DNA and RNA

The Code of Life

The Human Genome Project

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Review/Explain:Types of Nucleic Acids

What are the two types of nuclei acids?

Ribonucleic Acid(RNA) – Single StrandedDeoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)• Double Helix

– (Twisted Ladder)

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DNA

• Deoxyribose Sugar• Base Pairs

A-T G-C

• Phosphate-sugar backbone • Most Importantly---

– Contains the Code for ALL the Proteins in the Body

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RNA

• Ribonucleic Acid

(RNA)• Sugar + Phosphate Backbone

• Differs from DNA

– Single Stranded

– Ribose Sugar

– Base Pairs A-U, G-C– A, U no T’s in RNA

• RNA assists DNA in manufacturing needed proteins

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Questions

• Name one difference between DNA and RNA.– DNA – Double Helix, RNA – Single Stranded– DNA --- A-T, RNA ---A-U– DNA ---Deoxyribose Sugar, RNA---Ribose

• What is a similarity of DNA and RNA?– G binds with C in both DNA and RNA– Both have sugar and phosphate backbone

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Practice

• On your paper, complete the missing DNA strand by adding the complementary bases.

• A T C G T T G C C A T C

• T A G C A A C G G T A G

• Make the complementary RNA strand for the single strand of DNA below:

• A A T C A T C A C G T T

• U U A G U A G U G C A A

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DNA to RNA

• What changes would you have to make to DNA in order to change it into an RNA molecule?

• T - U

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DNA

• What is the Main Job of DNA?• Codes for proteins produced by organisms• What are the basic units or monomers of DNA?• Nucleotides make up DNA.• Where is DNA found? • Mostly in the nucleus of a cell making up

chromosomes.

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RNA

• What is the Main Job of RNA?• It retrieves the protein code from DNA and carry

out the processes needed to produce proteins.• What are the basic units or monomers of DNA?• Nucleotides• Where is RNA found? • It is found both inside and outside of the nucleus.

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