DNA Review. What are the monomers of DNA? Nucleotides made of: Deoxyribose Phosphate A nitrogenous...
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Transcript of DNA Review. What are the monomers of DNA? Nucleotides made of: Deoxyribose Phosphate A nitrogenous...
DNA Review
• What are the monomers of DNA?
• Nucleotides made of:• Deoxyribose• Phosphate• A nitrogenous bases(A,T,C,G)
• Describe what the DNA looks like.
• It is a double stranded helix. It looks like a twisted ladder. The genes are the “rungs” and the sides of the ladder are alternating sugar and phosphate.
• What makes an RNA different from a DNA?
• It is single stranded and has Ribose for its sugar. The Thymine base is substituted for Uracil.
How was Griffith’s experiment important to the discovery of DNA?
• He used heat killed virulent and harmless bacteria in mice to prove transformation of DNA from one cell to another.
• How was the bacteriophage used in the discovery of DNA?
• Hershey and Chase labeled the DNA with radioactive sulfur and phosphorus. The DNA transformed with phosphorus.
• If a DNA molecule is:• CGG AGT CAG• What is the mRNA?
• GCC UCA GUC
• What is the making of a mRNA called?
• transcription
• If a mRNA is:• UGC UAA CAC• What is the tRNA?
• ACG AUU GUG
• Every group of three bases on a mRNA is called a ___________________.
• Every group of three bases on the tRNA is called a ______________.
• Anticodon
• What does the tRNA drop off at the ribosome when it complimentarily matches with the codon?
• A specific amino acid.
• If one base on the mRNA is missing what is that called?
• A deletion.• This will cause a ______________.
• frameshift
• The mRNA codon for stop is UGA. How could that be a problem if it is in the middle of the mRNA code?
• The protein will not be made correctly. It is called a nonsense mutation.
• If a base gets substituted will it matter?
• It will matter only if a different amino acid is brought to the ribosome. It will not matter if the substitution is silent.
• If the mRNA:• CGA UUG• Becomes • CGA GUU• What is this called?
• An inversion.
• If the mRNA:• UGU CGC• Becomes:• UGU UGU CGU• What is this called?
• A duplication mutation
• Name a disease that is caused by mutation
• Sickle celled anemia• Cytstic fibrosis• Huntington’s Disease• Tay Sachs• Down’s Syndrome
• Which disease is also known as Nondisjunction?
• Down’s Syndrome
• The process of making a protein at the ribosome is called____________.
• translation
• What is the role of mRNA?
• To take a code from the “boss” known as DNA out to the ribosome to eventually make a protein.
• What is the role of the tRNA?
• To match up the code from the mRNA and to bring the corresponding matching amino acid.
• What is the role of the ribosome?
• It is the site at which the rRNA will help assemble the amino acids into a protein.
• What is the promoter and the terminator
• They start and stop the message.
• What is a point mutation?
• Either a deletion, insertion or a substitution at one spot in the message.
• What are mutagens?
• Anything that can damage DNA, UV and x-ray radiation, chemicals.
• Where does translation take place?
• The ribosomes