DNA Technology Chapter 13 Lab Biology Genetically Modified Organisms Modified genome of an organism...
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Transcript of DNA Technology Chapter 13 Lab Biology Genetically Modified Organisms Modified genome of an organism...
![Page 1: DNA Technology Chapter 13 Lab Biology Genetically Modified Organisms Modified genome of an organism ▫Takes DNA from multiple sources and combine them.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649f4f5503460f94c71aed/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
DNA TechnologyChapter 13Lab Biology
![Page 2: DNA Technology Chapter 13 Lab Biology Genetically Modified Organisms Modified genome of an organism ▫Takes DNA from multiple sources and combine them.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649f4f5503460f94c71aed/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Genetically Modified Organisms•Modified genome of an organism
▫Takes DNA from multiple sources and combine them to form a new genome DNA from same species DNA from different species- Transgenic
organisms
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Crops that
•Do NOT need fertilizer
•Disease resistant plants
•Insect resistance
•Herbicide resistant
•Salt-tolerant plants
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See the hornworm beginning to form at the leaves!
![Page 5: DNA Technology Chapter 13 Lab Biology Genetically Modified Organisms Modified genome of an organism ▫Takes DNA from multiple sources and combine them.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649f4f5503460f94c71aed/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
This hornworm eats and destroys the tomato plant!
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Hornworms attack tomato and tobacco plants
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Golden Rice• Insertion of genes
(Recombinant DNA) -produce a precursor of vitamin A
•Helps areas where there is a shortage of dietary vitamin A Golden
riceWhite rice
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Dangers of GMO’s
•Unexpected allergies
•Introduction of new genes to a population▫SUPER
WEEDS•Creation of
invasive species
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DNA Fingerprints
•I. DNA Fingerprints pattern of bands made up of specific fragments from an individual’s DNA
•USED FOR:▫DETECTION OF A RELATIVE▫SIMILARITIES BETWEEN SPECIES
▫FORENSICS
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Forensics- DNA fingerprinting
•VNTR- Variable number
tandem repeats
•Show variations in length
between individuals
•Can be compared with
DNA databases (CODIS)
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How do you make DNA fingerprints?
•RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) analysis▫1. extract DNA from specimen using
restriction enzymes▫2. separate fragments of DNA using
electrophoresis (separates DNA according to size and charge)
▫3. placed in wells made on gel and run electric current through gel
▫4. blotted onto filter paper/ photgraphic film.
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• Electrophoresis “electro” = electricity “phoros” = to carry across
• Determine the genetic differences and the
evolutionary relationship among species of
organisms
• Method that separates on basis of size, electric
charge and other physical properties
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Can you tell who could be the father? Circle matching DNA bands
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Are you related? Linkage analysis
•A mother, father, and their four “children”
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Accuracy of DNA Fingerprints•DNA fingerprints are very accurate
•However, genetic tests can only absolutely disprove, not prove, relationship!
•Courts accept 99.5% accuracy as proof of alleged paternity
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Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
•Used when you only have a TINY piece
of DNA
•Quickly make many copies of selected
segments of the available DNA
•Use a PRIMER to initiate replication
•DNA doubles every 5 minutes
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PCR is used for:•1. Forensics▫increased the amount of DNA evidence for testing
•2. Diagnosing genetic disorders
•3. Studying ancient fragments of DNA (tiny amounts)
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Vaccines
• Used to improve immunity
against certain diseases
• Present- Uses weakened or
dead versions of the
microorganism
▫Risk of the body not being
able to handle the infection
▫Risk of dead organisms
reviving
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DNA Vaccines
•Future- DNA vaccines- using specific parts of DNA that code for antigens ▫No risk of infection
Avian flu- virus
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Cloning
• Growing a population of genetically identical cells from a single cell.
• 1997 - Ian Wilmut with Dolly, the cloned sheep
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Uses• Cloning can be used to test for
genetic diseases
• Regenerate nerves or spinal cord
tissue
• Help in plastic surgery
• Clone organs for transplantation
• Grow skin grafts for burn victims
• Manufacture bone, fat, and
cartilage
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Ethical Issues
What are the implications of cloning?How will cloning affect the medical field?
What will be the effect on the gene pool?
Is there potential for abuse?How should it be regulated?Would you consider cloning yourself?
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Stem Cells
•Self renewing-regenerate•Multi-potency- can become many different
types of cells
•Uses▫Basic Knowledge of Human Development▫Models of Human Disease▫Transplantation-Cell Replacement ▫Drug Development ▫Organogenesis