DNA Chapter 12. DNA DeoxyriboNucleic Acid Sugar = deoxyribose Adenine + Thymine Guanine + Cytosine...
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Transcript of DNA Chapter 12. DNA DeoxyriboNucleic Acid Sugar = deoxyribose Adenine + Thymine Guanine + Cytosine...
![Page 1: DNA Chapter 12. DNA DeoxyriboNucleic Acid Sugar = deoxyribose Adenine + Thymine Guanine + Cytosine Double-stranded helix with alternating sugars and phosphate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081811/56649ee45503460f94bf3141/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
DNA
Chapter 12
![Page 2: DNA Chapter 12. DNA DeoxyriboNucleic Acid Sugar = deoxyribose Adenine + Thymine Guanine + Cytosine Double-stranded helix with alternating sugars and phosphate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081811/56649ee45503460f94bf3141/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
DNA• DeoxyriboNucleic Acid• Sugar = deoxyribose• Adenine + Thymine• Guanine + Cytosine• Double-stranded helix with alternating
sugars and phosphate groups• Only found in the nucleus
![Page 3: DNA Chapter 12. DNA DeoxyriboNucleic Acid Sugar = deoxyribose Adenine + Thymine Guanine + Cytosine Double-stranded helix with alternating sugars and phosphate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081811/56649ee45503460f94bf3141/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
DNA Replication• Takes place in nucleus
• Uses enzyme polymerase
• Separates double-strand….produces two single strands
• Complimentary strands are made using the original DNA strands as templates
• A + T, C + G
![Page 4: DNA Chapter 12. DNA DeoxyriboNucleic Acid Sugar = deoxyribose Adenine + Thymine Guanine + Cytosine Double-stranded helix with alternating sugars and phosphate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081811/56649ee45503460f94bf3141/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Transcription
• RNA Polymerase – separates complimentary DNA and original strand
• Complimentary strand is used as a template to make an RNA strand...Uracil replaces thymine
• DNA-GCATTAGC = • RNA-CGUAAUCG
![Page 5: DNA Chapter 12. DNA DeoxyriboNucleic Acid Sugar = deoxyribose Adenine + Thymine Guanine + Cytosine Double-stranded helix with alternating sugars and phosphate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081811/56649ee45503460f94bf3141/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
RNA
• RiboNucleic Acid• Sugar = ribose• Single-stranded• Uracil + Adenine
–(There is NO thymine in RNA)• Cytosine + Guanine • Found in nucleus and outside nucleus
![Page 6: DNA Chapter 12. DNA DeoxyriboNucleic Acid Sugar = deoxyribose Adenine + Thymine Guanine + Cytosine Double-stranded helix with alternating sugars and phosphate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081811/56649ee45503460f94bf3141/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
mRNA• Messenger RNA (carries a message)• Made during transcription inside
nucleus• Thymine is replaced with uracil in order
to fit outside the nuclear membrane• mRNA carries a message out the
nucleus to the ribosomes, where it is called rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
![Page 7: DNA Chapter 12. DNA DeoxyriboNucleic Acid Sugar = deoxyribose Adenine + Thymine Guanine + Cytosine Double-stranded helix with alternating sugars and phosphate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081811/56649ee45503460f94bf3141/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Translation
• In ribosomes…where proteins are made• Codon – group of 3 bases (AAT) that is found
on the rRNA…every 3 bases acts as a codon• A tRNA (transfer RNA) carries an amino
acid…tRNA are groups of three bases…this is called an anti-codon.
• An anticodon fits into specific codons that match the base sequences and brings along specific amino acids
![Page 8: DNA Chapter 12. DNA DeoxyriboNucleic Acid Sugar = deoxyribose Adenine + Thymine Guanine + Cytosine Double-stranded helix with alternating sugars and phosphate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081811/56649ee45503460f94bf3141/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Protein Synthesis
• The amino acids bond together with peptide bonds
• Amino acids are the building blocks of all proteins
• Every variety of amino acids codes for a different trait
• If the order of bases gets mixed up, the codon will change, changing the matching anti-codon, changing the amino acid, changing the protein it codes for, changing the trait