DM Plan Sapahar Upazila Noagaon District_English Version-2014

Preface

Bangladesh is a disaster prone country in the world. Due to Geographical disadvantage, the

environment, losing balance of power, are facing various catastrophe like inundation,

Tornados, drought, Erosion of river, earthquake, various cyclone, fogginess, white squall

and so on. Bangladesh is river mothered country. The erosion of river for over flow of water,

destroy the location of river side and all the inhabitants lose their all sort of livelihood and

livestock and took shelter being pauper in the hovel on the high land or roads. Not only that,

but also, men and industries created catastrophe become the bane for calamity and people use to live in alarming plight. And also, by the horrific effect, all sort of assets, lives,

livelihood, livestock and other resources of the locality may fall in danger. It does not destroy

only the located people, also create obstacle for National and economical resources of the

country. Though it is a disaster prone country but long term Disaster Management plan has not been prepared for saving the human being, their all sort of resources, livelihood, animals

and other asset, rather have been given importance to rehabilitation and on relief. Recently

Government of Bangladesh has taken an initiative on the subject Disaster Management Planning through CDMP 2. To implement the plan in action, primarily has taken an initiative for indication Disaster Risk through conversation with all sorts of local people, Union and Upazila Management Committee. For Preparedness and reducing risk Disaster Management Plan has provided to Sapahar Upazilla by indicating local disaster risks through Disaster Management Plan which will be efficacy for the forthcoming days. At the time to providing the Plan all classes of people like male, female, cultivator, landless

people, aged person, local elite persons, Union and Upazila Disaster Management Committee

Members (UzDMC) were congregated. Locally this conspicuous doings have been done by

the hard toiling of Shushilan Staffs and related analysis individuals. Disaster Management

Committee of Sapahar Upazilla under Naogaon District have provided this plan by efficacy

toiling and restless endeavor. All kinds of important heart rending calamities as, awareness

creation among family members and locality, to take preparation for facing risk would have

to use local recourses, replacement of living assets and people to a safety place, rescue

impediment people, necessary goods indication, and relief distribution have been included

in the Upazila Disaster Management Plan. If that plan come into being all kinds of calamities would be reduce and all sorts of materials of the people would be safe. Not only

that, but also have included preparation before and after disaster, mitigation disaster by

using Local resources, social assets, safety places, indication the causes of disaster, disaster

warning sign, mostly disaster prone location, climate changes and its horrific effect,

development sectors and name of the local volunteers as well as organization.

I am giving thanks from my core of heart to those very persons who have taken part and

have given advice, like all Government and Non-Government Organizations and local

persons to perform the conspicuous act in good manner. I am confident; this Disaster

Management Plan which has prepared by the coherent cooperation of local people, Local

Governances and other local organizations should help to Disaster Management Committee

and other sectors (Government, International and National NGO, as well as Donor) to

perform all acts as a overall plan.

Table of Content

Preface i

Index ii

List of Table iv

List of Figure v

List of Graph v

List of Map v

Chapter one: Introduction to Local Area 1-11

1.1 Background 1

1.2 Objectives of Planning 2

1.3 Introduction to Sapahar Upazilla 2

1.3.1 Geographical Location of Zill/ Upazilla 3

1.3.2 Area of Sapahar Upazilla 3

1.3.3 Demography 5

1.4 Structural and Non-structural Information 5

1.4.1 Infrastructure 5

1.4.2 Social Resource 6

1.4.3 Weather and Climate 8

1.4.4 Others 9

Chapter Two: Disaster, Hazard and Vulnerability 12-28

2.1 History of Disaster 12

2.2 Hazards of the Upazila 13

2.3 Description of Different Types of Hazards with Present and Future

Illustration 13

2.4 Vulnerability and Capability 14

2.5 Most Vulnerable Area 17

2.6 Main Development Sectors 19

2.7 Social Map

21

2.8 Hazard and Risk Map 21

2.9 Seasonal Calendar of Hazard 24

2.10 Seasonal Calendar of Livelihood 25

2.11 Vulnerability on Life and Livelihood 25

2.12 Sector-wise Risk and Hazard 26

2.13 Climate Change and Its Possible Effect 27

Chapter Three: Disaster Risk Reduction 29-45

3.1. Identification of Risk Reason 29

3.2. Ways of Risk Reduction 31

3.3. NGO Development Planning 34

3.4. Disaster Management Action Plan 37

3.4.1. Pre Disaster Preparation 37

3.4.2. During Disaster Preparation 40

3.4.3. Post Disaster Preparation 42

3.4.4. Preparation for Normal Period 44

Chapter Four: Emergency Response 46-60

4.1. Emergency Operation Centre (EOC) 46

4.1.1. Emergency Control Room Management 46

4.2. Planning for Hazard Period 48

4.2.1. Preparing the Volunteers 51

4.2.2. Warning Announcement 51

4.2.3. Measures for Translocating People 51

4.2.4. Rescue and First Aid Service 51

4.2.5. Shelter Management 51

4.2.6. Preparing Boats 52

4.2.7. Measuring the Damage and Need of Disaster and

sending Report 52

4.2.8. Management of Relief Activity 52

4.2.9. Collecting and Preserving Dry Food and Life-

saving Medicines 52

4.2.10. Ailment/ Vaccin for Livestock 52

4.2.11. Arrenging Rehearsals 52

4.2.12. Emergency Control Room Management 53

4.2.13. Shelter Centres/ Safe Places 53

4.3. List and Description of Safe Places of Zilla/ Upazilla 53

4.4. Formation of Shelter Management Committee 54

4.5 List of Resources of Zilla/ Upazilla(usable during disaster) 57

4.6. Finance 57

4.7. Updating and Analizing Work Plan 58

Chapter Five: Rescue and Rehabilitation Plan 61-77

5.1 Damage Assessment 61

5.2 Rapid/ advance recovery 62

5.2 .1 Administrative re-establishment 62

5.2.2 Wreckage Cleaning 62

5.2.3 Resumption of public services 63

5.2.4 Emergency Livelihood Assistance 63

Annex 1 Check List of Emergency Plan Implementation 64

Annex2 Upazila Disaster Management Committee 66

Annex3 List of Upazila Volunteers 68

Annex 4 List of Shelter Management Committee 69

Annex 5 Sapahar Upazila at a glance 71

Annex 6 List of some important Broadcast Programs by Bangladesh Betar 72

Annex 7 Feedback of the Upazila Workshop Institutions 74

Annex 8 List of Educational 76

Annex 9 Hazard Map (Shortage of Rain) 84

Annex 10 Hazard Map (Could wave) 85

Annex 11 Hazard Map (Drought) 86

Annex 12 Hazard Map (Fall of water table) 87

Annex 13 Hazard Map (Flood) 88

Annex 14 Hazard Map (River erosion) 89

Annex 15 Hazard Map (Storm) 90

Annex 16 Risk Map (Could wave) 91

Annex 17 Risk Map (Drought) 92

Annex 18 Risk Map (Fall of Water Table) 93

Annex 19 Risk Map (Flood) (Storm) 94

Annex 20 Risk Map (River Erosion) 95

Annex 21 Risk Map (Shortage of Rain) 96

Annex 22 Risk Map (Storm) 97

List of Table Page

Table1.1: Upazilla Union & Unionwise Name of Mouza 3

Table 1.2: Union basis male, female child, old, Disabled, Households and

voters 5

Table1.3: Maternal and Child Health Care 7

Table2.1: Name of Disaster, Year, Amount of Loss 12

Table2.2 :Hazard & Hazards Identification & priority 13

Table 2.3: Afflictions and Capability 14

Table 2.4: Affliction place, Causes, distressed people.

18

Table2.5: Coordination between development sector and disaster risk reduction 19

Table2.6: Month basis disaster calendar 24

Table2.7: Seasonal calendar of livelihood 25

Table2.8 Vulnerability on Life and Livelihood 26

Table2.9: Sector-wise Risks and Hazards 26

Table2.10: Climate Change and Its Possible Effect 27

Table3.1: Cause of Risk 29

Table3.2 Identification of Ways of Risk Reduction 32

Table3.3: NGOs Development Plan 35

Table3.4: Pre-disaster Management Action Plan 37

Table3.5 During Disaster Preparation Management Action Plan 40

Table3.6: Post Disaster Preparation Management Action Plan 42

Table3.7: Regular Period Preparation Management Action Plan 44

Table4.1:Responsible person of Emergency Operation Center 46

Table4.2: Planning for Hazard Period 48

Table4.3: List and Description of Safe Places of Upazilla 53

Table 4.4 List and Description of Safe Places of Upazilla 56

Table4.5 List of Resources at the Upazilla (usable during disaster) 57

Table4.6: Plan Follow-up Committee contain five member 58

Table4.7: 7-Member Plan Implementation and Management Committee 59

Table5.1:Sector wise Damage Assessment in upzilla 61

Table5.2 Administrative Restoration committee in upzilla level 62

Table5.3: Wreckage Cleaning committee in upzilla level 62

Table5.4 Public Service Resume committee in upzilla level 63

Table5.5 Emergency Livelihood Support committee in upzilla level 63

List of Figure Page

Figure1.1: Sapahar Muktir More, 2014 1

List of Graph

Page

Graph1.1: The Surface Contour Analysis of last 30 years temperature

Upazilla

9

List of Map Page

Map1.1: Map of Sapahar Upazilla 11

Map2.1: Social Map of Sapahar Upazilla 22

Map2.2: Hazard & Risk Map of Sapahar 23

Annex 9 Hazard Map (Shortage of Rain) 84

Annex 10 Hazard Map (Could wave) 85

Annex 11 Hazard Map (Drought) 86

Annex 12 Hazard Map (Fall of water table) 87

Annex 13 Hazard Map (Flood) 88

Annex 14 Hazard Map (River erosion) 89

Annex 15 Hazard Map (Storm) 90

Annex 16 Risk Map (Could wave) 91

Annex 17 Risk Map (Drought) 92

Annex 18 Risk Map (Fall of Water Table) 93

Annex 19 Risk Map (Flood) (Storm) 94

Annex 20 Risk Map (River Erosion) 95

Annex 21 Risk Map (Shortage of Rain) 96

Annex 22 Risk Map (Storm) 97

1

Chapter One

Local Area Information

1.1 Background

Bangladesh is a most disaster-prone countries in the world map. Every District of Bangladesh

is affected by disaster, the sapahar upazila of Naoga disterict is one of them. The main

problems of the upazila is drought and Flood in the Barind areas. There are11upazilas is

Naogaon District, the second smallest upazila is Sapahar. In July 02, 1983, the police satation

is started to promote it to be the standard. There has alleged that the indigenous Santal

community eating snakes for this the area known as Sapahar. Every year, flood has adversed

impact on lives and livelihoods in the sapahar Upazila. Every year, a variety of disasters, but

no such plans at the upazila level were reflected. Disaster management plans is responsible

for overall disaster management in this Sapahar of naogoan district. The joboi bill is situated

in the Sapahar upazila of Naogaon district . This bill is a source of fish production in

Naogaon. Moreover, the most familiar sights in a place of joboi bill. Tourist come in the

sapahar upazila in the monsoon season. Rainfall for the scenic view of the country attracts

many tourists to the region. It is taken directly from the district town Naogaon by bus in the

joboi bill. The poor and helpless people change their socio economic condition through social

forestry in Barind area of noagoan district. The adverse effect of climate changes the poor

and endangers public safety and economic development of the country as well as the

continuation of the Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief 'Comprehensive Disaster

Management Programme (CDMP) as part of the local disaster risk preparedness plan,

designing a versatile pre-decided. The district level disaster management is very important to

reduce the impact of climate change, the future vulnerability and socio-economic

development such as education, health, housing and other infrastructure development and

implementation.

Picture 1.1: Sapahar Muktir More, 2014

2

In this document, the first to third chapter is descript the social, economic, natural and

infrastructure description of outlines the underlying causes and potential effects of climate

change of the Sapahar upazilla, different adaptation strategies to increase the capacity in

disaster management and prevention of the details and the ability to attain a 3-5 year brief

outline a plan of action. In the fourth and fifth chapters is descripted the disaster risk

reduction improving by the implementation of disaster management plan through

development workers, social and political activities and ordinary people to increase

participation in disaster management capacity and to achieve resistance in the outline. The

poor is adverse effects by the disaster, so this document is very important for poor people.

Public Safety and the economic development are continuing process of a country, the

Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief 'Comprehensive Disaster Management

Programme (CDMP) as a part of disaster risk preparedness plan for the local population,

designing a versatile content for disaster management. The district level disaster management

programe is very fruitful for climate change, future vulnerability and socio-economic

development, education, health, housing and other infrastructure development and

implementation of a developing country.

1.2 Main Objectives of the plan

Climate change has the potential to change the type of natural disaster. In order to deal with

climate change in the context of the disaster field present at any effective policy to optimize

the initiative nationally. Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme of the Ministry of

Disaster and Relief (CDMP) to calculate the local population and to reduce the risk in the

hands of a multi-faceted action plan. Under this program, the Government of Bangladesh-

based disaster relief and rehabilitation, long-term risk is the risk that changes in coping

strategies to deal with the main objectives of which are: activities undertaken.

Families and communities about the risks of disaster risk reduction in all forms of

their families and society in ganasacetanata Union Administration, upazilla and

district level administration to devise practical ways.

Through the use of local resources performing and implement development measures,

removal, recovery, having needs, relief and immediate rehabilitation action plan is

locally made and applied in practice.

Strategic document for a specific area and period of time to create.

Disaster Management Committee and the relevant sectors (government, NGO and

donor nations will act as an overall plan.

Planning and implementation of disaster management by providing guidance to its

partners.

Participate in community disaster planning in earnest, effective partnerships

1.3 Introduction

Naogaon district has 11upazilas; the second smallest upazilla is Sapahar. In July 02, 1983, the

police satation is started to promote it to be the standard. There has alleged that the

indigenous Santal community eating snakes for this the area known as Sapahar. North side of

the Upazilla is India, the Patnitala- porasa south and west India. The upazilla is consisted by

3

06 unions and 151 of Mouza. The population of the Sapahar upazilla is 161792 (according to

the Census 2011) and density of population is 588 people per square kilometre.

1.3.1. Geographical Location

Sapahar Upazilla is located 50 1 and 250 13' north latitude and 880-6 'and 880-38'

longitude of east. North side of the Upazilla is India, in the east side Patnitala upazilla south

porasa upazilla and west India. The upazilla is consisted by 06 unions and 151 of Mouza. The

population of the Sapahar upazilla is 161792 (according to the Census 2011) and density of

population is 588 people per square kilometre.Punarbhaba River flows through the Sapahar

upazilla.

1.3.2. Area

According to the census of 2011 the area of Sapahar is 244.49 sq. kilometer. There are 6

unions and 151 mouzas in total.

Table 1.1: Union wise mouza name

Upazilla

name and

GO code

Union

names and

GO code

Union wise mouza name

Sapahar(86)

Sapahar

(71)

Agartala, majidapara, balukadana, badiyapura, bahapura, big

Mirzapur, phakirapara, katapara, gamjapukuriya, baidyapura

Mirzapur, rasuladana, bidiyanandi, purbapara, himalapara,

palapara, binodapara, Binodpur, tolapara, dhabaladana,

Dharmapur, Jaipur, palapara, gucchagrama, karaladana, Okay

laid, gamjakuri, tenarakuri, umcadana, Khidirpur, baunapara,

ksudraranali, pakarahara, katipura, ksudraramabari,

laksmipura, madanasim, manikura, Betul, Madhya Pradesh,

gucchagrama, piculi, naodana, Madhyapara, mulapara,

sinahara, the situation in the Southern neighborhood, Saidpur,

Sapahar, caudhuripara, Sapahar Bazaar, danyipara, Sahapara,

kandara laid, suddhacaripara, tajapura, teghariya, tulasipara,

Their laid. = 58 The total number of acres.

Tilna(94)

Anathapura, babupura, duyanipara, badyamadama,

baduparaila, baghamari, barado-fiber, behetara, Godagari, Laks

tenatuliya, cacahara, cakagopala, candura, damaila, Damdama,

Deopara, De 'Fuzz, dokuri, gotapara, Haripur, Hosenadana,

ilimapura, Jamalpur, jinarapura, malatipura, mamuriya,

Narayanpur, oranapura, maradana, podalapara, siuli, sinapara,

sundara, tilana, canakuri, dighipara, melapara, sutarapara,

khomcapara, boramapara, dhanatipara, hindupara, komcapara,

4

Upazilla

name and

GO code

Union

names and

GO code

Union wise mouza name

ucalapara, uttarakalapara . = 45 The total number of acres.

Goala(39)

The old model, the old Aladin, alinagara, bring flowers, , bring

flowers, triad laid, laid up, poor appearance, Beldanga,

daksinabelagana, Beldanga, belagana, bhikana, Birampur,

plaza, look, look, South kacakuliya, phayajullahapura,

dairyman, kadamadana , laksmitala, mandalapara, kharibona,

hapaniya, andharadighi, siyalamara, hujarapura, kahenda,

kaibartagrama, kamasapura, khottapara, kocakuruliya,

krsnasada, maipura, mirapara, Nishchintopur, ramanandabati,

rodagrama. Senapura, sridharabari. = 41 The total number of

acres.

Aihai (17)

East neighborhood, collar neighborhood, Dighi neighborhood,

central neighborhood, the South neighborhood, baghapukura,

basunda, Mullah laid, laid in earth, laid katani, South laid, laid

thinker, thinker, laid, laid Okay, asaranda, North parahamsa

ponds, chatahara, chatahara, samotalapara, cakacandi,

gauripur, sarakarapara, West neighborhood, Kalyanpur,

bholakidana, khalishpur, kucinadrari, madhuli, malipura, the

answer lay, lay in the middle, manraila, Mirzapur, naopara,

naopara, jorapukura, paharapukura, Rasulpur, khala ponds,

Dakshin, thakurapara, Madhyapara, purbapara, sarali, badiya

laid, sukaraila, sundaraila, the answer lay, laid Ghosh. = 49

The total number of acres.

Patari (63)

Workshop adatala, baikunthapura, baikunthapura adatala,

baikuntha jalasukha, baikuntha kaoyabaiyasa, baikuntha

haripala, Beldanga kuramadana, kuramadana, kariyapara,

patari, puramaidana, ramasrama, ranamatiya, tilani. The total

number of acres = 15.

Shironti

(79)

Gopalpur, Islampur, bakharapura, batakara, view, biniyakuri,

erenda, sacrifice, kaikuri, kasitara, kherunda, khanjapura,

kucinda, lalacanda, parasaila, ramaramapura, Raipur,

sahadalapara, siranti, sitaladabaga, Tait, umaila. X = the total

number of acres.

Source: BBS, 2011

5

1.3.3 Population

According to the population census of the year 2011, total population of the upazilla 161792

people, 81304 in men and women 80488, ratio of the population 1: 1.16 and the population

density are 662 per square kilometer. Muslim population of the upazilla is 150882, Hindu

7877, Christians 739, Buddhists 50, and a variety of other tribes, such as Santal, banuya,

coaches and s Rajbangshis has 2293. The population is descripted in following table

Table 1.2: Union wise men, women, children, elderly, disabled, families and voters.

Union

No. Male Female

Children

(0-15)%

Elderly

(60+ %)

Disabled

(%)

Total

Pop.

House

hold Voters

17 10567 10512 33.5 5.9 1.9 21079 4842 13650

39 17878 17926 34.6 6.2 1.5 35804 7918 22748

63 12670 12658 37.1 5.6 2.8 25328 5240 15221

71 14632 14105 28.7 6.3 1.3 28737 6805 18721

79 14179 13801 33.2 5.9 2.3 27980 6130 17760

94 11378 11486 27.6 7.8 2.9 22864 5297 15896

Total 81304 80488 32.45 6.28 2.11 161792 36232 103996

Source: BBS, 2011

1.4 Infrastructure and non-infrastructure information

Sapahar is an agricultural district. Agriculture is the main source of livelihood for the

majority of people. So here is an average of several agro-based industries. All wards upazilla,

union rural electricity coverage. Several districts are small and cottage industries and large

industries. In the meantime, poultry farms, cattle farms, auto rice mill, printed ditch, Welding

Factory, koldastoreja, brick-kilns and cottage industries of various types. There are different

types of mills and factory in sapahar upazilla. Communication systems are very easy,

including bus terminals and petrol pump have been spread largely because there is better

trade.

1.4.1 Infrastructure

Embankment

The sapahar Upazilla is very high from the sea level, so there is low impact of flood of this

upazilla. However, during the rainy season due to the sudden flash floods in the hills,

especially in the central district Jabai bills and bills Sapahar adjacent area is flooded. Flood

prevent sudden goala union 1 km, aihai Union 1 km, 10 km earth and concrete dam patari

Union has been built.

6

Sluice Gate

In the Sapahar upazilla, rainfall is very low as a result drought is impact seriously on

agriculture. So, agricultural activities and use for daily household activities there has 77

cross-dams in this upazilla.

Bridge and Culverts

There are 39 culverts and 90.2 Miter Bridge in this upazilla, without that there are 2 pre stock

bridges in this upazilla.

Roads

In Sapahar upazilla, there are 8 upazilla roads and total length is 396.75 kilometers. During

disaster period these roads are used as an open shelter.

Irrigation System

Irrigation system is very important issue in the Barind area of this upazila. In this upazila, the

joboi bill is very important for irrigation. There are also large and numerous lakes. There are

323 deep tubewall and 850 ponds of sapahar upazila. There are 45 drinkable water tanks in

this upazila.

Hats

In the Sapahar upazilla is very important for agricultural production. Agricultural products

are exported to different parts of the country. There are 8 hats in the sapahar upazilla.

1.4.2. Social assets

Housing

Under the consequences of Borendra, the nature of earth of this upazilla is hard, sticky and

crimson colored, so from the pristine there is a tradition of constructing two storied mud

house. For tribal psychology and technique there are structural differences of house from

plain land house. To store cereal and for absolute weather housing pattern of this area is

different. Bamboo, Tali, Tin, Brick, etc. is used for building housing. Among the housing

infrastructures 3.5% are Pucca, 5.4% are semi-pucca and 89.3% are Katcha and 1.8% are

cottage types.

Water

By the contractor in accordance with the annual program of the Public Health Engineering

Department of Sapahar water sources (wells, rimoyela) is placed, and the establishment of the

public water source to provide technical advice, water skill (Arsenic, Iron, etc) to be tested,

health awareness, and inspire people about the natural Disaster for dealing with pure water

supply during disasters, various improvement of water supply and sanitation services through

NGOs prakalpabhukta areas to ease the work, etc.. Due to the geographical location of the

underground water level goes down Sapahar districts that dry season scarcity of drinking

water. Barind Multipurpose project of deep tube wells in the dry season, irrigation districts,

323 as well as 45 different places to set up the tank of water, which is supplied through pipe

lines.

7

Sanitation

Executive Engineers office, Public Health Engineering is producing ring-slab as well as

distributing those equipment among the people living under poverty. The authority also

selling the sanitary equipment to the people at a feasible price to build healthy sanitation.

At the time of disaster like flood, cyclone local administration takes necessary steps to

continue the water supply and sanitation system. During flood local authority supplies Water

purifying tablets and bleaching powder.

Educational Institute/ Library

There are 94 primary schools, 30 secondary schools, 6 lower secondary schools, 1 school and

college, 4 colleges, 7 Fajil Madrasa, 6 Alim Madrasa, 27 Dakhil Madrasa and 1 autonomous

Madrasa in Sapahar upazila.

Religious Institution

There, lives Hindu, Buddhist, Christian and Tribal community, though the upazila is Muslim

based. The biggest festival of Hindu community is Durgapuja. They can observe their rituals

without any interruption. On account of different religious festivals, different temple

organization organizes traditional folk songs in their temple yard. From the pristine time

people of various religions live here maintaining their social bondage. There are 260

mosques, 16 Madrasa and 13 temples in this Sapahar upazila.

Health Care

There are only a govt. hospital in Sapahar upazila. Here 3 doctors and 11 nurses work

consistently to provide health care to the inhabitant. There are 1 UAPO(situated at IHI

union), 4 union health and family planning center and 17 community clinics. There are also 2

private hospitals here.

Table 1.3: Maternal and Child Health Care

Maternal and Child Health Care

Prenatal care; Common disease services;

Normal delivery services; Health educational services;

Garbhottara services; Provide basic health education;

Emaara services; Counseling about the mother and child nutrition;

Newborn services; Women twang of a bow Services;

Children under 5 years of service; Arsenic patient identification;

Sexually transmitted disease services; Detection of tuberculosis and the leper;

Sources: Upazilla e- Portal, 2014

Bank

Sapahar upazila has 7 Banks. Notably Bangladesh Krishi Bank, Janata Bank, Sonali Bank,

Agrani Bank, Grameen Bank, Islamic Bank, Mercantile Bank.

Post Office

Sapahar upazilla has 11 branches post office. The currently popular as a means of

8

communication for mobile phones has 6 towers.

Club / cultural center

there are 35 clubs and cultural centers.

NGOS and voluntary organization

There are different types of NGOs are working in the Sapahar upazila such as BRAC, ASA,

caritas in education, health and micro-lending projects are formulated and conducted.

Bangladesh Lutheran Mission (BLMF), hope, resources in Atrigresana Agency (Rick),

Thyangamara female Green Sangha (TMSS), claims the basic development agency, shelter,

BRAC, CARITAS, Web Foundation, sucking, ghasaphula, Barind land social development

measures, Tree implants, medical services, education loans, health awareness about the use of

latrines, prevent child marriage, not yautukake called eicaaradiesa, hamsi burala

development, Social development and S B M SS Sapahar Foundation entities, lending,

medical services, plantation and arsenic test.

Playground

There are 12 playgrounds, generally used for sports and gathering of people and for arranging

annual fair. But at the time of disaster these playgrounds are used for shelter.

Graveyard

There are 23 cemeteries but 2 of them sometimes flooded. At the time of natural disasters

these are used to get rid of the dead.

Communication and transportation system

The distance of Sapahar from the district is about 59 kilometer. By road is the main

communication system of this upazilla. People use rickshaw, van and motor vehicle to move

from village to village in different unions.

Forest and Afforestation

There are 1171 acres of forestation in Sapahar upazila. In these woods the main trees are

Mahogany, Akashmoni, Shishu and Babla. Aside this there is many little forests under

Borendro. People succeeded to change their economic condition through these forests. There

are also rain tree in these forests. From 1982 about one and half thousand people, livings

under poverty are getting privileged from these forests. After certain times they are earning

money selling their trees. In Sapahar uopazila 23 hundreds of social forestation have been

built here. In the meantime many jobless youth got 5 to 7 lakh money from Sapahar,

Potnitola, and Porsho.

1.4.3 Weather and Climate

The annual average rainfall of this upazilla is below 45inches. Nevertheless, this rate is

changeable. It will not be overstated if this area is called the ideal tropical monsoon area

because of extreme warm weather, excess humidity, medium rainfall and seasonal variation.

Summer starts from April and May. Then the maximum temperature remains 90 degree

Fahrenheit and the minimum temperature remains 65 degree Fahrenheit. The highest

9

temperature remains within April, May and the first half of June and the lowest temperature

remains within January. The average maximum temperature is 76 degrees Fahrenheit and the

minimum average temperature is 30 degrees Fahrenheit.

Rainfall

2013 was the year when there was the highest rainfall about 1522 cm. and the lowest rainfall

was 343 cm.

Temperature

At winter and summer temperature shows indifferent to the tradition. At December 1984,

when the temperature of Naogaon fell about 44.6 degrees Fahrenheit, then after a year at 16th

April 1985 the temperature rose up to 111.2 degree Fahrenheit. The average temperature is 8-

10 Celsius in December and January, and the highest temperature prevails in April-May

when the average temperature keeps above 41 Celsius. According to Bangladesh

Meteorological department, Rajshahi, the analysis of surface Contour in Graph 1.2 shows that

the highest temperature of last 30 years remains in between 30-40 degrees. But, in the last

few years, temperature has become highest or lowest each 2-3 years later. The analysis also

shows that in the last 6 years average temperature has risen by 2 degrees due to climate

change. The bio-diversity of this upazilla will be affected if average temperature continues to

rise.

Graph 1.1: The surface contour analysis of last 30 years temperature Source: Meteorological Department, Rajshahi

1.4.4. Others

Land and Land Use

The Land use pattern of Sapahar is miscellaneous. This upazilla is mainly agriculture based

so there are a lot of agro lands. The total area of agricultural land is around 81% that refers to

19890 acres. There are 3190 hectares single crop land, 9540 hectare double crop land, and

7160 hectare triple crop land. There are total 28575 farmer family in this upazilla. One of the

wonderful features of Sapahar is Joboi Bil that is connected directly to Punarvaba. The

10

agriculture of this area is extended by Joboi Bil. Besides there are lot of pond abandoned with

fish. Moreover innumerous mango orchard fills the taste of Sapahar.

Agriculture and Food

Sapahar mainly agriculture based upazilla. And for this the rising industries are based on

agriculture. Katarivog, Kalajira are one of the expensive rice that Sapaha produces. IRRI,

BORO, Aman, Wheat, Mango, Cereal, the many other seasonal vegetables like onion,

Watermelon that produces here a lot. The total food demand of this upazila is 23722 metric

ton and total produced food is 118410 metric ton and the annual food residue is 94688 metric

ton.

River

Punarvaba goes through Sapahar upazila. The origin of this river from the west Dinajpur of

India. After Kolmudanga Punarvaba enters into Bangladesh but from Patari to Rokonpur Bil

it is extended all over Naogaon.

Pond

There are 850 ponds in Sapahar upazila, among these 450 Khash pond and 126 are re-

excavated. As there are problem of water layers, most of the time the pond remain dry and

the fisheries get affected.

Canal

According to LGED Sapahar, there are 25 canals in this upazilla which totals 97.328

kilometers. Dohar Khari is of 6.5 kilometers and Chad Khari is of 2.2 kilometers.

Wet land

The famous wet land of Sapahar named Joboi Bil and Rokonpur Bil are situated in the 4

unions of Sapahar named Shironti, Patari, Goala, and IHI. The area of these wet lands is 403

hectares. At rainy season the water levei of these wet lands rises and that combines the whole

area and turn into a single extended water source. Including Rainy season, 4 or 6 months of a

year these huge area remains under water. There are two types of wet land 1; more than

twenty acres 2; less than twenty acres. There are three wet lands which possesses more than

twenty acres 1;Joboi bil (996 acres) 2; Bil tirail (25 acres) 3;Jamirtola bil(44 acres)

Arsenic Pollution

Arsenic level in this upazilla is 0-20%. Different tests of tubewell water like arsenic level,

cloraid, iron, manganese, PH level, electric conductivity and other biological tests can be

served in return of certain fees in the local laboratories. Besides, some free basic tests of

water sources are executed with field kits.

12

Chapter Two

Disaster and vulnerability

2.1 History of Disaster There is no serious impact of disasters in Sapahar upazilla. However, every year the district is

no longer exposed to disasters. Low water level, floods, river erosion, cold wave, drought,

drought and north-western wide variety of endangered and cause danger to people living in

this upazilla. Water comes down from India in the rainy season as a result the flood is floated

over the union. There is the main river of the Sapahar upazilla and Joboi bill is very important

for irrigation in the upazilla. Drought is the main problem in this Sapahar upazilla, which is

less than the depth of the river. Agricultural crops and homes base culture were heavily

damaged due to water in the north-western side, and many people were starvation for long

time. River erosion is another important issue for agricultural damage, houses, life is upset.

Extensive damage to crops due to the winter cold wave and dense fog is attained. In the

Sapahar upazilla sallow water level is near the surface above 28 miters. This is a serious

problem in public life Deforestation, population growth and environmental imbalance may be

due to the disaster Sapahar upazilla. Disaster damage, loss occurs, duration and are given

below in Table.

Table 2.1: Name of Disaster, Year, Damage and Sector

Name disaster Year Which sectors are affected

Highest Medium Lowest

Water

Substrates

Every year

Floods 1986, 1987, 1988, 1995, 1998 Agriculture

Fish

Homes and

livestock

River erosion 1985, 1987, 1988, 1994,

1998, 1999, 2000, 2004,

2005, 2006

Agriculture Plants and

Houses

Fish

Drought 1976, 1979, 1989, 1992,

1996, 1999, 2004

Agriculture Fish Plants

Kalbaisakhi

Storm

1988, 1992, 1995, 1997, 2005 Plants Houses Agriculture

Inundation 1976, 1979, 1989, 1992,

1996, 1999, 2004

Agriculture Homes Fish

Met 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 Agriculture Fish Plants and

Livestock

Source: field Visit, Sapahar, 2014

13

2.2 Hazards of the Upazilla

Hazard is an unusual event, which can occur naturally or from man-made technical faults and

can damage the lives and livelihoods of human beings. Despite of being under Barindra

tracts, Sapahar upazilla has some small and big swamps and Atrai and Lottle Jamuna River

flows through it. The area was rough already due to geographical reasons but it is gradually

losing sustainability because of climate change. People are suffering because of irregular

water flow, downward water level and climate change. The hazards responsible for the

suffering are given below following the priority of damages of people:

Table2.2: Hazards and Priority of Hazards

Hazards of the unions of this upazilla Identifies hazards and priority of hazards

Nature caused hazards 1. Ground Water

2. Flood

3. River Erosion

4. Storm

5. Low Rainfall

6. Cold Wave

1. Flood 11. Drizzling

2. Drought 12. Ground Water

3. River Erosion 13. Low Rainfall

4. Hail Rain 14. Seasonal Storm

5. Heavy Mist 15. Tornado

6. Cold Wave 16. Thunder

7.Excessive rain 17. Rat Attack

8. flatulency 18. Insect attacks at crops

9.Arsenic

10. Earthquake

Man-made hazards

19. Fire 21.Land Possession

20. Unplanned

Infrastructure

Establishment

22. Paddy wastes

emitted from rice mills


2.3. Detail image of various danger and its current and future

1. Ground Water Level

As for sapahar upazilla, low ground water level is the most serious hazard that reinforces

drought and affects every sphere of human live. The common people of this area have to

maintain a constant struggle for water, the most fundamental element of life. This hazard

affects all the development sectors of sapahar. The people of sapahar upazilla believe that

immediate measures from govt. and NGO level are needed to alleviate this hazard.

14

2. Flood

sapahar upazilla is a extreamly flood prone area. Flood prevails here from June to October.

Consuquently, agriculture, fisheries, infrastructure, households, education, communication

and other sectors get heavily affected by flood. Though it happens each year, the floods in

1986,1987, 1988, 1990, 1992, 1995, 1998, 2002, 2003, 2007 were the most terrific ones.

3. Drought

Drought commonly occurs in February , March, April and May. The acuteness and duration of

drought are gradually increasing. t has not been rainning even in June and July for last

several years. As a result, damages are increasing because of drought. f this situation

continues, severe environmental disaster would appear in near future .

4. River erosion

River erosion is a part and parcel of people of sapahar upazilla. t is increasing day by day.

The denizens believe that low nevigavity causing a raise of water and a fall of current speed

and water capacity consequently leads to river erosion. They stated that it would further make

people suffer devouring a lot more areas if this situation goes on.

2.4 Vulnerability and Capability

Vulnerability is the possibility of a population or parts of it to be affected by hazards and the

level of possible damage to common lives and society due to the hazard. It has come into

light through field meeting and analysis of various information and data that two-third of the

population of Sapahar upazilla are vulnerable to hazards like flood, river erosion, drought and

cold wave. Moreover, animals, fisheries and infrastructures are not out of vulnerability. The

objectives of removing hazards are to identify the possibility of a hazard, when a hazard will

occur, how much area will be affected. Therefore by measuring the severity of a hazard and

vulnerability, they are trying to achieve capability by adopting their own ways.

In which area is vulnerable for which reasons are shown below:

Table 2.3: Hazard based vulnerabilities

Dangers Vulnerability Capacity

Floods

Be on the navigability of

rivers and canals

less than demand and weak

beribamdha

The two sides of the trees

was not Badher

To improve the navigability of rivers

and canals, dredging machines have

planting trees and repairing Badher

beribamdha two sides to strengthen.

There is a new place to beribamdha

medium Sapahar Punarbhaba River

drainage district.

Sapahar districts 23kimi Cross the

dam and the dam is raised.

Water

substrates

climate change

unplanned use of water

There are 323 deep tube wells.

77 have cross dams for water

retention.

15


There are more than tree planting

arrangements.

For drinking water in 45 tanks.

River

erosion

sarbasanta people are due to

river erosion.

aihai, patari, replied northern,

north-pascimansasaha jabai

sirantira Punarbhaba

nadisanlagna Bill and

agricultural areas, houses,

buildings, roads, vegetation is

largely deliver the riverbed.

weak ewe-Dam

Extensive plantations lie by

the river

aihai, patari, replied northern,

north-pascimansasaha jabai

sirantira dam bills and do not

have adequate areas

Punarbhaba nadisanlagna.

Everything that has sheep,

monkey, different parts of it

are broken.

Sapahar district has two dams with a

length of 5 km ..

Bamboo River in a comprehensive

manner (sikara bistrita) is the national

tree planting opportunities. Which will

help you to grab.

Dam / two-sides of the street have the

opportunity to plantation.

To prevent breakdown of river

embankments have the opportunity to

build with blocks.

poor people have the opportunity to

move on land owned by the river.

Salt-tolerant plants have the opportunity

to apply

sirantite Sapahar district has a shelter.

have the opportunity to be tolerant of

houses in the tornado.

To prevent wind stopped tornadoes

around the building with bushes and

forest / fruit trees have a chance.

The dam is surrounded by rivers into the

block to have the opportunity to

strengthen and Badher and street trees on

both sides have a chance.

have the opportunity to strengthen

sanitation.

khas land for the construction of shelters

and killa.

animals (cows, goats, buffalo, sheep)

have the opportunity to build stronger

habitats.

Sapahar upazila disaster management

committees and volunteer groups based in

the Union.

Drought

Having inadequate trees

and plants


length of 5 km ..


16




help you to grab.





build with blocks.




to apply












sanitation.


and killa.



habitats.



the Union.

Kalbaisakhi

Storm

Due to poor infrastructure

and unplanned homestead

homestead is damage

ghurnijhare

divide-house around the

bushes and trees of the plants

have not been affected due to


length of 5 km ..




help you to grab.




17


the divide-house ghurnijhare

destroys trees.

Poor sanitation (Green) is a

result of having been tampered

with ghurnijhare.

habitat for birds and animals,

lack of tolerance ghurnijhare

tornado damage.

lack of adequate shelter is

ghurnijhare ruin lives.

In the absence of killa

animals during tornado

damage. Ghurnijhare women,

children and disabled people

are the ones affected.


build with blocks.




to apply












sanitation.


and killa.



habitats.



the Union.

Inundation

in the absence of adequate

number of plants

Bill and Punarbhaba rivers jabai

Sapahar districts.

Salt-tolerant plants have the

opportunity to apply

Met climate change Ejiodera government response

Source: field visit, 2014

2.5 Most Vulnerable Areas

Due to geographical location, lack of water is seen in Sapahar upazilla in dry seasons. So, all

the fields and lands dry up and all the people, fisheries, animals and infrastructure become

vulnerable. Again, farmlands and infrastructures submerge into water while water flowing

down from hills causes sudden flood. Sometimes, people living nearby riverbanks become

homeless because of river erosion. Vulnerability and causes of vulnerability are not the same

18

for everywhere of the upazilla. So, most vulnerable areas and vulnerable population based on

hazard are shown by the following table:

Table 2.4: most vulnerable areas, Reasons of ulnerability and vulnerable population:

Danger Most vulnerable area Factors of vulnerability Vulnerable

population

Water

substrates

Siranti, goala and the

entire BMW tilanasaha

Climate change and unplanned use of

water

82850

Tentative

Floods

Aihai, patari, replied

northern, north-

pascimansasaha jabai

Bill and Punarbhaba

nadisanlagna areas

sirantira

Agricultural land due to flooding of

the river is falling. Besides

agriculture, fisheries, infrastructure

and human resources, and may cause

damage.

69960

Tentative

River

erosion

Aihai, patari, replied

northern, north-

pascimansasaha jabai

Bill and Punarbhaba

nadisanlagna areas

sirantira

Over 10 years, thousands of acres of

arable land due to river erosion in this

area is mixed. Many people are

becoming destitute. The agriculture,

fisheries and human damage is.

45630

Tentative

Drought

Aihai, patari, siranti,

replied eastern and

Sapahar daksinansasaha

whole district

headquarters

May be due to drought damage

krsisampadera plenty.

161792

Tentative

Kalbaisakhi

storm

Patari, dairyman, aihai,

Union, and the district

headquarters siranti and

Sapahar

These areas are the ones in

mahadebapurera mango production.

Lots of storm damage which may be

examples of communicating. Also

fish, can cause damage to human

resources.

161792

Tentative

Inundation

Patari, dairyman, aihai,

Union, and the district

headquarters siranti and

Sapahar

Soil due to drought, farmers' financial

loss caused by the rupture is caucira

may be.

161792

Tentative

Met

Aihai, patari, the

milkman, the Union of

Sadar Upazila siranti

and Sapahar

Met may be due to the loss of crops,

livestock are at risk, may cause life in

suffering, children, pregnant, disabled

and brddhara risk.

161792

Tentative


19

2.6 Main Development Sectors

Sapahar upazilla depends in agricultural production. Economy of this area depends on

agriculture. So, although importance is given on agriculture in development planning,

importance should be given on fisheries, livestock, health, livelihood and infrastructure to

reduce hazard and risk.

It is discussed by the following table:

Table 2.5: Combination with Development Sector and Disaster Risk Reduction

Major

sectors A detailed description Disaster risk reduction coordination with

Agricult

ure

Sapahar sub total 19890 hectares of

crops are produced 118410 tons

mettika. Meets the needs of 94688

tonnes of crop udbrta mettika

Sapahar under which brought great

success for the economy. As a

result of new initiatives in

agriculture, farmers will continue.

So Sapahar krsisampada districts,

considered as a major area of

development.

90% of the people depend on farming

districts Sapahar laborer 50%, 5% small

farmer class, middle class, 10% of farmers,

large farmers, 5% of class. This is 79.75%

of income from agriculture. If as a result of

weather and climate change to drought,

cold wave, ghanakuyasa and drought, the

agricultural crops, farmers will face

financial losses, combined with the

reduction of disaster risk in agriculture

Sapahar district requires further

modernization. Causing a disaster, which

will be extended to the agricultural district

Sapahar helpful.

Fisheries Sapahar subdistrict canals, Bill,

rivers and wetlands to the total

1997.08 acres of land for the

production of fish. To the economic

success of the people of life-

jibikasaha. Aquaculture fish

farmers through new initiatives

come forward. Possible

development of the fish resources

of the district. So Sapahar upazila

fisheries resource, can be regarded

as a major area of development.

If as a result of climate change and extreme

weather, droughts, agricultural crops, then

farmers will face financial losses, if they

are, as well as fish farming, much of the

farmers to be able to protect them from

damage. Moreover, integrated farming of

rice and fish, rice, fish production lost

during the disaster, but will help them to

maintain financial solvency. There is no

substitute for the fish farming

jhumkihrasera disaster. So it can be said

enough jhumkihrase fisheries sector to

coordinate disaster.

Livestoc

k

0-less than 5 years ago Sapahar

districts, almost every household

had cattle. Livestock feed and

fodder grass in the absence of the

need is much reduced. Currently 3

If as a result of climate change and extreme

weather, flooding much of the fish farmers

and farmers will suffer losses, if they play

well, then the animal will be saved from the

immediate financial loss and disasters will

20

Major


livestock farms, 38 farms and 30

broiler chicken and duck farms,

which contributes to the economy

makes people self-reliant.

now maintain their financial solvency.

Livestock is why there is no substitute for

jhumkihrasera disaster. Livestock is to say

enough to coordinate disaster jhumkihrase.

Health Sapahar public hospital districts, 1,

1, satellite clinic 4, union health

and family planning center and has

17 community clinics. There are

also two private hospitals. Health of

the people of these confirmation

Sapahar continued their normal

activities.

This district disaster Sapahar disease

increases, so sbasthasebara need more

modernized enough to be able to coordinate

the disaster is jhumkihrasera.

Liveliho

od

Sapahar districts, 90% of people

involved in agriculture (dairies,

50%, 5% small farmer class,

middle class, 10% of farmers, large

farmers, class 5%). Districts,

because their economy is very

prosperous bhinnarupa Sapahar

livelihoods. Very low proportion of

people in this subdistrict. Reliable

because they are mostly involved in

the profession. Improve the lives of

people living under the Sapahar.

Districts Sapahar climate change, floods,

droughts, nadibhangana, ghanakuyasa,

storm, hail, drought, etc., if you out to

organize disaster krsisampada result,

fisheries resource, livestock ksatigrastasaha

tremendous impact on people's lives and

livelihoods. But if people are responsible

for alternative livelihoods, the immediate

disaster is disaster. Will maintain their

financial solvency and the disaster at the

moment. So there is no alternative

livelihood options for disaster

jhumkihrasera. Alternative livelihood

systems to coordinate disaster jhumkihrase

enough.

Plants Sapahar districts have considerable

reputation for mango cultivation.

This subdistrict is everywhere

triumphant allowing plenty filled

with green plants in the region,

there is no shortage. Akasamani

plenty of mango, children, apple,

eucalyptus, arjun, akasiya, acacia

and plum trees. Officially there are

1171 acres of forestry districts

Sapahar Sapahar district plays a

special role in the economy.

Sapahar districts, climate change, floods,

droughts, nadibhangana, storm, hail,

drought, etc., if you out to organize disaster

krsisampada result, fisheries resources,

livestock are damaged. The building of the

effects of the storm, damage to

infrastructure is attained rastaghatasaha

lots. Tremendous impact on the lives and

livelihoods of the people to protect the

environment is difficult. There is no

substitute for dealing with the large amount

of trees. So Sapahar districts should be the

21

Major


slogan "a large amount of trees and saving

the environment" in which the disaster

jhumkihrase considerable role.

Infrastru

cture

Districts, of which there are plenty

of resources to infrastructure

Sapahar 5 km Dam, there are 3

bridges and 542 culverts. The

upazila, union and join

gramyapatha Total 3829 km Roads,

irrigation, deep nalakupasaha 78

krasadyama currently has 323.

Besides, the people of which 8 Hats

meet their needs by providing

essential commodities are. These

infrastructure assets under Sapahar

leading role in the economy as well

as the development work.

Sapahar districts, flood, drought,

nadibhangana, storm disaster in a variety of

useful resources for infrastructure, such as

the dam is located on the banks of the river

Yamuna as upazila protect from erosion.

Kalabhartagulo flood, storm is used for the

water supply. It would benefit a lot of

agriculture. Irrigation water use during

droughts and other mausumasaha

nalakupagulo krsisampada lots are

acquired. District of road / district in

relation to contact. Hats of disasters is

essential to meet their needs by providing

goods. A lot of resources to deal with

disasters, infrastructure plays an important

role. Infrastructure and resources for

disaster jhumkihrasera so there is no

alternative to strong enough.


2.7 Social Map

In context of the discussion of the Sapahar upazilla disaster management committee

members with the common people of various occupations of different villages describing the

objectives and importance of making a social map, The social map of Sapahar upazilla has

been prepared with their help. The location of unions, villages, infrastuctures, different

institutions, land use, roads, rivers, canals, wet lands, buildings, hospitals, embankments and

other important matters are included in the social map. The entire condition of this upazilla is

shown in the social map.

2.8 Hazard and Risk Map

In context of the discussion of the Sapahar upazilla disaster management committee

members with the common people of various occupations of different villages showing the

map of Sapahar upazilla and describing the objectives and importance of making a Hazard

and Risk Map, Hazard and Risk Map of Sapahar upazilla has been prepared with their help to

identify the hazards. Which hazard affects which union is shown in the map by the

participants. Moreover, land infertility, land utilization, movement of river such matters is

24

considered here through geographical information management. The entire condition of this

upazilla is also shown in the hazard and risk map.

2.9 Seasonal Calendar of Hazards

Although Sapahar upazilla is a drought prone area, different hazards are seen throughout the

year. Drought continues to grow in the month of March, but it takes the extreme form in

April. Field and lands dry up, no water remains in most of the tube well. At this tie, ground

water level is low; therefore water can be lifted only through deep tubewell. Besides, one

river runs through Sapahar upazilla. Areas and public adjacent to the river face a huge

amount of losses at any time between the months June to October in case of sudden floods.

Moreover, outbreak of cold wave and heavy mist prevails from November to February which

hampers winter crops production.

Seasonal Calendar of Hazards is presented through the following table:

Table 2.6: Calendar of Hazards based on months

No Hazards

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

January

February

March

1 Flood

2 Draugh

3 River Erosion

4 Cold Wave

5 Heavy Mist

6 Hail Rain


Seasonal calendar of Hazards analysis:

In which months of a year hazards occur in this area and in which months the effects are

more or less are shown in the graph of the seasonal calendar. It is known through discussions

with the participants as part of the Pre-C.R:

Flood: flood generally occurs due to river filling and the lack of drainage. Rivers fill up due

to sediment accumulation in the riverbed and rising of chars which causes excess water

pressure to overflow and cause flood. Sapahar upazilla is flood prone from mid-July to the

end of September.

Drought: Drought is the main hazard of this area. The presence of drought is seen from mid-

March to mid-June. Excessive drought causes extensive damage to agriculture here. Though

25

the effects of drought are moderate in early March and late June, but effects are somewhat

lower during the rest of the year. Many of the crops are lost due to lack of irrigation as the

effect of drought. Again, the production of crops which are getting irrigation is reduced due

to lack of sufficient water. Again, water of stored pond dries up due to drought which leads to

extreme shortages of drinking water.

River Erosion: homes, roads, crops, livestock and aosial and educational institution of

Sapahar upazilla are disappearing every year because of river erosion. River erosion is not

manifest From April to July here, but River erosion takes extreme form during early August

to mid-September.

Cold Wave: Cold Wave occurs every year in Sapahar upazilla. t appears here so much

because of close proximity to the river Chhota Jamuna. As a result, it affects common lives

and ruins the production of mango, lichee, pees and other winter crops.

Hill Rain: According to the denizens of Sapahar upazilla, a drastic change in rainfall is

observed in this area. Hail rain occurs quite frequently. t seems like a negetive effect in the

weather pattern. t makes a huge damage in agriculture.

2.10 Seasonal Calendar of Livelihood

Although this upazilla is dominated by agriculture, but fishing is also an income source here

as some big and small canals are here. Besides, there are landless workers who earn their

living as day laborers. As there are quite a few hats and bazars, the trader professions have

arisen for exporting huge amount of agricultural products.

Seasonal Calendar of livelihood is presented through the following table:

Table 2.7: Seasonal Calendar of Livelihood

No Source of

Livelihood

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

January

February

March

1 Agriculture

2 Fisheries

3 Daily Labor

4 Businessman


2.11 Vulnerability on Life and Livelihood

Pre-discussed hazards and disasters hamper the normal lifestyle. Farmers, fishermen, day

laborers, businessmen all become vulnerable.

Vulnerability on Life and livelihood is presented through the following table:

26

Table 2.8: Vulnerability on Life and Livelihood

Sl

no: Livelihood

Hazards/ Disasters

Low

water

level

Flood River

Erosion

Drought Seasonal

Storm

Lack

of

rain

Cold

Wave

01 Agriculture

02 Fisheries

03 Daily Labor

04 Businessman

Source: Field Visit, 2014

2.12 Sector-wise Risks and Hazards

The vulnerable sectors of Sapahar upazilla are crops, plants, livestock, fisheries, homes,

roads, bridges, culverts, educational institutions, health care and shelter. The sectors are

endangered because of the pre-discussed hazards. After performing hazard identification of

each union and its corresponding vulnerable sector, elements and area selection, the list of

risks have been prepared and written. Two representatives from each of the groups (farmers,

landless, women and fishing) has been selected and divided into four groups. Risks have been

given priority by voting on unacceptable risks (voting through Zipstick) after evaluating the

risks described separately by each groups consisting of 6 members with a total of 24

representatives. The possible ways of reducing the risk to the local level including risk

analysis has been set from the list of risks obtained by incorporating the highest risks voted

by four groups. Following are the preferred risks. These risks have been validated later by the

indirect stakeholders at the presence of the representatives of the group. The following table

identifies vulnerable sectors of Sapahar upazilla:

Table 2.9: Sector-wise Risks and Hazards

Hazard

Vulnerable Social Elements

Cro

ps

Tre

es

Liv

esto

ck

Fis

her

ies

Hom

es

Road

s

Bri

dges

an

d

Culv

erts

Educa

tional

inst

ituti

on

Hea

lth

Shel

ter

Flood

Drought

River

Erosion

Cold

Wave

27

Hazard

Vulnerable Social Elements

Cro

ps

Tre

es

Liv

esto

ck

Fis

her

ies

Hom

es

Road

s

Bri

dges

and

Culv

erts

Educa

tional

inst

ituti

on

Hea

lth

Shel

ter

Heavy

Mist

Hail rain

Source: Field Visit, 2014

2.13 Climate Change and Its Possible Effect

Assessing the daily weather, the result of general condition of physical factors of wind sphere

(air heat, air pressure, wind direction and speed, air humidity, amount and type of clouds and

rainfall) of a place or region (30 years or more) is the climate of that place or region. Every

day the sun reaches the earth, the earth absorbs it. Absorbed sunlight emits or reflects back to

space again. Therefore, any type of exploitation of natural laws creating obstacles or barriers

to this radiation process leads to climate change.

Some sectors which are affected by climate change are described in detail below:

Table 2.10: Sector Related Climate Change and Impact

Sectors Description

Agriculture Flood-like climate change in 1988, when the district Sapahar 13260 hectares

of arable land under crops may be a large number of people could be in

danger. 6 to 48 square kilometers of land due to erosion union crops may

suffer many families economically. Like 001 of the 13945 hectares of crops

could be fierce drought, many families may suffer economically. Glossary of

Meteorology climate change districts Sapahar suddenly attack people in

14230 hectares of crops ruined many families may suffer economically.

15680 hectares of land in crop losses due to drought, causing crop districts

Benchmark Sapahar may occur. Ghanakuyasara due amasaha (buds due to the

storm) 7725 hectare orchard and other crops could be lost.

Fisheries Severe drought in 850 districts Sapahar aquaculture fish pond can cause

damage and can lead to financial loss. This may be causing the lack of meat.

Districts, like the flood of 1988, when 470 Sapahar Fish Ponds can be flooded

and washed away. The food, nutrition and protein deficiency can occur.

Plants In 003 districts, like climate change Sapahar storm collapsed the plants may

be abundant. Protect the environmental balance could be upset. The most

abundant vegetation in the river due to erosion caused unions may be 4. This

may disrupt the balance of the environment.

28

Sectors Description

Health Approximately 60% of the fires, like districts Sapahar 1988 pregnant women

at delivery banyakalina left and communication systems due to their

pranahanira threatened to endangered. The outbreak of water borne diseases

can occur. Approximately 65% of the 001 districts, the people like the

drought of the skin may occur Sapahar. The health of a variety of diseases

can occur due to drought.

Livelihood Districts Sapahar climate change, floods, droughts, nadibhangana,

ghanakuyasa, drought, etc., if you out to organize disaster krsisampada result,

a tremendous impact on the livelihoods of fisheries resource in the lives of

people and livestock ksatigrastasaha. All you out at 38% of people under the

Sapahar karmasunya can become. This may be caused by the severity of the

economy under Sapahar.

Water Effects of climate change, drought and groundwater Sapahar garbhasta BMW

6 union drastic water level due to lack of water may occur. 14560 hectares of

crops may be lost as a result, many families may suffer economically. The

severity of the disease can be spread in a variety of carmarogasaha and

krsisampada, fisheries resource and livestock may be affected.

Infrastructure In 003, when a sudden storm like climate change and religious institutions in

about 35% of the education infrastructure could face losses, which may

disrupt education. A large number of mud homes have been destroyed in the

attack of the storm 80% could be economically ksatigrasthasaha shelter. If

1988 is about 27575 km beyond the flood damage and may be impassable.

Which may impede communication. 4 Approximately 65 km of erosion union

roads, schools, colleges and other infrastructure can be erosion. 6% of the

submerged mud homes could be a lot of people in the household

economically ksatigrasthasaha shelter.


29

Chapter Three

Disaster Risk Reduction

3. 1. Identification of risk factors

Risk factor of a upazila is very important for income, assets and environment. Disaster risk reduction means to reduce the loss of life or aset and

invironment. Risk factors are identify by the following table

Table 3.1: Risk Factors

Description of risk Causes

Immediate secondary Final

Severe drought in Sapahar, 28575 hectares

of crops affected peasant families 146429

people could be economically

Paryapta not have

irrigation

Bore well related shortage

gabhira

-Useful Not for canal excavation

Sapahar districts sudden attack north-wester

14230 and 28575 hectares of crops have been

lost over 114300 people in the family

economically

Brksanidhana and do not have

enough trees

-Small Be filled Yamuna River

Could be compromised Lack of public

awareness

Going down panira level Tree planting of larger

deforestation and violation of a

public policy

Suddenly, due to the flooding districts

Sapahar 13260 and 28575 hectares of crops

affected families may be economically

Panira strong pressure

dam flooded

-Weather Messages arrive at the

right time

- Dredging through government

policy measures have not

Sugarcane and rice Sapahar square down slope in tide Navigability of rivers, loss of

30



kilometers of land in 48 districts of erosion of

the number of crops farmers may suffer

economically

fringe slowly nadira breaks

Sapahar districts of ghanakuyasara

amabaganasaha (buds due to the storm), and

7725 hectares of other crops of orchard

farmers may suffer economically

Panira strong pressure - Do not place the dam have Lack of depth is low and fair

observations nadira

Met the district Sapahar 17372 28575

hectares of crops affected families may be

economically

Absorbent srabana

month

Nadira less depth Lack of supervision and

implementation of dam nadira

9600 homes due to erosion erosion Sapahar

districts may suffer economically

-Weather Messages

arrive at the right time

Do not provide adequate pest-

killing lie with government

Severe drought in 850 districts Sapahar pond

water is affected by different diseases 11385

quintals of fish production could be affected

by economic disruption

Lack janasacetanatara lack of training -National Stage is not aware of

fuzzy weather

Sapahar districts were submerged due to

flooding 80% of the raw 28960 homes

economically affected families and may be

bleak

North West side of the

blowing wind

Do not be concerned with the use

of pesticides according to

requirement.

Cutting trees

3 districts, educational institutions Sapahar

erosion due to erosion in 3950 may disrupt

Panira strong pressure Climate change Environment pollution

31



the learning activities students

Met Sapahar districts of livestock died from

the 13438 and 36232 families may suffer

economically

Absorbent srabana

month

Sita and Drizzle

Sapahar districts due to drought, the farmer's

family 32940 15680 164700 hectares of crops

affected people may be economically

-Weather Due to

changes

Lack of depth is low and fair

observations nadira

Because of a severe drought affected districts in

the 26140 Sapahar families may suffer

economically

adequate rain in time Nadira less depth Committee for Implementation of the

dam monitoring nadira

Source: Field survey, Sapahar, 2014

3.2. Way to mitigate the risks identified

Backyard meetings and important persons on the basis of districts Sapahar Union came to discuss the possible risks and ways to mitigate the

risks discussed in detail in the table below to find the:

32

Table 3.2: Possible ways to mitigate the risks

Description of risk Possible way of risk reduction

Short-term Mid-term Long-term

Severe drought districts Sapahar

13945 and 28575 hectares of crops

affected peasant families 146429

people could be economically

irrigation measures Inadequate

measures to

measures of deep

wells

-digging canals

-increasin the depth of Barnoi river

Sapahar districts sudden attack

north-wester family 161792, 36232,

14230 hectares of crops affected

people may be economically

Brksa not culled

and adequate

Planting

-big trees should not be cut organizing the tree plantation

program with govt. policy

Suddenly, due to the flooding

districts Sapahar 13260 and 28575

hectares of crops affected families

may be economically

Janasacetanatara be

prescribed

Reach the right time

and the correct

interpretation of the

message is -

Weather

-bank of the river should be wrapped with block by the

govt. policy.

Sugarcane and paddy land due to

erosion districts Sapahar 57barga

kilometers large farmers crops may

suffer economically

Badhon supervised Nadi to dredging - River dressing and monitoring the implementation

committee.

-construction of the embankment over the river

-budget allotment

Sapahar districts of ghanakuyasara

amabaganasaha (buds due to the

Closely tied to the

sides of the stones

-provision of adequate incepticides

33

storm), and 7725 hectares of other

crops of orchard farmers may suffer

economically

on the fringe nadira -creating public awareness about dense fuggy nationally.

Met the district Sapahar 17372 and


families may be economically

Tina, bamboo, and is

arranged to prevent

water pressure by

sandbag

Forest Department and the environment through the

planting of trees adequate balance

9600 homes due to erosion erosion

Sapahar districts may suffer

economically

-Using Advance to

arrange for the

message to reach

Nadira to increase

navigability

Easier to administer and implement the Committee nadi

drejinkara

Severe drought in 850 districts

Sapahar pond water is affected by

different diseases 11385 quintals of

fish production could be affected by

economic disruption

Janasacetanata be in Badhon measures Bank build and budget allocations

Sapahar districts were submerged

due to flooding 80% of the raw

28960 homes economically affected

families and may be bleak

If the crop flow

forecasts saitya knows

best

Given the importance of the reform of the pond from the

stage -National

3 districts, educational institutions

Sapahar erosion due to erosion in

3950 may disrupt the learning

activities students

Measures Samayopayogi used

insecticide

34

Source: Field survey, Sapahar, 2014

3.3 Development plan of NGOs

Danger due to the slow speed of districts identified Sapahar disaster mitigation measures are seen to neglect. Recently, it has increased disasters

due to climate change, but the trend. Some NGOs have started to work on the disaster, which is very scarce compared to the needs.

Met Sapahar districts of livestock

died from the 13438 and 36232

families may suffer economically

Tina, bamboo, and is

arranged to prevent

water pressure by

sandbag

Krsi training system government infrastructure by implementing policies

Sapahar districts due to drought, the

farmer's family 32940 15680


people may be economically

Pani is irrigated Janaganake Met

Because of a severe drought

affected districts in the 26140

Sapahar families may suffer

economically

Be aware of Sarakarera accept the policy and will bastabayana

Sapahar districts sudden attack

north-wester 43200 students in 108

educational institutions have been

destroyed may disrupt educational

activities

Badhon sandbag into

the water to prevent

the system

Livestock medical center put by govt. Policy

35

Table 3.3: NGOs in the Development Plan

Sl No. NGO What issues they work No. of beneficiary Amountof taka Project duration

01 Bangladesh

Lutharence

Mission

Finance

(BLMF)

Foundation by the agency, medical services,

public awareness and development of plantation

and arsenic tests, including training activities 2300-2500

(assumption) 3500-4000 tk. Running

02 ASA Lending, tree planting, medical services,

education, financial, health and awareness

about the use of latrines

3000-3200

(assumption) 5000-5500 tk. Running

03 Resource

integration

organization

Small loans to operate 1500-

1700(assumption) 6000-10000 tk Running

04 Thangamara

Mohila Sobuj

Songho (TMSS)

Employment and training programs for micro-

credit activities and 2800-3000

(assumption) 3000-4000 Tk Running

05 Dabi Moulik

Unnayan

Songstha

Small loans to operate 1900-

2000(assumption) 5000-6000 Tk Running

06 Ashroy Sanitation, prevent child marriage, not the

yautukake

2400-2600


07 Brac Micro-credit activities, social, developmental

activities, non-formal education activities

2700-


08 Karitas Public awareness activities 2500-


36

Sl No. NGO What issues they work No. of beneficiary Amountof taka Project duration

09 Web

Foundation

Democratic Local Governance to strengthen

project

1500-1700


10 Aloha Micro-credit activities, social, developmental

activities

1300-1500


11 Ghasful Micro-credit activities, social, developmental

activities

1900-2000


12 Borendravumi

Somaj Unnayan

Babostha

Mulch works in agricultural development 2600-2900


13 HRDS Micro-credit activities, social, developmental

activities

1600-1900


14 Hasi Bural

Development

Micro-credit activities, social, developmental

activities

1900-2100


15 Sapahar Somaj

Unnayan

Micro-credit activities, social, developmental

activities, non-formal education activities

2400-2600


16 SBMSS Micro-credit activities, social, developmental

activities

2200-2400


Source: upazila parishad, sapahar, 2014

37

3.4. Disaster Management Plan

3.4.1. Pre Disaster Preparation

Table 3.4: Pre-disaster functions, Target, Budget, implementation and integration

Sl

No.

F

unct

ion

Tar

get

s

Poss

ible

Budget

Wher

e p

erfo

rms

Imple

men

tati

on D

ate

Who perfoms and

how amount

Integration with Development Plan

Upaz

ila

- ad

min

istr

atio

n

Com

munuty

UP

NG

O

1 River Dressing 12 km.

9-10

crore

tk.

Punarvaba

river

October-

january

100

In order to reduce the risk of disaster

operations in the area immediately east

of the preparation in making people

aware of that initiative. As a result,

people's lives and help reduce property

damage. Operations if properly

implemented, will contribute to the

overall socio-economic and national

development.

2 Construction of

bank side the river 25 km.

10-12

crore

tk.

Gopalgonj

bazar-

Hapania

bazar

November-

January 35 1 25 25se

3

Setting deep

tubewell and

proper

investigation

Total 30,

depth:220-250

ft.

3 crore

and 80

lac tk.

Tilna,

Sapahar and

Goala union

Any timeof

the year

60 2 10 28

38

Sl

No.

F

unct

ion

Tar

get

s

Poss

ible

Budget

Wher

e p

erfo

rms

Imple

men

tati

on D

ate

Who perfoms and

how amount

Integration with Development Plan

Upaz

ila

- ad

min

istr

atio

n

Com

munuty

UP

NG

O

4

Organizing

agriculture training

Ward wise 65

training 2-3 lac

tk.

Upazila agri

office

August-

october 40 5 15 40

5

Sending weather

message properly

from the national

level

Creatin

awareness with

helping the

member

5-6 lac

tk.

Every ward of

the each union

January-

february

20 1 60 20

6

During the disaster

period to make the

people rational

about warning

description

Ward wise

forming a team of

20 membersrain

them

30-35

lac tk.

Different ward

of every union May-june 15 5 20 60

7

By excavating

pond to store

water(with govt.

pond)

Depth 20 ft.

exists 10 ft.

50-60

lac tk.

Different ward

of every union

DM Plan Sapahar Upazila Noagaon District_English Version-2014

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