DNA barcoding and ecological survey of the ants of Iguazú ... · •Iguazú National Park is a...
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Acknowledgments: DNA barcoding and ecological survey of the ants of Iguazú National Park: Looking at the tip of the iceberg in a biodiversity hotspot. Priscila E. Hanisch 1* , Pablo D. Lavinia 1 , Andrew V. Suarez 2 , Dario A. Lijtmaer 1 , Maurice Leponce 3 , Carolina I. Paris 4 & Pablo L. Tubaro 1 806 1 Museo Argentino de Cs Naturales ‘‘Bernardino Rivadavia’’; MACN-CONICET, Bs As, Argentina. [email protected] 2 Department of Entomology and Department of Animal Biology, University of Illinois; 3 Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecology unit, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels; 4 Departamento Ecología Genérica y Evolución, Universidad de Buenos Aires We knew that: • Ants are an important component of terrestrial ecosystems. • Iguazú National Park is a 67,000 ha protected area at the southern extent of the Atlantic Forest where ants have been understudied. Methodology: We wanted to know: • How many species live in Iguazú National Park? • Is the ant community structured according to the different soil microhabitats of the area? • Which are the dominant ant species in INP? Leaf-litter – Litter samples (118) Surface – Pitfall traps (78) and surface baits (228) 12 cm underground – Subterranean baits (57) We used three different clustering algorithms (ABGD, TCS and RESL) to estimate the number of putative species. Results: NMDS ordination of the ants collected by 29 Pitfall traps, 27 Litter samples, 60 surface baits and 56 subterranean baits. Stress= 0.20. (ANOSIM, R = 0.40, p = 0.0001). NJ tree for 312 obtained sequences. Eleven species were split into 2 or more genetic clusters and two species were merged into a single hypothetical species by the 3 methodologies: RESL (circles), TCS (squares) and ABGD (stars). INP Occurrence of ant species at three different moments of the day in 60 surface baits. The number and composition of species did not vary among day times (LMMs; F = 2.49, P = 0.09; NMDS, followed by ANOSIM; R = m -0.0006, P = 0.49) Currently, 257 ant species can be found in Iguazú, but according to our estimations, this diversity could be between 6% and 10% higher. You can find an updated checklist on BOLD (CL-INPA). Half of the species were captured with only one of the methodologies, suggesting a microhabitat specialization of ant species. Surprisingly, the two largest species (Dinoponera australis and Pachycondyla striata) were the most common ants (both at surface baits and pitfalls). Barcode gap analysis for 65 species with more than 2 sequences. Vertical and horizontal dashed lines correspond to the 95% percentile of all intraspecific distances (5.75%) and the lower 5% of congeneric distances respectively. Points below the diagonal correspond to Ectatomma edentatum and Neoponera crenata. Number of putative species obtained for each clustering delimitation methodology. The dashed line represents the number of recognized species based on morphology (124). Argentina Paraguay Brazil + Hand-collecting events (348) Ants were identified to species or morphospecies. 623 specimens from 182 species were processed for DNA barcoding. Occurrence-based rarefaction of species richness with 95% confidence intervals. Inner figure shows the richness (size of the circles) and shared species across methodologies (width of the arches). 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 15 20 Distance to the closest non- conspecific (%, K2P) Maximum intraspecific distance (%, K2P) 125 132 135 136 137 115 120 125 130 135 140 ABGD initial ABGD recursive P = 1.29% ABGD recursive P = 0.28% TCS 95% RESL MOTUs count MOTUs delineation method CL-INPA Our article is out!
Transcript of DNA barcoding and ecological survey of the ants of Iguazú ... · •Iguazú National Park is a...
Acknowledgments:
DNA barcoding and ecological survey of the ants of Iguazú National Park:
Looking at the tip of the iceberg in a biodiversity hotspot.
Priscila E. Hanisch1*, Pablo D. Lavinia1, Andrew V. Suarez2, Dario A. Lijtmaer1, Maurice Leponce3, Carolina I. Paris4 & Pablo L. Tubaro1
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1Museo Argentino de Cs Naturales ‘‘Bernardino Rivadavia’’; MACN-CONICET, Bs As, Argentina. [email protected] 2Department of Entomology and Department of Animal Biology, University of Illinois; 3Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecology unit, Royal Belgian
Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels; 4Departamento Ecología Genérica y Evolución, Universidad de Buenos Aires
We knew that:
• Ants are an important component of terrestrial ecosystems.
• Iguazú National Park is a 67,000 ha protected area at the southern extent of the Atlantic Forest where ants have been understudied.
Methodology:
We wanted to know:
• How many species live in Iguazú National Park?
• Is the ant community structured according to the different soil microhabitats of the area?
• Which are the dominant ant species in INP?
Leaf-litter – Litter samples ( 118)
Surface – Pitfall traps (78) and surface baits (228)
12 cm underground – Subterranean baits (57) We used three different clustering algorithms
(ABGD, TCS and RESL) to estimate the number of putative species.
Results:
NMDS ordination of the ants collected by 29 Pitfall traps, 27 Litter samples, 60 surface baits and 56 subterranean baits. Stress= 0.20. (ANOSIM, R = 0.40, p = 0.0001).
NJ tree for 312 obtained sequences. Eleven species were split into 2 or more genetic clusters and two species were merged into a single hypothetical species by the 3 methodologies: RESL (circles), TCS (squares) and ABGD (stars).
INP
Occurrence of ant species at three different moments of the day in 60 surface baits. The number and composition of species did not vary among day times (LMMs; F = 2.49, P = 0.09; NMDS, followed by ANOSIM; R = m -0.0006, P = 0.49)
Currently, 257 ant species can be found in Iguazú, but according to our estimations, this diversity could be between 6% and 10% higher. You can find an updated checklist on BOLD (CL-INPA). Half of the species were captured with only one of the methodologies, suggesting a microhabitat specialization of ant species. Surprisingly, the two largest species (Dinoponera australis and Pachycondyla striata) were the most common ants (both at surface baits and pitfalls).
Barcode gap analysis for 65 species with more than 2 sequences. Vertical and horizontal dashed lines correspond to the 95% percentile of all intraspecific distances (5.75%) and the lower 5% of congeneric distances respectively. Points below the diagonal correspond to Ectatomma edentatum and Neoponera crenata.
Number of putative species obtained for each clustering delimitation methodology. The dashed line represents the number of recognized species based on morphology (124).
Argentina
Paraguay
Brazil
+ Hand-collecting events (348)
Ants were identified to species or morphospecies. 623 specimens from 182 species were processed for DNA barcoding.
Occurrence-based rarefaction of species richness with 95% confidence intervals. Inner figure shows the richness (size of the circles) and shared species across methodologies (width of the arches).
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0 5 10 15 20
Dis
tance t
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he c
losest
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conspecif
ic (%
, K
2P)
Maximum intraspecific distance (%, K2P)
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135 136
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ABGD initial ABGD recursiveP = 1.29%
ABGD recursiveP = 0.28%
TCS 95% RESL
MO
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s c
oun
t
MOTUs delineation method
CL-INPA Our article is out!
