Protein Synthesis

DNADouble strandedComplimentaryComposed of

Nucleotides

DNA replicationDNA Helicase – breaks

hydrogen bonds holding complimentary strands together

Forms replication fork Leading strandLagging strand

DNA ReplicationDNA is read 5’ to 3’

Leading Stand

Helicase -> RNA pimase -> DNA polymerase

Lagging Stands

Helicase -> RNA primase -> DNA polymerase -> okazaki fragments -> DNA polymerase cleans up RNA primase strand -> DNA ligase

MovieReplication

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072943696/student_view0/chapter3/animation__dna_replication__quiz_1_.html

http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/dna-replication-advanced-detail

Protein Synthesis 2 parts

Transcription To copy segment of

DNATranslation

To translate the language of nitrogenous bases into amino acids

RNA vs. DNADifference between mRNA and DNA

Single stranded vs. Double stranded The sugar has an extra oxygen, ribose vs.

deoxyribose Uses uricil “U” instead of thymine

TranscriptionProduction of mRNA

RNA primase binds to DNA at a promoter region

RNA polymerase adds bases copying the gene

MovieTranscription

http://www.dnalc.org/resources/3d/13-transcription-advanced.html

PackagedmRNA is processed to leave the nucleus

Extras are cut out Splicosomes

Introns Exons

Poly-A tail 5’ cap

TranslationmRNA has left the nucleus.Binds with ribosomemRNA -> tRNA -> amino acids -> folded

proteins

What’s the Problem?mRNA

UGGCUUGCAUGCCGGAGUCCACGUAAUCA

Into Amino acids

AUCG

Amino Acids

TranslationtRNA consists of a

Anticodon – 3 bases that match codonAmino acid

Codon – 3 base sequence on mRNA

TranslationmRNA -> tRNA -> amino acids -> proteins

TranslationmRNA

UGGCUUGCAUGCCGGAGUCCACGUAAUCA

MovieTranslation

http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/translation-basic-detail