Diversity Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species.
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Transcript of Diversity Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species.
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Diversity• Domain• Kingdom• Phylum• Class• Order• Family• Genus• Species
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Archaea• - Single celled prokaryotes
that reproduce asexually• 4 major phyla• Extremophyles• Have cell walls with no
peptidoglycan• Diverse metabolic
pathways
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Bacteria cell Wall
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Archaea• Methanogens• Live in the guts of cows,
and termites to help digest cellulose in plant cell walls
• C02->Ch4 (farts)• Methanobrevibacter
smithii
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ArchaeaMethanobrevibacter smithii
Scientific classification
Domain: Archaea
Kingdom: Euryarchaeota
Phylum: Euryarchaeota
Class: Methanobacteria
Order: Methanobacteriales
Family: Methanobacteriaceae
Genus: Methanobrevibacter
Species: M. smithii
Binomial name
Methanobrevibacter smithiiBalch and Wolfe 1981
1/10th
Of human Gut microbes!!
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http://www.colorado.edu/eeb/EEBprojects/schmidtlab/studentres/EBIO3400/Lecture11.pdf (lots more differences!!!)
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Eubacteria• Prokaryotic, single celled• Heterotrophic or
autotrophic• Reproduce asexually with
binary fission
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Eubacteria• 1 circular chromosome and
a secondary plasmid
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Eubacteria• Classified based on shape,
spores, metabolism(glycolysis for anaerobes , cellular respiration for aerobes), and ability to “gram stain”
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Eubacteria
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Eubacteria• Cyanobacteria (pond Scum)• Oscillatoria princeps
• D-Eubacteria• K-Eubacteria• P-Cyanobacteria• C- Cyanophyceae• O- Oscillatoriales• F- Oscillatoria• G- Oscillatoria• S- O. princeps
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Protista• Protista are simple, usually
unicellular eukaryotic organisms.
• Not animals, not plants, not fungi = Protist!!
• Usually aquatic• Aerobic• Very important component of
plankton• Reproduce sexually or asexually• Divisions (phyla) classified
based on Animal like, Plant like or Fungus like
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Protista
• Animal like-> “Protozoa”– Rhizopoda– Apicomplexia– Zoomastigophora– Ciliophora
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Protista• Division Rhizopoda• Move with a pseudopod
(false foot)• Eat by engulphing food
(phagacytosis)
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Protista• Division Zoomastigophora• “Zooflagelates”
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Protista• Division Ciliophora• example- Paramecium• Use cilia to move around
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Protista Plantlike Protista-> “Algae”• contain chlorophyll and
carry out photosynthesis • Very important aquatic
primary producers– Dinoflagellata– Euglenophyta– Bacillariophyta– Chlorophyta– Phaeophyta– Rhodophyta
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Protista• Bacillariophyta• The “diatoms”
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Protista• Dinoflagellata• “Dinoflagelates”• Sometimes show
biolluminescence • Red Tide
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Protista• Euglenophyta
– Unicellular flagellates – Primarily freshwater, but
important in some marine environments
– Many are heterotrophic (saprotrophic or phagocytic)
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Protista• Chlorophyta• Green algae
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Protista• Phenophyta• Brown Algae• Alt of Generations
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Protista• Rhodophyta• Red Algae• Nori- Iodine source
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Protista• Fungus like• Myxomycota- slime molds• Many nuclei for each giant
cell full of cytoplasm• Use pseudopodia• The organisms in this group
have a complex life cycle during the course of which they go through unicellular, multicellular, funguslike (form spores) and protozoanlike (amoeboid) stages.
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Protista• Oomycota• Water molds• Some species (e.g., Saprolegnia, Achyla) are
parasites of fishes and can be a serious problem in fish hatcheries.
• Downy mildews damage grapes and other crops.
• Phytophthora infestans, the cause of the "late blight" of potatoes. In 1845 and again in 1846, it was responsible for the almost total destruction of the potato crop in Ireland. This led to the great Irish famine of 1845–1860. During this period, approximately 1 million people starved to death and many more emigrated to the New World. By the end of the period, death and emigration had reduced the population of Ireland from 9 million to 4 million.
• Phytophthora ramorum, which is currently killing several species of oaks in California.
• Cell wall of cellulose, like plants•
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Fungi• Eukaryotic, nonvascular,
Heterotrophic, reproduce sexually and asexually with spores
• Alternation of generations• N-2N• Most are multicellular• Cell walls made of Chitin• Decomposers, parasites, or
mutualists (Mycorrhizea on plant roots for N)
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Fungi • Exoenzymes- digest food externally, then ingest it
• Store food energy as glycogen, like animals
• Vegetative-> Hyphae-Mycellium
• Fruiting body-> Produces spores (the cap)
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Fungi Phyla(based on spore arrangement)
Chytridiomycota
Zygomycota
Asomycota
Basiomycota
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FUNGIChytridiomycota(primitive Fungi)Sexual and asexual reproductionSpores are motile with a flagella
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FUNGIZygomycota(the molds)Sexual reproduction with spores with very thick walls
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FUNGI
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FUNGI Ascomycota- Sac Fungi-75 % of all fungi species-Sexual reproduction-Spores can be found in an ascus sac-Yeasts, Penicillium, truffels
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FUNGI Basidiomycota- “da club fungi”-sexual spores are born externally on a club shaped basidium-Gills on fruiting body to increase surface area
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Basidium
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Pizza Mushroom
D- EukaryaK- FungiP- BasiomycotaC- Hymenomycetes
O- AgricalesF- AgricaceaeG- AgaricusS- A. Bispores