DMS System: System Modeling & Advanced Applications in ... · System Modeling & Advanced...

Dr. Jiyuan Fan

11/17 2009

GE Energy – T&D

DMS System:

System Modeling & Advanced Applications in Smart Grid

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GE / SAS P&L 3YPApril 1, 2008GE Proprietary and Confidential

Src Bus-1 Src Bus-2

DMS: Distribution Substation Circuits

Xfmr-1 Xfmr-2

Fd-1 Fd-k

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M1

M2

M3

M4

L1

L2

L3L4

L5

L6

Br2Br1

Br5Br4

Br3C1

C2

C3

TS1

Fd 1 Fd 2 Fd 3 Fd 4

A Typical Distribution Automation Management System

A Typical DMS Hardware Architecture

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Advanced DMS ApplicationsIVVC à Integrated Volt/Var ControlFDIR à Fault Detection, Isolation, service RestorationTP à Topology ProcessorDPF à Distribution Power FlowSE à State EstimationONR à Optimal Network ReconfigurationLE à Load EstimationCA à Contingency AnalysisSCA à Short Circuit AnalysisRPC à Relay Protection CoordinationDTS à Dispatch Training SimulatorOCP/OVPà Optimal Cap/VR Placement

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Automation Platform

DSOM

IVVC FDIRTP

Advanced DMS System Layout

DPF

CA RPC SCAONR SELEOCP/OVP DTS

Real TimeTelemetry

GISSystems

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DSOM Architecture Hierarchy

System (Company)

Regions

Substations

Circuits/Feeders

Branches Nodes

Line Xfmr SwitchLoad

DGVoltageSource

Overhead LineUnderground Cable

Subst. XfmrVolt-regulator

Breaker/RecloserLine SwitchFuse/Jumper

Cap

Terminals

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Topology Processor (TP)

A Base Function with the Following Features:

•Modeling Switch Configuration in Subs. and Feeder network

•Forming Bus Oriented Network Model for Other APPs.

•Tracing Network Connectivity, Equipments and Paths

•Determining/Coloring Status of Devices, Bus, Island, Loop, etc.

•Detecting Conflicts of Status and Analog Telemetries

•Supporting Intelligent Alarm Processing

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Dispatcher Power Flow (DPF)• Real-Time Analysis and Study Mode Evaluation

• 3-phase unbalanced distribution networks and loads

• Radial and/or meshed distribution networks

• Solves Bus (V, I, P, Q), Branch (I, P, Q, Loss)

• Solution algorithms:

Newton Raphson Method(Expensive, not effective due to high r/x ratio)

Y-Bus Method: (Good for meshed case, inefficient for radial case)

(Determined problem, unknowns=equations)

Forward/Backward Sweeping (Efficient for radial case)

Parallel Calculation (Enhancement for radial case)

Superposition (Efficient for very weakly meshed case)

Combined Y-Bus and F/B Sweeping (Efficient for general)

abcabcabc VYI =

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Integrated Voltage/Var Control (IVVC)

Functional Features & Capabilities :• Minimize Feeder Network Energy Loss

• Maintain Desired Feeder Network Voltage Profiles

• Conservative Voltage Regulation(CVR) for Reduced Load Consumption

• Control Devices:Substation Transformer Taps

Feeder Voltage Regulators

Feeder Capacitor Banks

• Control Constraints:Voltage Hi/Lo operation limits at each node and at any time interval

Loading limit at each line section, switch, VR at any time interval

Number of Cap operation per day

• Solution Algorithms: Non-linear mixed integer programming (NLMIP)

Truncated Dynamic Programming (TDP)

Sequential Committing

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IVVC Objective Functions:

• MWhr management:

Minimize MWhr consumption within voltage and loading limits

• Economic benefit:

Maximize benefits within voltage and loading limits

• Circuit performance:

Minimize losses on distribution feeders close to a given voltage level.

Minimize feeder voltage drop (Flatten feeder voltage profile)

• Grid support:

Request Var support to the grid within voltage limits.

Requested load reduction within voltage limits

• Operation Modes:

Closed loop real time automation control with look-ahead

Advisory/Study analysis with look-ahead for different time frame

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IVVC Control Logic

C11 C12VR1

Feeder Voltage Profile Without IVVC Control

LTC

C13BR1

C21 C22VR2 C23BR2

V0V11 V12 V13

VFeeder voltage profile without cap control

IVVC

V1

V0 V1

Q1

V2

Q2

Cap C11 C12 C13

State Open Open Open

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C11 C12VR1

Feeder Voltage Profile With CVR Contrl in IVVC

LTC

C13BR1

C21 C22VR2 C23BR2

V0V11 V12 V13

V1

Q1

V2

Q2

Feeder voltage profile with cap controlV11 V12V1

V0

V13

Cap C11 C12 C13

State Open Close Open

IVVC Control LogicIVVC

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Fault Detection, Isolation, Restoration (FDIR)Objectives :

Detect and isolate fault in a few seconds

Upstream restoration less than 10 seconds

Downstream restoration less than 30 seconds

• Control Devices:Feeder breaker/recloser

Feeder line sectionalize


Loading limit at each line section, switch, VR at any time interval

• Solution Algorithms:

Heuristic rules and exhaustive search

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FDIR Objectives:

• Restore services as much as possible

Consider load priorities

• Use as less number of sources and switches as possibleUse less number of alternative sources

Use the sources from the same feeder, or same substation first

• Look-ahead for maximum time frameMinimize the chances for reconfiguration within the repairing time

• Minimize economic loss

Minimize feeder line losses wit the new configuration

Maintain healthy voltage profile and load balancing

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Fd-1 Fd-2 Fd-3 Fd-4 Fd-5

S1

S2

S3

S4

FDIR: Outage Example

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S1

S2

S3

S4

FDIR: Outage Example à isolate

Open

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S1

S2

S3

S4

FDIR: Outage Example: isolate

Open

Open

Opened

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S1

S2

S3

S4

FDIR: Outage Example à upstream restore

Close

Opened

Opened

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S1

S2

S3

S4

FDIR: Outage Example à Downstream restore

Open

Opened

Opened

Closed

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S1

S2

S3

S4

FDIR: Outage Example à downstream restore

Fd-6

Close

Open

Open

Closed

Open

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S1

S2

S3

S4

FDIR: Outage Example à downstream restore

Fd-6

Close

Closed

Open

OpenClos

e

Open

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Optimal Network Reconfiguration (ONR)Objectives :

Minimize energy losses on feeder lines (time frame of multiple hours or days)

Balance loads among phases, feeders, substations, transformers

Plan outages for equipment or feeder section maintenance

• Control Devices:Feeder breaker/reclosers

Feeder line sectionalizers


Loading limit at each line section, switch, Xfmr at any time interval


Close-all and open-one-by-one (no explicit migration path)

Single Loop Optimization (improvement at each step, no global vision)

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Single Loop Optimization

1

3

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2019

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9290 88

91 89 87 86

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61 610

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Distribution Contingency Analysis (CA)Objectives :

N-1 Screening for outages on potential devices/segments

Find out the critical outages that could result in key customers out of services

Recommend remedial actions

• Controls:Reconfigure the feeder network

Reduce load, use local resources, etc.


Loading limit at each line section, switch, Xfmr at any time interval


Topology Processing, Load Flow

Network Reconfiguration with reliability objectives included

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•A Data Consolidation Process Take the advantages of sufficient measurement redundancy (M/N > 1.5) Correct data errors due to conflict/incorrect/inaccurate/asynchronous measurements

•Candidate State Variables (independent variables) Bus Voltages, Branch Currents, Nodal Injections (bus voltage is commonly used in EMS)

• Characteristics DPF – N equations, M unknowns (N=M), determined problem (no freedom) OPF – N equations, M unknowns (N < M) under determined problem (with freedom) SE - N equations, M unknowns (N > M) over determined problem (conflicted)

•Solution Algorithms:

Weighted Least Square Method is commonly used

Heuristic Rule based Topology Error Detections

Distribution State Estimation (SE)

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• SE Application to Distribution Systems Radial or weakly meshed networks Distributed load, distributed generation lack of sufficient real time measurements for high redundancy Not widely accepted and rarely used in DMS systems

• Estimate the system operation condition Estimate the current condition from limited measurements Estimate the look-ahead condition for analysis and operation planning Use real-time measurements, AMI data, Load forecasting, etc. Directly estimate individual loads rather than “States”

Reality on Distribution SE

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Distribution Load Estimation (LE)• Objectives Estimate the individual distribution loads at every time interval

Form standard/conforming daily load profiles for each day type

Form non-conforming daily load profiles for individual loads

Use hourly, daily or monthly energy consumption of individual loads

as the relative allocation factor

• Estimate Loads for the current time Use the real time measurements at branch laterals, feeder heads or at

substation levels to estimate the individual loads based on topology connectivity,

individual load profiles and the allocation factors

• Estimate Loads for the look-ahead time frame Use the load forecast at substation, region or system levels to estimate

the individual loads based on configuration regions, individual load

profiles, and the allocation factors

• Challenges

Impacts from massive deployment of Demand Response, Load Management

High penetration of distributed generations from Renewable Resources, HPEV, …

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Short Circuit Analysis (SCA)Objectives :

Calculate network branch currents, bus voltages under faults

Support Real-time and Study mode calculations

• Various Fault Studies:

Short Circuit Faults in three phases to ground, or phase-to-phase

Short Circuit Fault in single/double phase to ground

Line Open Fault in single/double lines

A Fault can be at bus or any point of a line


Full scale network circuit using Y-Bus method

Simplified network circuit via branch aggregation/equivalence

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Relay Protection Coordination (RPC)Objectives :

Coordinate the protections of Feeder CB/Recloser at Feeder head and

Reclosers/Fuses at downstream branches/laterals

Verify/Adjust the coordination before/after feeder reconfiguration

New Challenge: Coordinating protections with DGs/MicroGrids

• Various Fault Studies:

Single/two/three phase faults at various locations

Protection Zones

Impacts from Loads and Asynchronous Induction Motors


Instantaneous trip/Time Inverse Delay

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t

I

Upstream setting

Downstream setting

This setting

Coordination result

This

Up

Down

Relay Protection Coordination

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Dispatcher Training Simulator (DTS)

• Distribution System Simulation (Normal/Faulted): Distribution Substation and Feeder Network Operation

Voltage Sources, Loads (V/F dependent), Caps, Motors, DGs, … Operations

Field Protection Device Operations

Telemetry/Comm/SCADA Operations

Advanced Applications Operations

Trainee/Trainer Operations

Simulated Events/Scenarios

• Model Various Relays: Under/Over Frequency Relays

Under/Over Voltage Relays

Inverse Time Relays (over load)

Auto-reclosure Relays

Synchronous-Check Relay

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Dispatcher Training Simulator (DTS)

• Simulated Event/Scenarios: Switch Device Trip/Close and Out of Service

Set/Clear various Faults

Voltage Source and DG output Adjustments

System wide or individual Loads Adjustments

System Frequency Adjustments

Equipments/Line Sections Out of Service

• System Features: Slow/Normal/Fast Moving Forward

Pause/Rewind/Resume Simulation

Case Creating/Saving/Retrieving

Taking Snapshot of Real-Time System Operation

Replaying Saved Cases and Snapshot Cases

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TopologyProcessor

Volt-Source/Load models

FrequencyModel

DPF/SCASolution

Relay Models

SwitchModels

Power System Model

DMS Platform &SCADA

TelemetrySimulator

DTS CaseSaving &

Retrieving

DMSApps

Trainee Trainer

EventScheduler

SimulationControl

DMS APPs/PlatofrmSCADA

Real-time Operation

Snapshots

Timing

GUI

Real TimeOperator

DTS Logics

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IEEE 123-Bus Distribution Network

1

3

4

5 6

2

7 8

12

1114

10

2019

22

21

1835

37

40

135

33

32

31

2726

25

28

2930

25 0

4847

4950

51

44

45

46

42

43

41

3638

39

66

6564

63

62

6016 0 67

5758

59

54535255 56

13

34

15

16

17

96

95

94

93

15 2

9290 88

91 89 87 86

80

81

8283

84

78

8572

73

74

75

77

79

30 011 1 11 0

108

10 9 10 7

11 2 11 3 11 4

10 5

106

101

10 2

10 3

10 4

450

10 0

97

99

68

69

70

71

19 7

151

15 0

61 610

9

24

23

25 1

19 5

45 1

14 9

35 0

76

98

76

DMS System: System Modeling & Advanced Applications in ... · System Modeling & Advanced...

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