DISTURBANCES OF GROWTH & DEVELOPMENTfayoum.edu.eg/Medicine/Pathology/pdf/6Neoplasia.pdf ·...
Transcript of DISTURBANCES OF GROWTH & DEVELOPMENTfayoum.edu.eg/Medicine/Pathology/pdf/6Neoplasia.pdf ·...
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DISTURBANCES OF
GROWTH &
DEVELOPMENT
Dr Sameh S. Abou-Beih
Lecturer of Pathology
Fayoum University
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Congenital Anomalies
• Agenesis
• Hypoplasia
• Aplasia
• Atresia
• Ectopia
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Acquired disorders
• Tissue mass:– Atrophy
– Hypertrophy
– Hyperplasia
• Cell Maturation– Metaplasia
– Dysplasia
– Regenerative atypia
– Carcinoma In situ (CIS)
– Neoplasia
– Hamartoma
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Adult naevi
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Congenital naevi
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Intradermal naevus
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Intradermal Nevus
Nevus cells
Melanin pigments
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BENIGN TUMOURS
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CHARACTERS OF BENIGN TUMOURS
I- Structure
Gross Picture: spherical or ovoid in shape, mostly capsulated with no haemorrhage or necrosis
Microscopic Picture: differentiated
II- Behavior
• Rate of growth: slow
• Mode of growth: by expansion
• Localized
• Effect on the host
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CLASSIFICATION OF BENIGN TUMOURS
I- Benign Tumors of
Epithelial Origin
II- Benign Tumors of
Mesenchymal Origin
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BENIGN TUMOURS OF EPITHELIAL ORIGIN
Papillomas: Squamous cell papilloma
Transitional cell papilloma
Columnar cell papilloma
Adenomas: Simple adenoma
Fibroadenoma
Cystadenoma
Papillary cystadenoma
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Squamous cell papilomas
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Squamous cell papilloma of vocal cord
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Mucous cell papilloma
Pedunculated adenomatous polyp
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Sessile adenomatous polyp
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Simple adenoma ( suprarenal adenoma)
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Fibroadenoma ( breast)
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Cystadenoma
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Papillary serous cystadenoma
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Squamous cell papilloma
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Squamous cell papilloma
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Squamous cell papilloma
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Adenoma
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Adenoma intestine (adenomatous polyp)
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BENIGN TUMOURSOF
MESENCHYMAL ORIGIN
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BENIGN TUMOURS OF MESENCHYMAL ORIGIN
Connective tissue tumors
• Fibroma
• Lipoma
• Chondroma
• Osteoma
• Myxoma
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Lipoma (clinically)
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Lipoma (clinically)
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Lipoma
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Chondroma (x ray)
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Chondroma
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Osteoma (x ray)
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Osteoma
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Osteoma
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Lipoma
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Lipoma
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Lipoma (mature fat cells)
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Chondroma
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Chondroma
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Myxoma
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Cardiac Myxoma
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Neurofibroma
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Neurofibroma
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BENIGN MESENCHYMAL TUMOURS
Tumors of muscles
• Leiomyoma
• Rhabdomyoma
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Uterine Leiomyomata
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Uterine Leiomyomata
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Rhabdomyoma of the heart
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Leiomyoma
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Leiomyoma
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Smooth muscles in leiomyoma
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BENIGN MESENCHYMAL TUMOURS
Benign Tumors of Blood Vessels
• Haemangioma Capillary haemangioma
Cavernous haemangioma
• Lymphangioma
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Capillary haemangioma
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Capillary haemangioma
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Cavernous haemangioma
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Cavernous haemangioma
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Lymphangioma
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Lymphangioma
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Lymphangioma
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Capillary haemangioma
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Cavernous haemangioma
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Cavernous haemangioma
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Lymphangioma
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Lymphangioma
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Lymphangioma
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MALIGNANT
TUMOURS
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CHARACTERS OF
MALIGNANT TUMOURS
I- Structure
Gross Picture
Not capsulated with areas of necrosis and
haemorhage
– In solid organs: fixed irregular mass with ill
defined borders
– In body surfaces: Polypoid (fungating),
infiltrating or ulcerative
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CHARACTERS OF
MALIGNANT TUMOURSMicroscopic Picture
- Loss of differentiation (anaplasia)
- Change in cellular morphology
Cellular polymorphism, nuclear hyperchromatism, many mitoses &
tumour giant cells
- Change in cellular pattern
(Loss of polarity)
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CHARACTERS OF
MALIGNANT TUMOURSII- Behavior
• Rate of growth
• Mode of growth
• Localizatin
• Spread:
Direct, lymphatic spread, blood spread,
transcoelomic spread & implantation
• Effect on the host
• Recurrence
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MALIGNANT TUMOURS OF
EPITHELIAL ORIGIN
CARCINOMASDefinition:
Malignant tumors of epithelial tissues
General Characters
Incidence
Age
Rate of growth
Mode of growth
Gross picture
Microscopic picture
Spread
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TYPES OF CARCINOMAS
I- Carcinomas of Surface Epithelium:
• Squamous cell carcinoma
• Basal Cell Carcinoma
• Transitional Cell Carcinoma
II- Glandular Carcinomas
• Adenocarcinoma
• Mucoid carcinoma
• Carcinoma simplex (undifferentiated)
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Ulcerative carcinoma of the skin
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Ulcerative carcinoma of intestine
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Carcinoma in solid organ (breast carcinoma)
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Carcinoma in solid organ (breast carcinoma)
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Infiltrating carcinoma
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Infiltrating carcinoma
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Fungating carcinoma
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Adenocarcinoma with microscopic malignant criteria
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Cytological criteria of malignacy
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Cytological criteria of malignacy ( abnormal mitosis)
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Squamous cell
carcinoma
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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Squamous cell
carcinoma
Cell nest
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Adenocarcinoma ( colon)
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Adenocarcinoma ( colon)
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Adenocarcinoma of colon
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Adenocarcinoma ( colon)
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Adenocarcinoma ( colon)
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Melanoma
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Melanoma
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Nodular melanoma
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Nodular malignant melanoma
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MALIGNANT MESENCHYMAL TUMOURS
SARCOMAS
• Definition
Malignant tumours of mesenchymal origin
• General characters
• Incidence
• Age
• Rate of growth
• Mode of growth
• Gross picture
• Microscopic picture
• Spread
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Sarcoma of soft tissue
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TYPES OF SARCOMAS
I- Differentiated sarcomasFibrosarcoma
Leiomyosarcoma
Liposarcoma
Chondrosarcoma
Osteosarcoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Myxosarcoma
Angiosarcoma
II- Undifferentiated
sarcomas
Spindle cell sarcoma
Giant cell sarcoma
Round cell sarcoma
Mixed cell sarcoma
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Liposarcoma
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Liposarcoma
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Giant cell
tumour
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Osteosarcoma
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Osteosarcoma
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Chondrosarcoma
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Chondrosarcoma
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Fibrosarcoma
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Fibrosarcoma
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Fibrosarcoma with frequent mitoses
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Fibrosarcoma
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Osteosarcoma
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Osteosarcoma
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Osteosarcoma
Osteiod tissue
Oseous tissue
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Locally Malignant Tumours
• Slower rate of growth than invasive malignant
tumors.
• Local invasion without distant spread (no
metastases)
• Proliferating tumor cells usually show low
grade atypia
• Examples: – Basal cell carcinoma.
– Carcinoid tumor.
– Giant cell tumor of bone.
– Adamantinoma.
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Basal cell carcinoma
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Basal cell carcinoma
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Basal cell carcinoma
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Basal cell carcinoma
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Giant cell tumour
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Giant cell tumour
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Giant cell tumour
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DISTANT SPREAD OF
MALIGNANT
TUMOURS
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Liver metastasis
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Liver metastasis
![Page 121: DISTURBANCES OF GROWTH & DEVELOPMENTfayoum.edu.eg/Medicine/Pathology/pdf/6Neoplasia.pdf · Fibroadenoma ( breast) Cystadenoma. Papillary serous cystadenoma. Squamous cell papilloma.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022013022/5f7e648b43ffab22c96ffe03/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
Lung metastasis
![Page 122: DISTURBANCES OF GROWTH & DEVELOPMENTfayoum.edu.eg/Medicine/Pathology/pdf/6Neoplasia.pdf · Fibroadenoma ( breast) Cystadenoma. Papillary serous cystadenoma. Squamous cell papilloma.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022013022/5f7e648b43ffab22c96ffe03/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
Lung metastasis
![Page 123: DISTURBANCES OF GROWTH & DEVELOPMENTfayoum.edu.eg/Medicine/Pathology/pdf/6Neoplasia.pdf · Fibroadenoma ( breast) Cystadenoma. Papillary serous cystadenoma. Squamous cell papilloma.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022013022/5f7e648b43ffab22c96ffe03/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
Peritoneal metastasis
![Page 124: DISTURBANCES OF GROWTH & DEVELOPMENTfayoum.edu.eg/Medicine/Pathology/pdf/6Neoplasia.pdf · Fibroadenoma ( breast) Cystadenoma. Papillary serous cystadenoma. Squamous cell papilloma.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022013022/5f7e648b43ffab22c96ffe03/html5/thumbnails/124.jpg)
Vertebral
metastasis
![Page 125: DISTURBANCES OF GROWTH & DEVELOPMENTfayoum.edu.eg/Medicine/Pathology/pdf/6Neoplasia.pdf · Fibroadenoma ( breast) Cystadenoma. Papillary serous cystadenoma. Squamous cell papilloma.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022013022/5f7e648b43ffab22c96ffe03/html5/thumbnails/125.jpg)
Metastatic carcinoma in lymph node
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Metastatic carcinoma, in lymph node
![Page 127: DISTURBANCES OF GROWTH & DEVELOPMENTfayoum.edu.eg/Medicine/Pathology/pdf/6Neoplasia.pdf · Fibroadenoma ( breast) Cystadenoma. Papillary serous cystadenoma. Squamous cell papilloma.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022013022/5f7e648b43ffab22c96ffe03/html5/thumbnails/127.jpg)
Metastatic carcinoma in lymph node
Tumour
masses
Lymphoid
tissue
![Page 128: DISTURBANCES OF GROWTH & DEVELOPMENTfayoum.edu.eg/Medicine/Pathology/pdf/6Neoplasia.pdf · Fibroadenoma ( breast) Cystadenoma. Papillary serous cystadenoma. Squamous cell papilloma.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022013022/5f7e648b43ffab22c96ffe03/html5/thumbnails/128.jpg)
Thank You