DNA Rep & Protein Syn

1928 – Griffith Transformation Experiment

1941-Avery, McCarty, MacLeod

1952-Hershey & Chase

1952-Rosalind Franklin

1953-Watson & Crick

Chromosomes, DNA, and Genes

DNA Structure

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Double Helix

Made of nucleotidesPentose Sugar (deoxyribose)

Phosphate

Nitrogenous BaseA-T / C-G

Nucleotide

Nitrogenous Bases

Base Pairing

DNA is AntiParallel

DNA is still AntiParallel

How?

Possible Models for DNA Replication

Step 1

Step 2

DNA Replication Animation

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=swf::535::535::/sites/dl/free/0072437316/120076/micro04.swf::DNA%20Replication%20Fork

Think About It

If your DNA has 6 billion base pairs and generally there is one mistake made for every 100,000bp that are copied during replication, how many errors should result each time you copied your DNA?

How many errors result in reality?

Why?

Protein Synthesis Overview

RNA Structure

Ribonucleic Acid

Single Strand of nucleotides

Pentose Sugar (ribose)

Phosphate

Nitrogenous BaseA-U / C-G

RNA Nucleotide

3 Types of RNAmRNA, tRNA, rRNA

Protein Synthesis

Step 1 – Transcription

Step 2 – Translation

Transcription

Definition

RNA Polymerase

DNA Terminator

5’ Cap

Poly – A Tail

Transcription Animation

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter3/animation__mrna_synthesis__transcription___quiz_2_.html

mRNA Processing

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/9834092339/student_view0/chapter16/animation_-_exon_shuffling.html

Translation

Definition

mRNA Codons

thedogbitthecatforfun

the dog bit the cat for fun

aug uuu cgc ggg cua aga uaa

tRNA

Ribosome

Codons

Codons

Translation Animation

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072943696/student_view0/chapter3/animation__how_translation_works.html

Protein Folding

Protein Processing

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072943696/student_view0/chapter2/animation__protein_denaturation.html

Gene Regulation

Repressible Operon – trp Operon

Inducible Operon – lac Operon

trp Operon

lac Operon

cAMP & lac Operon

lac Operon Animation

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/007337797x/student_view0/chapter13/animation_quiz_-_combination_of_switches__the_lac_operon.html