Dm jamia asc 30 jan14
-
Upload
rajive-kohli -
Category
Education
-
view
8.183 -
download
2
description
Transcript of Dm jamia asc 30 jan14
Prof (Col) Rajive Kohli, Ph.D.Director
30 Jan’14 from 12.45 to 2.15 p.m.9910744340 [email protected]
Academic Staff College107th 4-week Orientation Programme from 13 January to 10 February 2014
Disaster:A serious disruption of the functioning of a society,
causing widespread human, material, or environmental losses
which exceed the ability of the affected society to cope using only
its own resources.
DISASTER dimensions– Disruption to normal pattern of life, usually
severe and may also be sudden, unexpected and widespread
– Human effects like loss of life, injury, hardship and adverse effect on health
– Effect on social infrastructure such as destruction of or damage to government systems, buildings, communications and essential services
– Community needs such shelter, food, clothing, medical assistance and social care.
Disasters occur in varied forms
•Some are predictable in advance•Some are annual or seasonal •Some are sudden and unpredictable
Floods Days and weeksEarthquakes Seconds/minutesCyclones DaysDroughts Months
GENERAL EFFECTS OF DISASTER LOSS OF LIFE. INJURY. DAMAGE TO AND DESTRUCTION OF PROPERTY. DAMAGE TO AND DESTRUCTION OF PRODUCTION. DISRUPTION OF LIFESTYLE. LOSS OF LIVELIHOOD. DISRUPTION TO ESSENTIAL SERVICES. DAMAGE TO NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE. DISRUPTION TO GOVERNMENTAL SYSTEMS. NATIONAL ECONOMIC LOSS. SOCIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL AFTER
EFFECT. ENVIRONMENTAL DISRUPTION
TYPES OF DISASTER
Natural Disasters
Meteorological
Topographical
Environmental
Man-made Disasters
Technological
Industrial accidents
Security related
NATURAL DISASTER
• A natural disaster is a consequence when a natural calamity affects humans and/or the built environment.
• Various disasters like earthquake, landslides, volcanic eruptions, flood and cyclones are natural hazards
MAN MADE DISASTER
• Airplane crashes and terrorist attacks are examples of man-made disasters.
• they cause pollution, kill people, and damage property.
Distinction between Hazard and Disaster :
“A hazard is a natural event while the disaster is its consequence. A hazard is a perceived natural event which threatens both life and property….a disaster is a realization of this hazard…”
– John Whittow, Disaster. 1980
"Hazards may be inevitable, but disasters can be
prevented."
There could be many type of hazards:• Water and Climate Hazards • Geological Hazards• Environmental Hazards• Biological Hazards • Chemical , Industrial and Nuclear
Hazards
Types of Hazards
Water and Climate related disasters• Floods and Drainage Management• Cyclones• Tornadoes and Hurricanes• Hailstorm• Cloud Burst• Heat Wave and Cold Wave• Snow Avalanches• Droughts• Sea Erosion • Thunder & Lightning
Geologically related disasters
• Landslides and Mudflows• Dam Failures/ Dam Bursts.• Mine Fires
Earthquake
Tsunami
Biologically related disasters
• Biological Disasters and Epidemics• Pest Attacks• Cattle Epidemics• Food Poisoning
Chemical, Industrial & Nuclear related disasters
• Chemical and Industrial Disasters
• Nuclear Disasters
Accident related disasters• Forest Fires• Urban Fires• Mine Flooding• Oil Spill• Major Building Collapse• Serial Bomb Blasts• Festival related disasters• Electrical Disasters & Fires• Air, Road and Rail Accidents.• Boat Capsizing.• Village Fire
WHY? And WHAT about Man made Disasters?
Manmade Disasters• Urban fires • Village fire • Mine fires• Air, road and rail accidents• Boat capsizing • Electrical disasters • Chemical and industrial
disasters• Nuclear disasters• Mine flooding• Oil spill• Major building collapse• Serial bomb blasts• Festival related disasters
civil strife communal violence internal conflict, “complex emergencies” rapid or slow onset types
COMPLEX DISASTERSurbanisation chaotic growth policy disasterswar and civil strifeSocial violence
The Myths about Disasters
• It Can’t Happen to Us.
• The Nature’s forces are so Deadly the Victims will Die anyway.
• There is Nothing We Can Do.
THESE ARE THE TIMES WHEN EVERYONE HAS TO HELP OUTTHESE ARE THE TIMES WHEN EVERYONE HAS TO HELP OUT
Disaster Management
• Disaster management is the discipline that involves preparing, warning, supporting and rebuilding societies when natural or man-made disasters occur.
• It is the continuous process in an effort to avoid or minimize the impact of disasters resulting from hazards.
DISASTER MANAGEMENTThe body of policy and administration decisions and operational activities that pertain to various stages of a disaster at all levels.
An applied science which seek, by systematic observation and analysis of disasters, to improve measures relating to prevention, mitigation, preparedness, emergency response and recovery.
Encompass all aspects of planning for and responding to disasters, including both pre and post disaster activities.
AIMS/ GOALS OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT
• Reduce (Avoid, if possible) the potential losses (lives & infrastructure) from hazards.
• Reduce the risks by timely measures, short-term and long-term policies
• Assure prompt and appropriate assistance to victims of disaster when necessary.
• Achieve rapid, effective, sustained & durable recovery & rehabilitation.
What is Disaster Management
Disaster Management Cycle
Stages of Disaster Management Cycle
The cycle generally comprises four major stages:
1. Disaster Prevention, Preparedness and Mitigation 2. Disaster Response and Immediate Relief 3. Disaster Rehabilitation, Reconstruction and
Recovery 4. Long-term Development
Disaster Management Continuum
pre-disaster phase• Prevention• Mitigation • Preparedness
post-disaster phase• Response• Rehabilitation• Reconstruction
Six elements that defines the complete approach to Disaster Management.
Disaster Preparedness Framework
Rehearsals Public Education
and Training
Response Mechanisms
Warning Systems
Resource Base
Information System
Institutional Framework
PlanningVulnerability Assessment
COMPONENTS OF PREPAREDNESS
Typical Post Disaster Needs
The Initial Response
• Search, Rescue and Evacuation• Medical Assistance• Disaster Assessment
• Short term food and water provision
• Water purification• Epidemiological Surveillance• Temporary shelter
The Secondary Response• Repair or reconstruction• Reestablish or create employment• Assist with recovery of agriculture
through loans, distribution of farm equipment and tools
• Assist with recovery of small businesses and fisheries
WORKING TOGETHER WE CAN REDUCE OUR VULNERABILITIES
Scale of DisasterIs Dependent on :• Lead Time Available.• Intensity of Hazard.• Duration.• Spatial Extent.• Density of Population & Assets.• Time of Occurrence.• Vulnerabilities existing in the
Elements at Risk.
• Hazard X Vulnerability = Disaster
Role Players in Disasters• People : Individuals, House -Holds, Volunteers• Gram Panchayat : Sarpanch, Panchayati Secretary, Panchayat Members• Village Elders : Caste/Community/Religious Leaders, Teachers, Doctors, Engineers, Retired Army & Police Personnel• Govt. Deptl. Officers : Agriculture, Medical, Engineers (Housing, Roads & Buildings, Irrigation) Revenue Department, Public Health, Police, Defence, NGOs
Earthquakes57%
Cyclones 8%
Floods 12%
drought 70%
Landslides 3%
Hazard Vulnerability in India
One million houses get damaged annually, in addition to human, economic, social, and other losses
Zone Magnitude
Zone V Very High Risk Quakes of Magnitude 8 and greater
Zone IV High Risk Quakes upto Magnitude 7.9
Zone III Moderate Risk Quakes upto Magnitude 6.9
Zone II Seismic Disturbances uptoMagnitude 4.9
Source: IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002 (BIS)
SEISMIC ZONING MAP
Major Disasters in India
1984 Bhopal Gas Tragedy2001 Gujarat earthquake 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami 2008 Mumbai attacks 2013Uttrakhand floods
Floods July 2005
Tsunami Dec 2004
Super Cyclone Oct 1999
Flood, Assam & Bihar 2004
MAJOR DISASTERS IN INDIA (1980-2011)
Earthquake Uttarkashi, Oct 1991
Earthquake Chamoli, April 1999
Earthquake, Bhuj Jan 2001
Avalanche, Feb 2005
Earthquake, Latur Sept 1993
Tsunami Dec 2004
Bhopal Gas Disaster, Dec 1982
Earthquake, Oct 2005
Kosi Floods, Aug, 2008
Cyclone Aila, West Bengal, 2009
From 15 to 18 June 2013, Indian state of Uttrakhand and adjoining area received heavy rainfall, which was about 375 percent more than the benchmark rainfall during a normal monsoon.
16th and 17th June,2013The Day of Destruction happened in history of
UTTRAKHAND
FLOODING IN UTTRAKHAND…
HUMAN LOSS According to the official records 400 houses were destroyed and 265
were damaged 4,200 villages effected 6,000 people were dead,10,000 injured and 1,00,000 stranded
ECONOMIC LOSS 20,000 crores loss Major roads, telephone towers
destroyed due, communication lost Tourism loss
RESCUE AND RELIEF OPERATION
The Army, Air Force, Navy, Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP), Border Security Force, National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), Public Works Department and local administrations worked together for quick rescue operations.
Several thousand soldiers were deployed for the rescue missions.
Activists of political and social organizations are also involved in the rescue and management of relief centres.
Helicopters were used to rescue people, but due to the rough terrain, heavy fog and rainfall, maneuvering them was a challenge.
Even the Corporates joined hand to help the people..
• Struck the Odisha coast, off Gopalpur 9.15 pm 12 October 2013
• Winds raging at 200km an hour, storm surge of a over 3 meters and inundating areas up to half a kilometer inland
• 873,000 people moved before the cyclone made landfall
• 100,000 were evacuatedSome 600,000 people were left homeless after the storm swept through 14,000 villages mainly in coastal districts.
DEAD: Confirmed dead – 27
Nodal Agencies for Disaster Management
1. Floods : Ministry of Water Resources, CWC2. Cyclones : Indian Meteorological Department3. Earthquakes : Indian Meteorological Department4. Epidemics : Ministry of Health and Family Welfare5. Avian Flu: Ministry of Health, Ministry of Environment, Ministry
of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry6. Chemical Disasters : Ministry of Environment and Forests7. Industrial Disasters : Ministry of Labour8. Rail Accidents : Ministry of Railways9. Air Accidents : Ministry of Civil Aviation10. Fire : Ministry of Home Affairs11. Nuclear Incidents : Department of Atomic Energy12. Mine Disasters : Department of Mines
Disaster Nodal Ministry
Natural Disasters Management (other than Drought)
Ministry of Home Affairs
Drought Relief Ministry of Agriculture
Air Accidents Ministry of Civil Aviation
Railway Accidents Ministry of Railways
Chemical Disasters Ministry of Environment & Forests
Biological Disasters Ministry of Health
Nuclear Disasters Department of Atomic Energy
National Level
NATIONAL LANDMARKS IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT
• 73rd and 74th Amendments to the Constitution
• Eleventh Schedule and Twelfth Schedule
• High Powered Committee (HPC)
• Eleventh, Twelfth and Thirteenth Finance Commissions
• Tenth and Eleventh Five Year Plans
• Disaster Management Act 2005
• National Policy on Disaster Management
• National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)
Management of Disaster in India
Paradigm shift in approach. a) From Response and Relief Centre to:-
i) Prevention & restoration ii) Mitigation and Preparedness
b) From Ministry of Agriculture to Ministry of Home in 2002.
High power Committee under J C Pant-1999. i) Culture of preparedness
ii) Culture of quick response iii) Culture of strategic thinking
iv) Culture of Mitigation. All party National Committee under chairmanship of P.M.-2001
51
Disaster Management……contd.
DM Act - 2005i) Constitution of NDMA, SDMA, DDMA
ii) Constitution of NDRF/SDRFiii) Provision of Mitigation/Legal Actions
iv) Responsibility to each department
Inclusion in Five year plan
Development can not be sustainable unless D.M is built into development process
Recommendations by 13th Finance Commission Inclusion of curriculum in Education system
Community Preparedness/Awareness.
52
10 NDRF Bns A Specialist Response Force with :
-High skill training -State of the art equipments
A Multi Disciplinary, multi skilled and high tech Force
-for all types of disasters capable of insertion by Air, Sea & Land
All NDRF Bns to be equipped and trained for all natural disasters including NBC.
Dedicated exclusively for Disaster Response54
NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE (NDRF)
NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY
AREA OF RESPONSIBILITY OF NDRF BNS
Area of Responsibility will be relocated once NDRF Bns at Patna and Guntur get operational
Composition of NDRF Bns
Each Bn have 1149 personnel Each Bn have 18 specialist teams of 44
Members to handle natural & NBC disasters.
Each team have Engineers, Paramedics, Technician, Electrician, Communication
personnel & Dog squad. Organized, equipped and trained for all
type of disasters.56
Role of education and schools• Promoting and enabling Disaster Risk Reduction • focus on disaster risk education in primary and
secondary schools• to raise awareness and provide understanding of
disaster management for children, teachers and communities.
• structural changes to improve safety in building schools to protect children and their access to education, but also minimise long term costs.
• students of all ages can actively study and participate in school safety measures
Role of education and schools• Students can work with teachers and other adults in the
community towards minimising risk before, during and after disaster events.
• Methods of participatory vulnerability assessment, capacity assessment and hazard mapping have been be used with broader communities, schools and other institutions.
• Government can effectively reach out to communities and protect them by focusing on schools in DRR initiatives to achieve greater resilience to disasters.
SCHOOL EVACUATION PLAN
Disasters: Negative and Positive Aspects
Aspects Negative Aspects
Positive aspects
D
I
S
A
S
T
E
R
Damage
Interruption
Severe
Antagonistic
Scourge
Traumatic
Emergency
Risk
Development
Innovation
Sharing
Awareness
Self sufficiency
Transformation
Education
Resilience