec 2007).

3. Describe the techniques for anaesthetizing the airway for awake fibreoptic

laryngoscopy and intubation through nasal route in an adult with restricted

mouth opening (Dec 2010).

DIFF ERENCES BETWEEN ADULT AND PAEDIATRIC LARYNX

1. Describe the anatomy of larynx with difference in adult and children. What isimportance of recurrent laryngeal nerve in anaesthesia practice (June 2002).

2. How does the paediatric airway differ from that of an adult? What are the

implications for an anesthesiologist (Dec 2009). [Pg 36-IJA 2004, Pg923-

Morgan]


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AWAKE INTUBATION

1. How will you anaesthetize the airway of a 40 year old man for awake intuba-

tion? (Dec 2006).

2. Describe the anatomy of larynx. How would you anaesthetize the airway forawake intubation (June 2009).

3. Describe the nerve supply of nasal cavity and larynx. How would you block

these nerves for awake nasal intubation?

1. Double Lumen ETT (June 1996).

2. Airway management in an unconscious patient (June1998).

3. Discuss the management of CICV situation in the OT (Dec 2006).

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

51) Spinal, Epidural and CaudalAnaesthesia.

ANTI COAGULANTS AND RA

1. Antothrombotic prophylaxis and neuraxial anaesthesia (June 2006).

2. Enumerate the guidelines for RA in a patient on anticoagulant therapy (Dec

2008). [Pg 299-Morgan 4th Ed, Pg 106-RACE 2006]

3. Enumerate the guidelines for RA in a patient on antiplatelet therapy (June

2009).

4. Describe anaesthetic concerns for regional anaesthesia in a patient on anti-

coagulants (Dec 2010).

5. What are the recommendations for neuraxial anaesthesia in a patient on anti-

coagulant therapy? (Dec 2011)

6. Describe the guidelines for central neuraxial blockage in a patient on antico-

agulant therapy (June 2013).

PDPH

1. PDPH (June 1999). [IJA 2006, ATOTW-181, Pg 125RACE 2012}


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2. What is PDPH? What are the factors affecting it? Describe the management of

such a case (Dec 2009).

3. What are the differences between a subdural and subarachnoid block? Write

the clinical features and management of PDPH (Dec 2011)

4. Define PDPH.Describe its clinical features and management (June 2013)

1. Complications of epidural anaesthesia (June 1995).

2. Pulmonary function changes following central neuraxial blockade (June

1999). [Pg 297-Morgan]

3. Continous subarachnoid block (Dec 1996).

4. IVRA (June 1995) (June 1997). (Dec 1998)(Dec 2003)[Pg 981-Barasch, Pg 311-

SAARC 9th]

5. Epidural analgesia for postop pain relief (Dec 1996).

6. Epidural pressure and various factors affecting the same (Dec 1998).

7. Indications and contraindications of regional anaesthesia (Dec 2001).

8. Effect of intrathecal neostigmine on spinal anaesthesia (June 2002).

9. CSE (June 2002).

10. Caudal block (June 2003).

11. Modified CSE (June 2003).

12. Caudal epidural analgesia in anaesthesia practice (Dec 2004).

13. Complications of extramural anaesthesia (June 2006) (June 2007). [Pg 153-

RACE 2007]

14. Anatomy of epidural space and methods of identification (Dec 2007) [Pg 24

and 33-Pramila bajaj]

15. Describe the boundaries of epidural space. Discuss five common complica-

tions of epidural block (Dec 2011)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------


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52) Nerve Blocks.

STELLATE GANGLION BLOCK

1. Indications and methods of stellate ganglion block (June 2002).

2. Stellate ganglion block-indications and complications (Dec 1995).

3. Enumerate the indications, contraindications, complications and method of

establishing stellate ganglion block (Dec 2008).

4. Describe the anatomy of stellate ganglion. Discuss indications, techniques

and implications of stellate ganglion block (Dec 2010).

5. Define CRPS.Describe the technique and complications of Stellate Ganglion

Block (June 2013).

BRACHIAL PLEXUS BLOCK

1. Anatomy of brachial plexus and its importance to the anesthetists (June

2002).

2. Discuss one method of brachial plexus block through supraclavicular ap-

proach and enumerate the complications associated with it (June 2007). [Pg

333-Morgan]

3. Anatomy of brachial plexus with the help of a diagram. Enumerate the vari-ous techniques of brachial plexus block (June 2010)

OPTHALM IC BLOCKS

1. Peribulbar blocks (Dec 1998).

2. Peribulbar block-indications, techniques and complications (June 2010).

3. Merits and demerits of retro bulbar vs. peribulbar block (June 2002).

COELIAC PLEXUS BLOCK

1. Describe the anatomy of celiac plexus. Discuss the indications and methods

to block celiac plexus (June 2009(Dec 2011). [Pg 385-Morgan 4th Ed]

2. Illustrate the anatomy of celiac plexus with the help of a diagram. Describe

the technique of celiac plexus block and its complications (Dec 2009).


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3. Enumerate the method available for pain relief in patients with Carcinoma

Pancreas. Describe Celiac Plexus block with the help of a diagram (June 2013)

ANKLE BLOCK

1. Innervation of foot and technique of performing ankle block (Dec 1995)

2. Describe the nerve supply of foot and the technique of ankle block for ampu-

tation of great toe (Dec 2006).

3. Describe the nerve innervations of the foot with diagram and discuss the lo-

cal anaesthetic block at the ankle for the amputation of gangrenous toes in a

patient (June 1999). [Pg 352-Morgan]

4. Describe the regional block for removal of infected corn foot (Dec 2010)

PARAVERTEBRAL BLOCK

1. Describe anatomy of paravertebral space and describe one method of estab-

lishing paravertebral block (June 2007). [Pg 354-Morgan]

2. Describe the anatomy of par vertebral space with diagram. Describe one

method of establishing paravertebral block (June 2012)

1. `Three-in-one` block (Dec 2001).

2. Horners syndrome (June 2003).

3. Describe with the help of a labeled diagram, the anatomy of lumbar plexus

and describe the techniques of lumbar plexus block (June 2008). [Pg 343-

Morgan 4th Ed]

4. Describe the course of sciatic nerve and any one approach to block the nerve

(June 2011).

-------------------------------------------------------------------------53) USG guidelines for RA

1. What principle is used in USG? How is USG useful in anaesthesia? (June

2008).


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-------------------------------------------------------------------------

54) IV Fluid and Electrolyte Physiology.

CRYSTALLOID/COLLOID

1. Merits and demerits of crystalloids and colloids (June 1994)

2. Crystalloid and colloid (Dec 1999). [Pg 1705-Miller]

3. Crystalloid Vs Colloid (Dec 2003).

4. Discuss the different types of colloid solutions. Describe their advantages

and disadvantages (June2012)

1. Plasma volume expansion (June 1999) (Dec 1999).

2. Uses, advantages and disadvantages of plasma expanders (June 1998).

3. Plasma expanders (Dec 2001).

4. Plasma volume expanders (June 2005).

5. Water and electrolyte disturbances and their pre anaesthetic correction in

small gut obstruction (Dec 1996).

6. Gelatin as spinal preloading (June 2002).

7. Comparitive evaluation of RL, Low molecular weight Dextran and 3.5%poly

8. Human Albumin (Dec 2003).

9. Third space loss-its importance to anesthesiologist (Dec 2005).

10. Merits and demerits of various synthetic colloids (Dec 2006).

11. Discuss the role of plasma proteins in anaesthesia (June 2007).

12. Compare and contrast as IV fluid (Dec 2008).


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Mg2+

1. Role of Magnesium in anaesthesia practice (June 2000). [FRCA/BJA]

2. What are the therapeutic uses of magnesium? How does it work? (Dec 2005)

3. Role of Magnesium in anaesthesia and ICU (Dec 2004) (June 2006) (June

2007). [ATOTW 90]

4. What are the physiological functions of magnesium? Describe its therapeutic

uses in anaesthesia (June 2012)

K+

1. Hypokalemia (Dec 1998) (June 2000). [Pg 677-Morgan]

2. Hypokalemia-definition, clinical manifestation and management (June 2010).

3. Define hypokalemia.What are the clinical manifestations of hypokalemia?

How will you treat hypokalemia intraoperatively? (June 2011)

***********************************************************************

1. Treatment of hyperkalemia (June 2002).

2. Causes, diagnosis and treatment of hypo and hyperkalemia (June 2005)

3. Hyperkalemia (June 2006).

4. Define hyperkalemia.Discuss signs and symptoms and anaesthetic considera-

tion (June 2009). [Pg 680-Morgan]

5. Enumerate the causes, clinical manifestations and management of hyper-

kalemia (Dec 2011).

6. Causes, diagnosis and treatment of hypo and hyperkalemia (June 2005).

***********************************************************************1. Discuss the ECG abnormalities due to various electrolyte imbalances (Dec

2008). [Pg 679-Morgan 4th Ed]


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SIADH

1. Water intoxication (June 1999).

2. How is the diagnosis of dilutional hyponatremia made? What is its signifi-

cance in anaesthesia? (June2002).

3. What is SIADH? Describe the clinical features and management of SIADH (Dec

2011)

4. Describe the causes and management of acute dilutional hyponatremia in the

immediate postoperative period (Dec 2012)

Na+

1. What are the manifestations of Hyponatremia and how will you treat it? (Dec

2006).

2. Enumerate the signs and symptoms of Hyponatremia.Describe the manage-

ment in a patient with serum sodium level of 115 meq/L scheduled for knee re-

placement under RA (Dec 2009). [Pg 671-Morgan].

3. What are the causes and clinical features of Hyponatremia in the post operative

period? Describe its management (June 2013).

Ca2+

1. Discuss causes, clinical manifestations and treatment of hypocalcae-

mia...What are the anaesthetic considerations? (June 2012)

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55) Transfusion Therapy

BLOOD COMPONENT THERAPY

1. Present trend of blood component therapy (June 2000)

2. Blood component therapy (Dec 1998) (June 2002) (June 2005) [Pg 161 ISA-

CON 2008, Pg 1758-Miller]

3. Role of blood components in perioperative period (Dec 2007).


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4. Enumerate the indications for transfusion of packed red cells, FFP, platelets

and cryoprecipitate (June 2010)

COMPLICATIONS

1. Blood transfusion and related disease transmission (Dec 1995).

2. Complications and Sequelae of BT (June 1996) (Dec 2008) [Pg 700-Morgan

4th Ed]

3 .Complications of BT (June 1997).

4. Management of mismatched BT (Dec 2003).

5. How will you diagnose mismatched BT intraoperatively? Describe its man-

agement (Dec 2009).

MASSIVE BLOOD TRANSFUSION

1. Massive blood transfusion (June 2003).

2. What is massive blood transfusion? What are the complications of massive

blood transfusion? (June 2009). [Pg 702-Morgan 4th Ed]

3. Define massive BT. Discuss the complications associated with massive blood

transfusion (June 2011).

1. Storage lesions in blood (Dec 1995).

2. Recent trends of BT and blood products (1996-2000). [Pg 147-RACE 2011]

3. Clinical uses of blood (June 2002).

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56) Coagulation.

1. DIC (June 1995) (June 1998).

2. What is DIC? Enumerate its causes and management (June 2009) [Pg 403-

barasch 6th Ed]

3. Discuss the physiology of Hemostasis and its significance (June 2005).


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4. What is TEG? Draw a labeled diagram to show a normal tracing. What are its

implications? (Dec 2008). [Pg 394-Barasch 6th Ed, Pg 338-Yao]

5. Describe various tests for monitoring peri-operative coagulation (June 2011).

[Pg 392-Barasch 6th Ed]

6. Briefly outline the evaluation and management of a patient with suspected

perioperative coagulopathy (June 2012)

7. Describe the algorithm of the evaluation and initial therapy of a patient with

suspected perioperative coagulopathy (Dec 2012).

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57) Autologous Transfusion VIIa and Bloodless Medicine.AUTOLOGOUS BLOOD TRANSFUSION

1. Autologous BT (June 1996) (June 1998) (June 1999) (June 2000) (Dec 2004)

(Dec 2007). [ACNA-2005]

2. Auto transfusion (June 2004).

3. What is autologous BT? Describe the various techniques of autologous BT

(Dec 2006). [Pg 151-RACE 2011][Pg 1781-Miller]

4. Discuss criteria for patient selection, contraindications, advantages and dis-

advantages of autologous BT (June 2012).

BLOODLESS MEDICINE/BLOOD CONSERVATION STRATEGY

1. Perioperative blood conservation (Dec 2000)

2. What are the methods adopted by the anesthetist to reduce the need for allo-

genic blood transfusions (June 2005).

3. Artificial blood/synthetic oxygen carrying substances (June 2006).

4.Write the blood conservation strategies in a 20 year old female scheduled for

excision of angiofibroma of nose(June 2008).[Pg 65-RACE 2009]

5. Different techniques of reducing the need of allogenic blood transfusion

(June 2010)


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RECOMBI NANT FACTOR VI I a

1. Recombinant factor VIIa (Dec 2006).

2. What is recombinant Factor VIIa? Describe the clinical usage of it (Dec 2010).

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SECTION V-ADULT SUBSPECIALITY MANAGEMENT

58) Anaesthesia for Treatment of Chronic Pain.

WHO STEP LADDER PATTERN FOR PAIN RELIEF

1. WHO regimen of chronic pain management (June 1997). [Pg 26-RACE 2005]

2. The WHO three step ladder pattern for pain relief in advanced cancer (Dec

1997) (Dec 2001).

1. Role of anesthesiologist in managing shoulder dystrophy syndrome (Dec

1994).

2. Trigeminal neuralgia, clinical features and management (Dec 1996). [Pg 375and 408-Morgan]

3. Management of reflex sympathetic dystrophy (June 1997). [Pg 406-Morgan]

4. Anaesthetists role in pain and palliative care (Dec 2005).

5. Phantom limb pain (June 2006).

6. Pain management options in a patient with intractable pain due to carcinoma

of head of pancreas (Dec 2007) (June 2011). [Pg 297-RACE 2010]

7. Define and classify chronic pain. Describe the methods of treatment of CRPS

in left upper limb in a 20 year old male patient (Dec 2009).

8. Explain the term CRPS? What are the types of CRPS? Describe its clinical fea-

tures and options for treatment (June 2012).


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9. What is IASP (international association for study of pain) definition of pain?

How do you classify pain? Briefly describe the interdisciplinary management of

chronic pain. (Dec 2012).

10. What is hospice? When should you begin hospice care? How does hospice

serve patients and families? (Dec 2012)

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59) Anaesthesia for Thoracic Surgery

OLV

1. One lung anaesthesia (June 1995).

2. Problems and management of one lung anaesthesia (June 1997).

3. One lung anaesthesia-problems and management (Dec 2004).

4. What are the indications for OLV? Discuss the ventilatory management dur-

ing one lung anaesthesia (Dec 2006). [Pg 589-Morgan 4th Ed]

5. What are the indications of OLV? What are the methods of lung separation?

Discuss the problems involved (June 2009).

PNEUMONECTOMY

1. Discuss the anaesthetic management of a patient posted for pneumonectomy

Ca Right Bronchus-preparation and management (June 2004).

2. Discuss the pre-operative evaluation and preparation of a 55 year old male

with bronchiectasis scheduled for right lower lobe excision (Dec 2010).

3. How would you evaluate and prepare a patient with chronic bronchiectasis

scheduled for pneumonectomy? Briefly enumerate the postoperative complica-tions (June 2012).


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ESOPHAGECTOMY

1. Preoperative assessment, preparation specific to thoraco abdominal esoph-

agectomy.Describe your anaesthetic problem during operation (June 2005). [Pg

379-OHA], [Pg 609-Morgan]2. A 68 year old patient with carcinoma esophagus is scheduled for transtho-

racic esophagectomy.Outline the preoperative evaluation, preparation and an-

aesthetic management (June 2010)

3. A 68 year old male with carcinoma esophagus is posted for total esophagec-

tomy and gastric pull up. Describe the preoperative preparation, evaluation and

anaesthetic management (June 2011).

PFTs

1. Relevance ofPFTs (Dec 2000). [Pg 153-RACE 2009]

2. Describe with diagram the flow volume loops in:

(a)Healthy adult

(b)Patient with restrictive lung disease

(c)Patient with obstructive lung disease (June 2009). [Pg 8-Yao]

3. Draw a diagram to show various lung volumes and capacities. Describe the

spirometry features of patients with obstructive and restrictive pulmonary dis-

order (Dec 2010)

1. Anaesthesia for drainage of empyema thoracis (June 2000). [Pg 372-OHA]

2. Broncho-pleural fistula (June 2002).

3. Anaesthetic consideration for patient with BPF for repair (Dec 2005).

4. Hydropneumothorax (June 2003).


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5. Write the indications of mediastinoscopy? Write the anaesthetic implications

of mediastinoscopy (June 2008). [CEACCP 2007][Morgan 607]

6. A 40 year old male with emphysematous bulla in right lung is scheduled for

thoracoscopic excision of bulla (VATS).Describe the anaesthetic management

(Dec 2009).

60) Anaesthesia for cardiac surgery

CPB

1. Myocardial preservation (June 1994) (June 2004)

2. Myocardial protection during CPB (Dec 1997). [Pg 1089-Barasch]

3. Anticoagulation and CPB (Dec 2007). [Pg 1088-Barasch]

4. Cardioplegia and its role in cardiac anaesthesia practice (Dec 2007). [Pg 439-

Satish deshpande]

5. Discuss the various criteria required before weaning a patient from CPB (June

2011).

6. Describe the commonly encountered problems following CPB in the post-

bypass period (Dec 2012).

OPCAB

1. Discuss advantages and disadvantages of OPCAB (Dec 2006)

2. Enumerate the indications of OPCAB.Describe the technique, advantages and

disadvantages (Dec 2009). [Pg 177-RACE 2009]

1. Discuss anaesthetic management of 20 years old male with RHD with MS for

closed mitral valvotomy (June 2007).

2. Preop evaluation and anaestheitc management of a 30 year old patient withMS and AF scheduled for balloon angioplasty and valvoplasty (Dec 2007).

3. Enumerate the circulatory assist device. What are the indications, contraindi-

cations and complications of IABP? (Dec 2010).


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-Describe the mechanism by which IABP augments coronary perfusion. What are

the indications and contraindications for the use of IABP? (Dec 2012)

CARDIAC TRANSPLANT

1. Preop anaesthetic implications in a patient with transplanted heart postedfor incidental surgery (Dec 2007). [Pg 22-Stoelting]

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61) Anaesthesia for Correction of Cardiac Arrythmias

(pacemakers)

1. Specific problems and their prevention during anaesthesia in a patient with

artificial pacemaker (Dec 2000). [RACE 2008, Pg 437-RACE 2009]

2. Pacemakers (June 2002).

3. What are the indications for elective cardioversion? How do you prepare and

perform this procedure? (Dec 2006).

4. Discuss different types of pacemakers and briefly enumerate precautions to

be taken during surgery in a patient with pacemaker (June 2007) [Pg 74-OAR]

5. Describe the cardiac conduction system. How do you manage a patient with

PSVT? (Dec 2009).

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62) Anaesthesia for Vascular Surgery.

1. Role of anesthetist in a case of TAO (June 2002).

2. Describe the anaesthetic management in a patient with Abdominal Aorticdissection scheduled for aortic bypass graft (Dec 2009). [Pg 226-RACE 2010]

3. Discuss hemodynamic and metabolic changes during aortic clamping and

cross clamping. Describe the renal protective measures during aortic clamping

(June 2011).


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4. Describe the preoperative evaluation, anaesthetic management and intra op-

erative monitoring of a patient scheduled for Carotid Endarterectomy (Dec

2012).

-------------------------------------------------------------------------63) Anesthesia for Neurosurgery.

POSTERIOR CRANI AL FOSSA SURGERY

1.A 40 year old male had pulse 45/min and BP 190/110 mmHg,diagnosed case

of tumor mass in the posterior fossa.How will you prepare and manage the case

for removal of tumor(June 2004)

2. A 20 year old female with mass in posterior cranial fossa is scheduled forcraniotomy. Describe the anaesthetic management (Dec 2009). [Pg 205-RACE

2011]

3. Describe the anaesthetic considerations for excision of a mass in the posteri-

or cranial fossa in a 20 year old patient (Dec 2011).

4. A 20 year old female with mass in posterior fossa is scheduled for cranioto-

my. Describe the preoperative preparation and anaesthetic management (June

2013).

I NTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM/AV MALFORMATION

1. Describe anaesthetic and postoperative management of a patient undergoing

intra-cranial aneurysm surgery (Dec 1996). [Pg 385-ISACON 2009]

2. Discuss the perioperative management of cerebral AVM (Dec 2005).

3. Describe the preoperative evaluation and anaesthetic management of a 20

year old male scheduled for Cerebral AVM Surgery (June 2013)

TRANSPHENOIDAL HYPOPHYSECTOMY

1. Anaesthetic management of a case of pituitary adenoma for transphenoidal

hypophysectomy. (June 2006).


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2.A 25 years old man presents with marked features of acromegaly and is post-

ed for Transphenoidal Hypophysectomy.Discuss the anaesthetic manage-

ment(Dec 2007).[EORCAPS-2011].

REGULATION OF ICP/ICT

1. Discuss the regulation of ICT and methods available for reducing it under

anaesthesia (Dec 1994).

2. Discuss the regulation of ICP.Describe the methods available for reducing it

under anaesthesia (June 2012).

1. Hydrocephalus and its various methods of management (June 2002).

2. What is cerebral protection? Explain the methods adopted in clinical practice

for cerebral protection (June 2005)

3. Intraoperative problems of neurosurgical procedures under anaesthesia in

sitting position (June2007).

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64) Anaesthesia for Bariatric Surgery.

1. Morbid obesity-its anaesthetic implication (Dec 1994).

2. Discuss the anaesthetic techniques and postoperative problems in an obese

patient for large hernia of interior abdominal wall (Dec 1996).

3. Define morbid obesity. Enumerate the changes that occur in the respiratory,

cardiovascular and metabolic systems in obesity. A 40 year old patient with

height 158 cams and weighing 150 kgs is scheduled for pyelolithotomy.How

will you evaluate this patient preoperatively? Discuss the problems involved

and the anaesthetic management (June 2000).

4. Obesity: anaesthetic problems (1996-2000).

5. Describe obesity and problems related to this. How would you manage the

anaesthesia and choice of anaesthetic agent (June 2003).

6...Morbid obesity-anaesthetic problems (Dec 2004).


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7. Anaesthetic considerations in obesity (June 2005).

8. Anaesthetic problems in a patient with extreme obesity (June 2006) (June

2007).

9. Discuss the perioperative problems in a patient with morbid obesity (Dec2008).

10. Discuss the problems and their anaesthetic implications of a 40 year old

morbidly obese patient scheduled for gastric banding (June 2009).

11. Define morbid obesity. Outline the intraoperative anaesthetic considera-

tions in this patient scheduled for bariatric surgery (June 2010).

12. Define BMI.Classify obesity and discuss the anaesthetic considerations in

morbidly obese patients (Dec 2011). [Pg 289-OAR]

13.Discuss the preoperative evaluation of a 25 year old man with OSA sched-

uled for laparotomy.How would you prepare him for surgery(June 2012)[Pg 79-

RACE 2012].

14. Describe briefly the intra operative considerations for bariatric surgery.

(Dec 2012)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------65) Anaesthesia for Renal and GUT

1.Describe the anaesthetic assessment and management of a 70 year old pa-

tient posted for TURP.What are the possible complications and how will you

treat them?(Dec 1995).

2. TURP syndrome (Dec 2000). [Pg 359-RACE 2012]

3. Anaesthetic management of 80 years old male kept for TURP (Dec 2001).

4. Anaesthetic considerations of a patient on pacemaker for TURP (Dec 2005)

5. What are the problems associated with anaesthesia for an elective surgery in

a patient of chronic renal failure (Dec 2005).


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6. Describe clinical presentation, pathophysiology and management of TURP

syndrome (June 2011).

7. What are the causes, signs and symptoms of TURP syndrome? How will you

manage? (June 2013)

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66) Anaesthesia and Hepatobiliary System.

HEPATO RENAL SYNDROME

1. Hepatorenal syndrome in anaesthesia practice-etiology and management

(June 1997). [Pg 144-OHA]

2. Hepatorenal shutdown-etiology and prevention (June 1999).

3. Discuss the patho-physiology of hepatorenal syndrome. What are the

measures to prevent it? (June 2009).

4. Describe briefly the diagnosis, pathophysiology and treatment of heaptorenal

syndrome in a case of advanced liver cirrhosis (Dec 2012)

LI ENO -RENAL SHUNT

1. Discuss the anaesthetic problems in a patient undergoing lieno renal shunt

(Dec 2004). [Pg 363-RACE 2011]

2. Pre anaesthetic evaluation and preparation of a patient with portal hyperten-

sion for leno renal shunt (June 2007) [IJA 2007]

3. Write preoperative evaluation and preparation of a patient with portal HTN

scheduled for L-R shunt (June 2008). [Pg 42-RACE 2010, OAR-Pg 307]

4. Describe the preoperative evaluation and preparation of a 30 year old patientwith portal hypertension scheduled for LR shunts (June 2009).

5. A 40 year old patient with portal hypertension is scheduled for lieno renal

shunt. Outline the pre-operative evaluation, preparation and anaesthetic man-

agement of this patient (June 2010). {Pg 265-270-Stoelting]


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1. Anaesthetic considerations in Chronic liver Failure (Dec 2005).

2. A patient with obstructive jaundice (Serum bilirubin 20 mg %) is posted for

Whipples procedure. Discuss preoperative evaluation and anaesthetic man-

agement of this case (Dec 2006).

3. Describe the risk stratification of a patient with deranged liver functions

scheduled for partial liver resection (Dec 2009).

4. Enumerate the functions of liver. Discuss the anaesthetic implications in a

patient with cirrhosis and ascites (Dec 2011)

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67) Anaesthesia for Organ Transplantation.RENAL TRANSPLANT

1. How do you plan for renal transplant surgery? Draw plan for an operation

theatre exclusively for renal transplant surgery (1996-2000).

2. Pre-operative evaluation of a case with CRF posted for renal transplant

(Dec2002).

3. A 35 year old patient of chronic renal failure is scheduled for renal trans-plant. Discuss the anaesthetic management (Dec 2006).

4. What are the anaesthetic implications in a patient with a transplanted kidney

posted for incidental elective surgery (Dec 2008). [Pg 2166-Miller]

5. Discuss the preoperative evaluation, preparation and anaesthetic manage-

ment of a patient with transplanted kidney presenting for incidental elective

surgery (June 2011).

L I VER TRANSPLANT

1. Anaesthetic problems of liver transplantation surgery (June 2005).


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HEART TRANSPLANT

1. A patient who has undergone heart transplant requires non cardiac surgery.

What precautions must be undertaken by an anaesthetic for surgery (Dec 2005).

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DNB QUESTION PAPER-Topic Wise(Author Dr.sirisha)

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Transcript of DNB QUESTION PAPER-Topic Wise(Author Dr.sirisha)