DNA
description
Transcript of DNA
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DNABlueprint of life
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DNA - DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC
ACID
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DNA contains the code, or instructions for building an organism and ensuring that
organism functions correctly. Just like a builder uses a blueprint to build a house,
DNA is used as the blueprint, or plans, for the entire
organism.
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It is the chemical component of
chromosomes, which are located in the nucleus of every cell. Stretches of DNA (or stretches of
chromosomes) code for genes.
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a Gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a protein, which in turn codes for a trait (skin
tone, eye color, etc…).
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The shape of the DNA molecule is a double-helix. The sides of the ladder are
composed of alternating sugars (deoxyribose) and
phosphates. The rungs of the ladder are composed of
nucleotides.
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Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
Nucleotides pair in a specific way - called the
Base-Pair Rule
Adenine pairs to ThymineGuanine pairs to Cytosine
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It takes about eight hours for one of your cells to
completely copy its DNA.
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If you were to stretch out the DNA from those 46 chromosomes in one
cell and lay it end to end, it would be over 2
yards in length.
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If you were to start reciting the order of the ATCGs in
your DNA tomorrow morning, at a rate of 100 each minute, 57 years would pass before you
reached the end (provided that you did not stop to eat,
drink, sleep, use the bathroom etc.)
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You could fit one million threads of DNA across the period at the end of
this sentence.
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Humans are 99.9% genetically identical –
only 0.1% of our genetic make-up differs.
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Less than 2% of the total DNA carries instructions to make proteins. The
rest is misleadingly called ‘junk’ DNA, because it is
a hodge-podge of sequences that does not
seem to code for anything
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Our genes are remarkably similar to those of other life
forms. For example, we share 98% of our genes with chimpanzees, 90%
with mice, 85% with zebra fish, 21% with worms, and 7% with a simple bacterium
such as E. coli.
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If the total DNA in one person were laid in a straight line, it would
stretch to the sun and back over 30 times (it’s
93 million miles from here to the sun)
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If the genome was a book, it would be the equivalent of
800 dictionaries.
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It would take a person typing 60 words per minute, eight hours a day, around
50 years to type the human genome. You would need 3 gigabytes of storage space on a computer to hold all of
this
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It takes about eight hours for one of your cells to
completely copy its DNA.
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If you were to stretch out the DNA from those 46 chromosomes in one
cell and lay it end to end, it would be over 2
yards in length.
![Page 27: DNA](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e70550346895da88306/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
If you were to start reciting the order of the ATCGs in
your DNA tomorrow morning, at a rate of 100 each minute, 57 years would pass before you
reached the end (provided that you did not stop to eat,
drink, sleep, use the bathroom etc.)
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You could fit one million threads of DNA across the period at the end of
this sentence.
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Humans are 99.9% genetically identical –
only 0.1% of our genetic make-up differs.
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Less than 2% of the total DNA carries instructions to make proteins. The
rest is misleadingly called ‘junk’ DNA, because it is
a hodge-podge of sequences that does not
seem to code for anything
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Our genes are remarkably similar to those of other life
forms. For example, we share 98% of our genes with chimpanzees, 90%
with mice, 85% with zebra fish, 21% with worms, and 7% with a simple bacterium
such as E. coli.
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If the total DNA in one person were laid in a straight line, it would
stretch to the sun and back over 30 times (it’s
93 million miles from here to the sun)
![Page 36: DNA](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e70550346895da88306/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
If the genome was a book, it would be the equivalent of 800
dictionaries. It would take a person typing 60 words per minute, eight hours a day,
around 50 years to type the human genome. You would need 3 gigabytes of storage
space on a computer to hold all of this
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