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DuckworthLewis methodFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the cricketing term. For the Irish pop group, seeThe Duckworth Lewis Method.

In thesportofcricket, the Duckworth

Lewis method (D/L method) is a mathematical formulation

designed to calculate the target score for the team batting second in aone-day cricketorTwenty20

cricketmatch interrupted by weather or other circumstance. It is generally accepted to be a fair and

accurate method of setting a target score, but as it attempts to predict what would have happenedhad the

game come to its natural conclusion, it generates some controversy. The D/L method was devised by two

Englishstatisticians,Frank DuckworthandTony Lewis.[1]

Contents

[hide]

1 Examples

o 1.1 Stoppage in first innings

o 1.2 Stoppage in second innings

o 1.3 Examples in T20 matches

2 Theory

3 Application

4 History and creation

5 Updates

6 Criticism

7 Cultural influence

8 References

9 Further reading

10 External links

[edit]Examples

[edit]Stoppage in first innings

In the 4thIndiaEnglandODI in the 2008 series, the first innings was interrupted by rain on two

occasions, resulting in the match being reduced to 22 overs a side. India (batting first) made 166/4.

England's target was therefore set by the D/L method at 198 from 22 overs.

During the fifth ODI between India and South Africa in January 2011, rain halted play twice during the first

innings. The match was reduced to 46 overs and South Africa scored 250-9. The D/L method was applied

which adjusted the target to 268. As the number of overs was reduced in between South Africa's innings,

this method takes into account what South Africa would have scored before the first interruption. Despite

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ethod#Cultural_influencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#Criticismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#Updateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#History_and_creationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#Applicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#Theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#Examples_in_T20_matcheshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#Stoppage_in_second_inningshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#Stoppage_in_first_inningshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#Exampleshttp://c/Users/sachin/Downloads/Duckworth%C3%A2%C2%80%C2%93Lewis%20method%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_note-dec-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Lewis_(mathematician)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Duckworthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statisticianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty20_crickethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty20_crickethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-day_crickethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crickethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Duckworth_Lewis_Method

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Yusuf Pathan scoring 105 runs off 70 balls (8 four's & 8 sixes), India were bowled out for 234 resulting in a

33 run victory for South Africa who clinched the series 3-2.

Both examples illustrate how the D/L method is applied. In the case of the first match, as

England knewthey had only 22 overs the expectation is that they will be able to score more runs fromthose overs than India had from their (interrupted) innings. England made 178/8 from 22 overs, and so the

match was listed as "India won by 19 runs (D/L method)".[2]

This is not a perfect method in some conditions.

[edit]Stoppage in second innings

A simple example of the D/L method being applied was the firstOne Day International(ODI)

betweenIndiaandPakistanin their 2006 ODI series. India batted first, and were all out in the 49th over for

328. Pakistan, batting second, were 7 wickets down for 311 when bad light stopped play after the 47th

over.

In this example, Pakistan's target, had the match continued, was 18 runs in as many balls, with three

wickets in hand. Considering the overall scoring rate throughout the match, this is a target most teams

would be favoured to achieve. And indeed, application of the D/L method resulted in a target score of 304

at the end of the 47th over, with the officially listed result as "Pakistan won by 7 runs (D/L Method)" .[3]

[edit]Examples in T20 matches

During the2010 ICC World T20, the D/L method was used in the group stage match betweenSri

LankaandZimbabwe. Sri Lanka scored 173/7 in 20 overs batting first and Zimbabwe were 29/1 in 5 overs

when rain interrupted play. Sri Lanka won the match by 14 runs according to the D/L method .

[4]

On the same day, another group match between England and West Indies was also decided by the D/L

method. England scored 191/5 in 20 overs, and rain interrupted play after 2.2 overs of the chase when

West Indies had scored 30/0. According to the D/L method, West Indies were set a target of 60 runs in 6

overs, which they achieved with a ball to spare.[5]

The then English captain Paul Collingwood heavily

criticized the usage and appropriateness of the D/L method in T20 matches .[6]

[edit]Theory

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The essence of the D/L method is 'resources'. Each team is taken to have two 'resources' to use to make

as manyrunsas possible: the number ofoversthey have to receive; and the number ofwicketsthey have

in hand. At any point in anyinnings, a team's ability to score more runs depends on the combination of

these two resources. Looking at historical scores, there is a very close correspondence between the

availability of these resources and a team's final score, a correspondence which D/L exploits .[7]

Using a published table which gives the percentage of these combined resources remaining for any

number of overs (or, more accurately, balls) left and wickets lost, the target score can be adjusted up or

down to reflect the loss of resources to one or both teams when a match is shortened one or more times.

This percentage is then used to calculate a target (sometimes called a 'par score') that is usually a

fractional number of runs. If the second team passes the target then the second team is taken to have won

the match; if the match ends when the second team has exactly met (but not passed) the target (rounded

down to the nextinteger) then the match is taken to be atie.

[edit]Application

The Duckworth/Lewis method is fairly simple to apply, but requires a published reference table and some

simplemathematicalcalculations. As with most non-trivialstatisticalderivations, the D/L method can

produce results that are somewhatcounterintuitive, and the announcement of the derived target score can

provoke a good deal of second-guessing and discussion amongst the crowd at the cricket ground. This can

also be seen as one of the method's successes, adding interest to a "slow" rain-affected day of play.

Applied to 50-over matches, each team must face at least 20 overs before D/L can decide the game.

InTwenty20games, each side must face at least five overs.

[edit]History and creation

The D/L method was devised by two Britishstatisticians,Frank DuckworthandTony Lewis. It was first

used in international cricket in the second game of the 1996/7ZimbabweversusEnglandOne Day

Internationalseries, which Zimbabwe won by seven runs,[8]

and was formally adopted by theInternational

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Cricket Councilin 2001 as the standard method of calculating target scores in rain shortenedone-

daymatches.

Various different methods had been used previously, includingrun-rateratios, the score that the first team

had achieved at the same point in theirinnings, and targets derived by totaling the best scoringoversin theinitial innings. All these methods have flaws that are easily exploitable. For example, run-rate ratios take no

account of how manywicketsthe team batting second have lost, but simply reflect how quickly they were

scoring when the match was interrupted; so, if a team felt a rain stoppage was likely they could attempt to

force the scoring rate without regard for the corresponding highly likely loss of wickets, skewing the

comparison with the first team. Notoriously, the "best-scoring overs" method, used in the1992 Cricket

World Cup, left theSouth African cricket teamrequiring 21 runs from one ball (when the maximum score

from one ball is generally six runs). Before a brief rain interruption, South Africa was chasing a target of 22

runs from 13 balls but, fol lowing the stoppage, the team's amended target became 21 (a reduction of only

one run) to be scored off just one ball (a reduction of 12 balls).[9]

The D/L method avoids this flaw: in this

match, the revised D/L target would have been four runs to tie or five to win from the final ball.[10]

[edit]Updates

The published table that underpins the D/L method is regularly updated, most recently in 2004, as it

became clear that one-day matches were achieving significantly higher scores than in previous decades,

affecting the historical relationship between resources and runs.

At the same time as this update, the D/L method was also split into a Professional Edition and a Standard

Edition.[11]

The main difference is that while the Standard Edition preserves the use of a single table and

simple calculation suitable for use in any one-day cricket match at any level the Professional Edition

uses substantially more sophisticated statistical modelling, and requires the use of a computer. The

Professional Edition has been in use in all international one-day cricket matches since early 2004.

In June 2009, it was reported that the D/L method would be reviewed for the Twenty20 format after its

appropriateness was questioned in the quickest version of the game. Lewis was quoted admitting that

"Certainly, people have suggested that we need to look very carefully and see whether in fact the numbers

in our formula are totally appropriate for the Twenty20 game."[12]

[edit]Criticism

The D/L method has been criticized on the grounds that wickets are (necessarily) a much more heavily

weighted resource than overs, leading to the suggestion that if teams are chasing big targets, and there is

the prospect of rain, a winning strategy could be to not lose wickets and score at what would seem to be a

"losing" rate (e.g. if the asking rate was 6.1, it could be enough to score at 4.75 an over for the first 20 25

overs).[13]

Another criticism is that the D/L method does not account for changes in the proportion of the innings for

which field restrictions are in place compared to a completed match.[14]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Cricket_Councilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Cricket_Councilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-day_crickethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-day_crickethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-day_crickethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-day_crickethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inningshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inningshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inningshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Over_(cricket)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Over_(cricket)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Over_(cricket)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wickethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wickethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wickethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_Cricket_World_Cuphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_Cricket_World_Cuphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_Cricket_World_Cuphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_Cricket_World_Cuphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_cricket_teamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_cricket_teamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_cricket_teamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method&action=edit&section=8http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method&action=edit&section=8http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method&action=edit&section=8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method&action=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method&action=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method&action=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_note-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_note-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_note-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_note-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method&action=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method&action=edit&section=8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_cricket_teamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_Cricket_World_Cuphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_Cricket_World_Cuphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wickethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Over_(cricket)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inningshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-day_crickethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-day_crickethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Cricket_Council

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More common informal criticism from cricket fans and journalists of the D/L method is that it is overly

complex and can be misunderstood.[15]

For example, in aone-day match against England on 20 March

2009, the West Indies coach (John Dyson) called his players in for bad light, believing that his team would

win by one run under the D/L method, but not realising that the loss of a wicket with the last ball had altered

the Duckworth-Lewis score. In factJavagal Srinath, the match referee, confirmed that the West Indies were

two runs short of their target, giving the victory to England.

[edit]Cultural influence

"The Duckworth Lewis Method" is the name of a band formed byNeil HannonofThe Divine Comedyand

Thomas Walsh ofPugwash, which recorded a self-titled concept album of cricket songs.[16][17]

[edit]References

1. ^"A Decade of Duckworth-Lewis".BBC. 2007-01-01. Retrieved 2009-03-

21.

2. ^Scorecardfor the rain-affected 4th ODI between India and England on

23 November 2008, fromCricinfo.

3. ^Scorecardfor the rain-affected 1st ODI between India and Pakistan on

6 February 2006, fromCricinfo.

4. ^[1]

5. ^http://www.cricinfo.com/world-twenty20-

2010/engine/current/match/412685.html

6. ^http://www.cricinfo.com/world-twenty20-

2010/content/current/story/458375.html

7. ^Data Analysis Australia'sdetailed mathematical analysisof the

Duckworth-Lewis Method daa.com.au.

8. ^Scorecardof the 2nd ODI between England and Zimbabwe, 1 January

1997, fromCricinfo.

9. ^"22 off one ball A farcical rain rule leaves everyone bewildered",

fromCricinfo.

10. ^"Stump the Bearded Wonder",Bill Frindallexplains how D/L would

apply to 1992 WC semi-final

11. ^Rain affected rulesfromCricinfo.

12. ^Duckworth-Lewis to review their formula for T20 matches

13. ^Bhogle, Srinivas,The Duckworth/Lewis Factor, rediff.com.

14. ^Booth, Shane, quoted inFor a Fair Formula, Hindu Online.

15. ^Varma, Amit,Simple and subjective? Or complex and objective?,

Cricinfo

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n.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricinfohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricinfohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricinfohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_ref-8http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/wc2007/content/story/280142.htmlhttp://content-uk.cricinfo.com/wc2007/content/story/280142.htmlhttp://content-uk.cricinfo.com/wc2007/content/story/280142.htmlhttp://content-uk.cricinfo.com/wc2007/content/story/280142.htmlhttp://content-uk.cricinfo.com/wc2007/content/story/280142.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricinfohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricinfohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricinfohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_ref-9http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cricket/tms/6502207.stmhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cricket/tms/6502207.stmhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cricket/tms/6502207.stmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Frindallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Frindallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Frindallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_ref-10http://www.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/ABOUT_CRICKET/RAIN_RULES/DL_FAQ.htmlhttp://www.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/ABOUT_CRICKET/RAIN_RULES/DL_FAQ.htmlhttp://www.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/ABOUT_CRICKET/RAIN_RULES/DL_FAQ.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricinfohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricinfohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricinfohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_ref-11http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/DuckworthLewis-to-review-their-formula-for-T20-matches/477860/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/DuckworthLewis-to-review-their-formula-for-T20-matches/477860/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/DuckworthLewis-to-review-their-formula-for-T20-matches/477860/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_ref-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_ref-12http://www.rediff.com/wc2003/2003/mar/06bhogle.htmhttp://www.rediff.com/wc2003/2003/mar/06bhogle.htmhttp://www.rediff.com/wc2003/2003/mar/06bhogle.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_ref-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_ref-13http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1924/stories/20021206004410400.htmhttp://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1924/stories/20021206004410400.htmhttp://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1924/stories/20021206004410400.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_ref-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_ref-14http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/content/story/141952.htmlhttp://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/content/story/141952.htmlhttp://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/content/story/141952.htmlhttp://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/content/story/141952.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_ref-14http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1924/stories/20021206004410400.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_ref-13http://www.rediff.com/wc2003/2003/mar/06bhogle.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_ref-12http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/DuckworthLewis-to-review-their-formula-for-T20-matches/477860/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_ref-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricinfohttp://www.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/ABOUT_CRICKET/RAIN_RULES/DL_FAQ.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_ref-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Frindallhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cricket/tms/6502207.stmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_ref-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricinfohttp://content-uk.cricinfo.com/wc2007/content/story/280142.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_ref-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricinfohttp://uk.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1996-97/ENG_IN_ZIM/ENG_ZIM_ODI2_01JAN1997.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_ref-7http://www.daa.com.au/analytical-ideas/cricket/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_ref-6http://www.cricinfo.com/world-twenty20-2010/content/current/story/458375.htmlhttp://www.cricinfo.com/world-twenty20-2010/content/current/story/458375.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_ref-5http://www.cricinfo.com/world-twenty20-2010/engine/current/match/412685.htmlhttp://www.cricinfo.com/world-twenty20-2010/engine/current/match/412685.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_ref-4http://www.cricinfo.com/world-twenty20-2010/engine/current/match/412686.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_ref-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricinfohttp://aus.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/2005-06/IND_IN_PAK/SCORECARDS/IND_PAK_ODI1_06FEB2006.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#cite_ref-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricinfohttp://content-eap.cricinfo.com/indveng/engine/current/match/361046.html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16. ^BBC news interview with The Duckworth Lewis Method

17. ^Interview with band

[edit]Further reading

Duckworth, FC & Lewis, AJ "Your Comprehensive Guide to The

Duckworth Lewis Method for Resetting Targets in One-day Cricket",

Acumen Books, 2004.ISBN 0-9548718-0-4

Duckworth, F "A Role for Statistics in International Cricket" Teaching

Statistics, (June 2001) Volume 23, No. 2 pp 3844

Duckworth, FC & Lewis, AJ "A fair method for resetting the target in

interrupted one-day cricket matches" Journal of the Operational Research

Society, (Mar 1998) Volume 49, No. 3 pp 220227JSTOR3010471

[edit]External links

ICC's D/L method FAQ

Cricinfo's D/L method FAQ

Duckworth-Lewis.com D/L method online calculator

ICC's D/L method (standard edition) table of resource percentages

Cricinfo's explanation of the D/L method

ICC's explanation of the D/L method

BBC Sport's explanation of the D/L method

Calculator for the Professional Edition of the D/L method

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