Diversity through extrapolation of

microevolutionary mechanisms

GroupingsPopulation

Local group of orgs of one species

GroupingsSpecies

Populations of orgs that may interbreed to produce fertile offspring

Isolation of Subpopulations

Mechanisms of evolution cause isolated subpopulations to diverge

Geographic IsolationPopulations are physically separated

GeographicIsolationNatural selection, mutations, and gene flow occur independently in isolated populations

J F M A M J J A S O N D

Reproductive Isolation

Mating Season

for Group A

Mating Season

for Group B

Pops overlap, but are unable interbreed successfullyPrezygotic

Behavioral Temporal Mechanical

PostzygoticInviabilityInfertility

Reproductive Isolation

Evidence of Evolution

Fossil RecordExtant species are not the only ones to have existed on Earth

Fossil RecordSome fossils indicate missing links between extant groups

Evidence of Evolution

Rates of Change

Punctuated Equilibrium

Gradualism

Evidence of Evolution

Homologous

Structures

Evidence of Evolution

Analogous Structures

Evidence of EvolutionVestigial Structures

Biochemistry Molecular comparisons

indicate relations (closer match = closer relation) DNA Hybridization Protein Comparison (amino

acid sequence)

A

B

C

A BA+B

Evidence of Evolution

Similarity in embryology indicates common ancestry

Evidence of Evolution

Sponge

Jellyfish

Clam

Insect

Human

Evidence of Evolution

Chicken

Fish

Human

Rabbit

Salamander