DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis
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Transcript of DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis
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DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis
The Beginning….
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All living things are made of-
Water (an inorganic compound) Other inorganic compounds
(mostly salts) Organic Compounds: {contain carbon and
hydrogen}
Carbohydrates Lipids(fats) Proteins* Nucleic Acids*
*These are what we’ll talk about today
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When we look at a living thing,
What we see is mostly PROTEIN- So, how does an organism produce
its particular protein? As in, people protein vs tree
protein?
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The answer is DNA!
The species-particular DNA sequences produce the species-particular proteins
GENES code for proteins GENES are long strands of DNA on
chromosomes
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What is DNA?
DNA is the genetic code, Instructions for heredity, Components of genes, Director of protein synthesis
AND-
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DNA is also
A type of nucleic acid A type of organic compound A polymer {a compound made of
repeating subunits}
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WHAT DOES “DNA” STAND FOR?
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DNA’s proper name is-
Deoxyribonucleic acid! Consists of a ribose SUGAR with a
“missing oxygen” (that’s the de-oxy part)
And it’s found in the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms
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How does DNA code for protein synthesis?
First-what is “protein synthesis”? It’s building, or assembling, a
protein molecule from amino acids Amino acids are smaller molecules
found in the food we eat or produced in our cells
It happens at the ribosomes
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DNA and protein synthesis, then, happens
this way: 1. DNA sequence codes (how
letters are put together) produce messenger RNA sequence codes
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2. The messenger RNA leaves the nucleus and attaches to a ribosome in the cytoplasm
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3. Transfer RNA brings amino acids to the ribosome to match the sequence codes
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At the ribosome,
Amino acids bond together and form polypeptides,
Which bond together to make proteins Some examples of proteins are:
Melanin, the pigment that gives our skin color
Enzymes, the catalysts that help digest our food
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Well, that clears it up!
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Structure of DNA
A nucleotide of DNA is the base unit
A nucleotide consists of a phosphate, a sugar, and a nitrogen base
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DNA is in a double strand
The nitrogen bases have compliment partners
Adenine-Thymine
Cytosine-Guanine
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Just a note about RNA-
RNA is single-stranded and acts as a code for protein synthesis.
RNA is still made of nucleotides that have a phosphate, a sugar, and a nitrogen base
The sugar is different and the base-pairing is also different