DNA review
-
Upload
mrscartershs -
Category
Education
-
view
31 -
download
2
Transcript of DNA review
![Page 1: DNA review](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032422/55a8edd81a28abb32b8b480e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Biology and DNA Review
Honors Human
Anatomy and Physiology
![Page 2: DNA review](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032422/55a8edd81a28abb32b8b480e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Organic Chemistry
4 major types of organic compounds (“molecules of life”)–Carbohydrates
–Lipids
–Nucleic acids
–Proteins
![Page 3: DNA review](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032422/55a8edd81a28abb32b8b480e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Big Picture…
![Page 4: DNA review](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032422/55a8edd81a28abb32b8b480e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
DNA
Nucleic Acid– Contains hereditary information– protein made when DNA is expressed
• Hair color, eye color, tissues, enzymes, etc
Deoxyribonucleic acid– Monomer = nucleotide
• Sugar (ribose), phosphate, nitrogenous base
![Page 5: DNA review](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032422/55a8edd81a28abb32b8b480e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Nucleotide
![Page 6: DNA review](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032422/55a8edd81a28abb32b8b480e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Structure of DNA
Double Helix
– Sugar-Phosphate Backbone
– Nitrogenous base “rungs”
![Page 7: DNA review](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032422/55a8edd81a28abb32b8b480e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
DNA to Protein – 2 steps
Transcription– DNA --> RNA– Complementary base pairing rules (uracil
instead of thymine)– nucleus
Translation– RNA-->protein– Genetic code– ribosomes
![Page 8: DNA review](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032422/55a8edd81a28abb32b8b480e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Genes and Proteins
Genes = specific sequences of DNA that “code” for a particular proteinProteins are built by stringing together amino acids–Amino acid = building block (monomer)
of proteins.–Where do amino acids come from?
![Page 9: DNA review](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032422/55a8edd81a28abb32b8b480e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: DNA review](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032422/55a8edd81a28abb32b8b480e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: DNA review](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032422/55a8edd81a28abb32b8b480e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Why do we need this in Human Phys?
Mutations (mistakes) in DNA sometimes result in non-functioning or malfunctioning proteinsGenetic diseases or disorders may result.
![Page 12: DNA review](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032422/55a8edd81a28abb32b8b480e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
DNA technology
Gene therapy/genetic counseling
Genetic diagnostics
![Page 13: DNA review](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032422/55a8edd81a28abb32b8b480e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Don’t Forget About the Cell!
![Page 14: DNA review](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032422/55a8edd81a28abb32b8b480e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Multicellular Organisms
Cells are specialized to perform particular functions.– One cell in a multicellular organism can
not do all of the functions of the whole organism.
– Cells work as “teams.”– Some cells move, react to the
environment, produce substances, transport substances, send signals, provide protection…
![Page 15: DNA review](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032422/55a8edd81a28abb32b8b480e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Specialized cells
Cell with specific function = specific organelles to accomplish that function– Example: Pancreatic cells produce
enzymes to help digest food.• What kind of molecule are enzymes?• What organelles do you think pancreatic
cells have a lot of?
![Page 16: DNA review](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032422/55a8edd81a28abb32b8b480e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Examples
Skin cells
Nerve cells
Muscle cells
Blood cells
![Page 17: DNA review](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032422/55a8edd81a28abb32b8b480e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Hierarchy of the Body
Atom
Molecule
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ system
Organism (Human)