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MARAFEQ 09-08-2011 DISTRICT COOLING – ETS Technical Requirements - 1 - Version 1
DISTRICTCOOLINGLUSAILEnergyTransferStations
MARAFEQTechnicalRequirementsfortheconnectionofETS(s)totheDistrict
CoolingSystem
BYMARAFEQ
No:MQ:001‐2011
MARAFEQ 09-08-2011 DISTRICT COOLING – ETS Technical Requirements - 2 - Version 1
Content
Appendixes 4
1 INTRODUCTION 5
1.1 TheDistrictCoolingSystem 5
1.2 General 5
1.3 Definitions 6
2 THECUSTOMERSCOPEOFWORK 8
2.1 ETSPlantRoomforDistrictCooling,general 8
2.2 PrimaryServiceLine 8
2.3 PrimaryInterconnectingPipes 8
2.4 ETS 8
2.5 CUSTOMERInternalChilledWaterSystem 8
2.6 PipeCleaningandCommissioning 9
2.7 PressureTests,InspectionsandQualityControl 9
2.8 ProceduresforConnectiontoDistrictCooling 9
3 TECHNICALREQUIREMENTSANDRECOMMENDATIONS 10
3.1 DesignCriteria 10
3.2 NormsandStandards 11
3.3 ETSPlantRoomforDistrictCooling,ParticularRequirements 11
3.4 ETSInstallationandComponentRequirements 12
3.5 SecondarySideChilledWaterSystem,PumpsandOperation 12
3.6 SecondarySideAirHandling‐,FanCoil‐andTerminalUnits 13
3.7 Electricalpowersupply 13
4 SPACEANDEQUIPMENT 14
4.1 Locationandsizes 14
4.2 ETSequipmentrequirements 14
MARAFEQ 09-08-2011 DISTRICT COOLING – ETS Technical Requirements - 3 - Version 1
4.3 ETSEnvironmentandConditions 15
4.3.1 ETSROOMCONDITIONS 15
4.3.2 ROOMVENTILATION 15
4.3.3 PRIMARYINTERCONNECTINGPIPESPROTECTION 15
4.3.4 MAKE‐UPWATERANDCHEMICALWATERTREATMENTONTHESECONDARYSYSTEMS 16
4.3.5 WATERQUALITYONTHESECONDARYSYSTEMS 16
4.3.6 PLUMBING/EVACUATIONS 16
4.3.7 POWEROUTLET/LIGHTING 17
4.3.8 FIBREOPTIC 17
5 ENERGYMETERS 18
5.1 General 18
5.2 PLCRequirements 18
6 DISTRICTCOOLINGSYSTEMCOMPONENTSANDMATERIALSDESCRIPTIONS 20
6.1 Pipesandfittings 20
6.1.1 COMPONENTS 20
6.1.2 PIPES 20
6.2 Valves 20
6.2.1 ISOLATIONVALVES 20
6.2.2 MANUALBALLVALVESFORDRAINANDVENTOFTHEHEATEXCHANGER(S) 21
6.2.3 SAFETYRELIEFVALVES 21
6.3 Strainers 21
6.4 Indicators 21
6.4.1 PRESSUREINDICATORS 21
6.4.2 TEMPERATUREINDICATORS 22
6.5 TemperatureTransmitters 22
6.6 HeatExchanger 22
6.7 CIPConnection 22
6.8 PLCSystem 22
MARAFEQ 09-08-2011 DISTRICT COOLING – ETS Technical Requirements - 4 - Version 1
6.9 DistrictCoolingMetering 23
6.10 MeteringPlace 23
6.11 VentingValvesandDrainValves 23
7 INSTALLATION 23
7.1 Jointing 23
7.2 Insulation 24
7.3 Tagging 24
8 CHANGESTOTHESYSTEM 25
AppendixesAppendix1:Applicationfor“DesignConformanceCertificate”Appendix2:ETSExaminationsummaryfor“ETSConformanceCertificate”Appendix3:PI&D‐SchematicofETSinstallation
MARAFEQ 09-08-2011 DISTRICT COOLING – ETS Technical Requirements - 5 - Version 1
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 TheDistrictCoolingSystem
TheETS(EnergyTransferStation)istheCUSTOMER'spartofalargerpressuresystems,theDistrictCoolingsysteminLusailoperatedbyMARAFEQ.SincetheETSisapartoftheDistrictCoolingsystemitmustbebuilt,maintainedandoperatedinsuchawaythatitcomplieswiththese“MARAFEQTechnicalRequirementsfortheconnectionofETS’stotheDistrictCoolingSystem,MQ:001‐2011.
DistrictCoolingisanenvironmentalfriendlytechnologyforproducinganddistributingrefrigerationtorealestate.Foranefficientsystemallincludedpartsofthesupplychainneedtofunctionefficient.ADistrictCoolingsystemconsistofcentralizedproductionplant(s)adistributionnetworkandETS’s.MARAFEQheredescribesrequirementsfortheETSinordertooptimizetheDCsystemfunction.
Figure1:Districtcoolingsystem–generalschematics
1.2 General
This document describes the Technical Requirements for connecting to MARAFEQDistrict Cooling Systems. The document should be used for planning, preparation ofspecifications and procurement during initial design phases in advance of the formalagreementbetweenMARAFEQanddevelopers/sub‐developer/end‐users.
All technical requirements thatapplies forconnecting to theDistrictCoolingNetworkarespecifiedinthis“MARAFEQTechnicalRequirementsfortheconnectionofETS(s)totheDistrictCoolingSystem”
ThisdocumentreplacesthepreviouslyprovisionalMARAFEQ“Booklet1”toinsteadbeusedasadesignguidelineandfortechnicalrequirementsof theETS.AnydescriptionstatementsintheprovisionalBooklet1,willnolongerapply.
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1.3 Definitions
ETS TheEnergyTransferStation(ETS)isthepointwheretheenergyfromthedistrict
coolingsystemistransferredtothebuildings(water)coolingsystem.AnETSconsist
ofpipes,valves,filter(s),meteringandheatexchanger(s)s.
MARAFEQ MARAFEQisasautilitycompanythesupplierofdistrictcoolingandresponsiblefor
theoperationoftheDistrictCoolingsystem.
LREDC LusailRealEstateDevelopmentCompany.IsthemasterDeveloper.
CUSTOMER CUSTOMERistheClient/Sub‐Developer/End‐userinchargeoftheconnected
building.
ItistheCUSTOMER’sresponsibilitythattheETSisdesignedaccordingtothisETS
TechnicalRequirements.
PHEor
HEX
PlateHeatExchanger,componentseparatingtheprimarywatersystemfromthe
secondarywatersystem.DefintionusedcansometimesalsobeHeatExchanger
(HEX).
PLC PLC–(ProgrammableLogicController)aprogrammablemicroprocessorusedto
automatemonitoringandcontrolofindustrialplant.
PointofDelivery ThepointofdeliveryisdefinedaswhereMARAFEQscopeofworksfortheprimary
pipesystemends,wheras:
‐ Insidewallpenetrationonthebuildingsconnectedfromutilitytunnels.
‐ 1mintotheplot“set‐back”forbuildingsconnectedbydirectlyburied
pipes.
‐ ForbothcasesaboveMARAFEQwillinstallextraisolationvalves,inthe
outsidemainpipesystem.
Primary "Primary"referstothe(«Supply»and«Return»)pipenetworkcirculatingchilled
waterproducedinDistrictCoolingPlantsthroughtheMARAFEQdistribution
network.
Secondary The“Secondary”aretheCUSTOMER'scoolingwatercircuits(«Supply»and
«Return»)onthebuildingsidesystemsoftheheatexchangers.
PrimaryService
Line
ThePrimaryServiceLinerunfromthe“PointofDelivery”onthemainDistrict
Coolingpipesystemlocatedoutsideinthestreettotheindividualbuildinginterior
wall.Asetofisolationvalvesshallbeinstalledwheretheservicelinepenetratesthe
buildingwall
PrimaryInter‐
connectingPipes
ThePrimaryInterconnectingPipesrunfromthemainisolationvalvesinsidethe
buildingwalltotheETSPHE(s)locatedintheETSPlantRoom.
StandardETS TheseETSarepre‐fabricatedinthefactory,installedandtested.Theyaremounted
onasteelframe,andarepossibletotransportassembled,whichmakesinstallation
ofahighqualityandwithaminimumtimeonsite.Howeverconditionsand
restrictionsontransportationopeningsmayleadtothattheETSmustbe
disassembled,shippedandreassembledonsite.TheETScanthereforebebuiltin
modulesorwithassemblypartsonsite.
TheseETScanbedesignedwith1,2,3ormorePHEunits,dependingonthescopeof
thecoolingloaddemandanddesiredDCdeliveryavailability.
Non‐StandardETS ETSgenerallywith3ormorePHE,forCUSTOMERswithhighercoolingload
requirements.(Withpre‐fabricatedETSitwouldrequireaverylargefoot‐printfor
numerousPHE.ThenlargePHEisusedinsteadandassembledwiththeplateson
site)
TheseETSmustbebuiltonsite.Allcomponentsareshippedasseparatepartsand
assembledonsite.
TrialOperation TestingperiodoftheETSfunctionsbeforecommercialoperations,whereMarafeq
performstestrunsandcheckingtheETSperformance.
Commencementof
OperationService
Tollgatemarkingtheendofinstallationworktobedonebythecontractorand
chilledwateristhenavailableforusebytheCUSTOMER.Thisisthecontractualdate
MARAFEQ 09-08-2011 DISTRICT COOLING – ETS Technical Requirements - 7 - Version 1
registeredintheCoolingSupplyAgreement.
Commercial
Operation
TollgatemarkingtheapprovalfromMARAFEQoftheinstallationandafterfinal
adjustments,oncetheworktobedonebytheCUSTOMERisterminatedandhas
beeninspected,approvedandputintoservice.
Note:Operationstart‐upandputtingintoservicemaybecombinedintoasingle
operationiftheCUSTOMER’sinstallationsareoperationalatthetimeofputtingto
service.
MARAFEQ 09-08-2011 DISTRICT COOLING – ETS Technical Requirements - 8 - Version 1
2 THECUSTOMERSCOPEOFWORK
MARAFEQ reserves the right to supervise, inspect andapprove the installationof theETSandprimarysidepiping,i.e.theequipmentthatwillbeoperatedbyMARAFEQ.
2.1 ETSPlantRoomforDistrictCooling,general
The CUSTOMER should provide, at suitable space for the installation of the DistrictCoolingsystemETSequipment,the“ETSPlantRoomforDistrictCooling”.Thisshouldincludespacefortheservicelines,interconnectingpipesaswellasfloordrainandfreshwaterpiping.
MARAFEQshallhave fullanddirectaccess to theETSPlantRoomforDistrictCooling24/7.
2.2 PrimaryServiceLine
IntheCUSTOMER’sscopeofworksisincludedprimarypipesfromthe“PointofDelivery”tothelocationofthemainisolationvalveslocatedinsidethebuildingswallpenetration.ThepipesshallbeofindustrialstandardofDistrictCoolingandbythequalityapprovedbyMARAFEQ.
2.3 PrimaryInterconnectingPipes
IntheCUSTOMER’sscopeofworksisincludedtheinterconnectingprimarypipesfromthemainisolationvalvesinsidethewallpenetrationtotheconnectionflangesoftheETSPHElocatedintheETSPlantRoomforDistrictCooling.ThepipesshallbeofindustrialstandardofDistrictCoolingsystemsandbythequalityapprovedbyMARAFEQ.
2.4 ETS
IntheCUSTOMER’sscopeofworksisincludedcompleteETS(s)asdescribedinthese“MARAFEQTechnicalRequirementsfortheconnectionofETS(s)totheDistrictCoolingSystem”specifications.TheETS(s)belongstotheCustomer,andhasnorotating&movingparts.DistrictCoolingwillthereforecomparedtoChillers,locatedineachbuilding,havenoorverylimiteddisturbingnoiseorvibrations.ThemeteringequipmentisexcludedfromtheCUSTOMER’sscopeofworks,andwillbesuppliedandownedbyMARAFEQ.
2.5 CUSTOMERInternalChilledWaterSystem
TheCUSTOMERortheirrepresentativeshalldesign,provide,operateandmaintainthesecondarysidechilledwatersysteminaccordancewiththetechnicalrequirements.
Variable speed chilled water pumps and two way control valves shall be used forvaryingtheCUSTOMER’schilledwaterflow.
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2.6 PipeCleaningandCommissioning
The CUSTOMER shall prior to the commissioning perform a complete and thoroughpipecleaningoftheprimarysideandpipecleaningandchemicalwatertreatmentofthesecondary side chilledwaterpipingnetwork, so that at the timeof connection to theETS PHE, the CUSTOMER’s piping system is full of clean water and is clear fromunwanteddebrisandparticles.
After MARAFEQ approves the water quality analysis, the building system may bestartedandcommissioned.
2.7 PressureTests,InspectionsandQualityControl
TheCUSTOMERshallpriortoMARAFEQtakingoveroperationalresponsibilityfortheETSand theprimary sidepiping getMARAFEQ’sapproval for theworksdoneby theCUSTOMER.
This includes all the CUSTOMERS activities regarding cleaning and commissioning asmentioned in 2.6, but also necessary inspections, x‐ray, quality control and pressuretests. This approval must be obtained before MARAFEQ will connect to the DistrictCoolingNetworkandstartcommissioning/testrunfollowedbycommercialoperation.
2.8 ProceduresforConnectiontoDistrictCooling
ToconnecttotheMARAFEQdistrictcoolingsysteminvolvesaconnectionapprovalprocedure.TheconnectionprocedurestartswiththeCUSTOMERcontactsMARAFEQforanintroductionmeeting.ACoolingSupplyAgreement(CSA)shallbenegotiatedandsigned.PrecedingthesigningoftheCSAaMoUnormallywillbeagreedupon.ThiswillinitiateMARAFEQplanningoftheconnectiontothedistrictcoolingsystem.
TheCUSTOMERshallpresentestimationsofthecoolingdemands.MARAFEQwillreviewtheestimatedcalculatedcoolingdemandandassisttheCUSTOMERifrequired.
FortheinstallationsoftheDCconnectionandbuildingcoolingsystemstherequirementsinthe“MARAFEQTechnicalRequirementsforconnectiontotheDistrictCoolingsystem”mustbefollowed.
MARAFEQshallapprovethelocationoftheETSroom.TheactuallocationofconnectionpointfromtheprimarydistrictcoolingpipesystemwillalsobedecidedbyMARAFEQ.
TheapprovalproceduresfortheinstallationinvolvesthattheCUSTOMERshallpresent;(LayoutsoftheETSRoomforDistrictCooling),(Pre‐designofthebuildingcoolingsystems)and(Templatewithinformationfortheapplicationof“DesignConformanceCertificate”.)SeeAppendix1.
Whenthe“DesignConformanceCertificate”fortheETSplusinstallationofDCconnectionisapprovedan“OrderofDCsupply”shouldbesubmittedbytheCustomer.Theinstallationworkmaythenstart.
WhentheETSinstallationisreadyafinalinspectionshallbeperformed.MARAFEQshallbeinvitedtothefinalinspection,performedbyMARAFEQ.Whenthefinalinspectionisapproved,MARAFEQwillissuea“ETSConformanceCertificate”.Applicationfor“ETSConformanceCertificate”seeAppendix2.Start‐upforcoolingoperationswillbeinitiatedwhenMARAFEQconnectsthebuildingtotheDCnetwork.TheCUSTOMERstartspre‐commissioningofcoolingoperation,trialoperations,testrunsareperformed.AfterthisthecommercialDCoperationscanstart.
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3 TECHNICALREQUIREMENTSANDRECOMMENDATIONS
MARAFEQ reserves the right to review and approve the design of the ETS andsecondary side of the cooling system tomake sure itwillwork andoperate togetherwiththeDistrictCoolingNetwork.
The schematics of an ETS installation and the components is shown in the followingfigure.(CanalsobefoundinAppendix3wherealsothesymbolsareeasiertoread.)
Figure2:Districtcoolingsystem–schematicsPI&D
MARAFEQrecommendations:• ForhighqualityandshortinstallationtimeonsiteMARAFEQrecommendtheuseof
pre‐fabricatedstandardizedETS.• Theinstallationcandependingonneededcoolingdemandbedividedupwith1,2or
3 standardPHE.This applies for standardETS installations for subscribedcoolingdemandsbetween70and2900TR.
• Cooling demand over 2900TRwill need special attention, since standard conceptnormallynotcanbeused.
• Whenhighavailabilityofcooling isof special importanceat least two50%PHE isrecommendedinsteadofonlyone100%PHE.HigheravailabilitymightberequestedforCommercialusethanforResidentialbuildings.
• Agoodredundancycanalsobeachievedwithtwo60%PHE.IncaseofafailureononePHE,itisstillpossibletosupply60%ofthedemand.
• EachPHEshouldhavea20%extraspace forcapacityexpansionpossibilityontheframe.
• RedundancyPHEisnormallynotrequired.
3.1 DesignCriteria
Table3.1:DesignCriteria
Designpressure,primaryside Bar(g) 16Testpressure,primaryside Bar(g) 23MaximumpressuredifferenceoverETS(ΔP) kPa Tobeprovided
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Designambienttemperature forinstallation,primaryside ºC 50Maximumallowedpressuredropatnominalflowandsubscribedloadbetweenincomingisolationvalvesatthewallpenetration.NOTE1)
kPa 150
MaximumHEXpressuredrop atdesignflow kPa 65CoolingCapacity: TR TobespecifiedAvailabledifferentialpressure.NOTE2) kPa TobedecidedSupplychilledwatertemperature,DCSide(tDCS): ºC +5.0Returnchilledwatertemperature,DCSide(tDCR): ºC +14Supplycoolingwatertemperature,CUSTOMER Side(tCCS): ºC +6.5Returncoolingwatertemperature,CUSTOMER Side(tCCR): ºC +15.5Maximumchilledwaterflowpertoncoolingload(design): l/s 0.095NOTE1):ActualavailabledifferentialpressuredependsontheETSlocationintheDistrictCoolingNetworkandcanbemuchhigher.Themaximumpressuredropshallbeusedwhendesigningconnectingpipesandcomponentsassumingthecontrolvalvestobefullyopen.NOTE2):TheactualavailabledifferentialpressurefortheETSdependsonthelocationintheDistrictCoolingNetworkandmayalsochangeovertimeastheDistrictCoolingNetworkdevelops.TobeprovidedbyMARAFEQ.Notes:‐ Itiscriticalthatallairhandlingunits,fancoilsunitsetcaredesignedforthestatedCustomerSide
temperaturesinthetableabovetoprovideatleasta+14°Cprimaryreturntemperature.Thismeansthatthemaximumflowrequiredfor1tonofcoolingloadis0.095l/s(1.5USGPM).Ifthebuildingcannotmeetthisrequirement,MARAFEQcannotguaranteeasupplychilledwatertemperatureof+6.5°ContheCustomerSideatpeakloadconditions.
‐ Pipepressuredropcalculationsandpumpsflow‐headdiagramsanddifferentialpressuresetatcircuitendoftheCustomer’schilledwatercircuit(secondaryside)aretobecoordinatedwithMARAFEQduringdesignstage.
3.2 NormsandStandards
Thesestandardsmustbeusedfortheprimaryside,butarerecommendedforthesecondarysideaswell.• EN253:2009 Districtheatingpipes–Pipes(applicableparts)• EN448:2009 Districtheatingpipes–Fittings(applicableparts)• EN489:2009 Districtheatingpipes–Jointing(applicableparts)• EN13480:2011 Metallicindustrialpiping• EN13941:2009 Designandinstallationofpre‐insulatedpipes• 97/23/EG PressureEquipmentDirective(PED)• Directive2006/42/EConmachinery• Kahramaa RegulationsfortheInstallationofElectricalWiring,
ElectricalEquipmentandAirConditioningEquipment(applicableparts)
3.3 ETSPlantRoomforDistrictCooling,ParticularRequirements
Whetherthe“ETSPlantRoomforDistrictCooling”isinaseparatebuildingorpartofanexistingornewstructurethereareseveralrequirementstoconsider.MARAFEQRequirements:• TheETSPlantRoomforDistrictCoolingshallbe locatednothigher than5meters
abovegroundlevelandhavesufficientceilingheight(min4m).• ThetransportwaystotheETSplantroom,includingalldoorsshallallowaccessfor
theheatexchanger(s)withoutanyneedfordisassembling.• Ventilation air into the room shall be filtered and cooled as required tomeet the
operating requirements/limits for all ETS equipment or to amax temperature of28±2oCand50‐60%RH.
MARAFEQ 09-08-2011 DISTRICT COOLING – ETS Technical Requirements - 12 - Version 1
• ETSroomlightingshallconsistofoverheadwhitefluorescenttypelighting(notlessthan150Lux).
• Firedetectionandalarmsystemshallbeprovided.• Lockable,insulatedsecuritydoorsshouldbeprovided.• Thespaceshouldbeprovidedwithallnecessaryoverheadandunder‐floorplumbing
includingservicewaterpipingandfloordrains.
MARAFEQRecommendations:• Theroomshouldbeacousticallytreatedsothenoise levelmeetstheCUSTOMER's
expectations.• The room should have finished painted walls and oil resistant non‐slip finished
floor.
3.4 ETSInstallationandComponentRequirements
MARAFEQRequirements:• Primarysystempiping,valvesandequipmentmustbeallwelded.Allshallbeof
industrialstandard.Noflangesareallowedexceptforthestrainer,controlvalve(s)andflowmeter.
• PrimarysystempipingandvalvesmustbepreinsulatedorthermallyinsulatedwithclosedcellelastomericmaterialtypeArmaflexorequalwithaprotectivejacket.
• Isolationvalvesmustbeprovidedinthesupplyandreturnpipearoundtheheatexchanger(s)toallowformaintenanceandcleaning.
• Safetyreliefvalvelocatedbetweentheisolationvalvesateachheatexchangerinordertopreventoverpressureduringshutdowns.
• Aballvalve(DN50)withhoseconnectionandcapformanualairventonthetopconnectionsideoftheheatexchangerasshownontheschematic.Alsoaballvalve(DN50)withhoseconnectionandcapfordrainageatthebottomconnectionoftheheatexchanger.Endplugscanberemovedfromeachendtoallowconnectiontocleanwatersotheheatexchangercanbeflushedandcleanedwhiletheisolationvalvesareclosed.
• Installationoftwothermowellsonboththeprimarysideandthesecondaryside,tobeusedfortemperaturetransmitters(TT).
• MARAFEQrequirestheusageofpressureindependentcontrolvalvesforhighestpossibleΔT,minimumenergyuseandreducedlabourcost.ForhighestpossibleavailabilityonecontrolvalveforeachPHEisrecommended,andthennaturallyseparatetermowellsforeachcontrolvalve.
• Astrainerisrequiredattheinletoftheheatexchanger(s)withapressuregaugearrangedsothatitispossibletomeasurethepressureupstream/downstreamthestrainerandinthesupplypipeasperattachedPI&Dschematic,seeAppendix3.
3.5 SecondarySideChilledWaterSystem,PumpsandOperation
MARAFEQRequirements: OnesetofvariablespeedpumpsforinternalchilledwaterdistributionforeachETS,
withanexpansiontankcompletewithasafetyreliefvalveforeachclosedloop.
Variablespeedpumpsshallbecontrolledbyutilizingat least two industrialgradepressuredifferential transmitters (PDT)across the twomosthydraulically remoteterminal units in each building as shown in Appendix 3. Exact location shall becoordinatedwithMARAFEQ.
Variablespeedpumpsshallbeequippedwithatleastonepressureswitchinthesupplylinethatwillstopthepumpsatmaxdesignpressureincaseofavalveclosureand/orafailurewiththeVFD:s(VariableFrequencyDrive).Thepressure
MARAFEQ 09-08-2011 DISTRICT COOLING – ETS Technical Requirements - 13 - Version 1
switchshouldbehardwiredtothepumpsandnotthroughtheordinarycontrolsystem.
MARAFEQrecommendations: AsindicatedonPI&DAppendix3itisrecommendedforlowflowcontrolforFVD
pumpstoadda2‐waycontrolbypassvalvearoundthepump.The2‐waycontrolbypassvalveshallcorrespondtoamaximumsecondarysidechilledwaterflowof5%ofthefulldesignflow.
3.6 SecondarySideAirHandling‐,FanCoil‐andTerminalUnits
MARAFEQRequirements:• Useonlytwowaycontrolvalvesforallairhandlingunitsandfancoilunits.The
valvemustbecapableofcontrollingflowthroughfullrangeofexpectedturn‐downandthroughfullrangeofexpectedΔPacrossthevalve.
• Test,adjustandbalancethehydraulicsystemtomakesurethatthechilledwaterrequirementofeachfancoilunitandairhandlingunitismet,preferablytheTesting,AdjustingandBalancing(TAB)shallbecarriedoutbyaspecializedthirdpartycommissioningfirm.
MARAFEQrecommendations:• MARAFEQstronglyrecommendstheusageofpressureindependentcontrolvalves
forhighestpossibleΔT,minimumenergyuseandreducedlabourcost.• Ifpressureindependentcontrolvalvesarebeingused,nomanualbalancingvalves
arerequired.Otherwiseallairhandlingunits,fancoilsunitsandmainbranchesshallhavemanualbalancingvalveswithself‐sealingtestpointusedforchilledwaterflowmeasurementasrequiredduringbalancingandcommissioning.
3.7 Electricalpowersupply
TheCUSTOMERshallprovideadedicatedDistributionBoardforPowersupplytotheEnergyMeter.Electricalpowerrequirementissinglephase240V,50Hz,10AmpsperETS.
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4 SPACEANDEQUIPMENT
4.1 Locationandsizes
Considerationshouldbegiventotransportationsandaccesssothatrepair,replacement,etc.easilyandrapidlycanbemade.Ifthebuildingownerdoesnotallowfreepassagetothebuildingaseparateaccessdoorfromoutsidemustbearranged.Spacerequirementsshouldbedeterminedbytheservicepossibilities.
TheETSroomshallbeavailableforMARAFEQforcontrolandmanualreadingofmeteringequipment.AtypicalinstallationofastandardizedETSequippedwithonePHEisshowninfigure2.
Figure2:Districtcoolingsystem–generalplaneandviews
4.2 ETSequipmentrequirements
Scopeofequipmentisexplainedinthefollowingtable.
C=ProvidedbyCUSTOMER(orhisappointedDesignerorContractor)M=ProvidedbyMARAFEQ
Table4.2:ETSscopeofequipment
SpaceforETS ShouldbeincludedCUSTOMERsscope
ProvidedfromMARAFEQ
Lighting C Electricalsupply C Meterplace C Floordrain C Flushingpossibility C
MARAFEQ 09-08-2011 DISTRICT COOLING – ETS Technical Requirements - 15 - Version 1
ETSprimaryside ConnectionValves C Strainer(s) C Pressuregauges C Temperatureindicators C Heatexchanger(s) C Controlvalve(s)DC C Differentialpressureregulator(ifnecessary,connectionshallbeincluded)
M
Dummypipe/flowsensors C Meteringequipment M(Note1)Ventingvalves C Drainvalves C CIPconnections C ETSsecondaryside Circulationpumps C Expansionvessel C Temperaturetransmitters C Pressureindicatorsandtransmitters C Safetyvalve C Fillingvalve C Strainer(s) C Drainvalves C CIPconnections C
Note1:Seealsotable5.1
4.3 ETSEnvironmentandConditions
4.3.1 ETSROOMCONDITIONS
TheCUSTOMERshallmaintainthefollowingambientconditionsintheETSroom:
Temperature: 28°C±2oC
Relativehumidity: HR50‐60%
4.3.2 ROOMVENTILATION
MechanicalventilationoftheETSroomshallprovidecontinuousrefreshmentoftheair,topreventcondensationthatwilleventuallycausecorrosiononequipment.
Ventilationairintotheroomshallbefilteredandcooledasrequiredtomeettheoperatingrequirements/limitsforallETSequipment.Seeconditions4.3.1.Minimumfreshairventilationration0.5volumesperhourandkeepingapositivepressurelevelintheETSroom.
4.3.3 PRIMARYINTERCONNECTINGPIPESPROTECTION
Thenetworkshallbeprotectedfromtheweather,watersplashes,shocksandingeneralanyriskofdegradationalongthepathoftheprimarynetworkinroomsthroughwhichitpasses.
Pipeprotectorsshouldbeaddedtoanypipingwithingarbagerooms,parkingrampsorotherhighlytraffickedareaswherepipingcouldgetdamaged.
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4.3.4 MAKE‐UPWATERANDCHEMICALWATERTREATMENTONTHESECONDARYSYSTEMS
TheCUSTOMERwillberesponsibleforfillingtheinternalchilledwatersystemalongwithprovidingbreaktanksofsuitablecapacitiesandwithpressurizationunitswhichshallbeincorporatedtopreventbackflowandpositivesupplyintothesystem.
ADN20potablewatersupplyshallbeprovidedwithaballvalveandAwaterlineshouldbestubbedtothespacewithahosebibconnectionforcleaningofthePHEwhendisassembled.
Thechilledwaterisconsideredanon‐potablewatersource.Consequently,thelocalwaterauthoritywillrequireabackflowpreventertobeinstalledonallcitywaterlinesconnectedtothebuildingchilledwatersystem.
Watertreatmentsystemincludingmanualfeedchemicalsdosingpotwithnecessaryrustinhibitorsandbiocidesquantitynecessaryfortesting,commissioningandoperation.Aspecializedprofessionalcompanyshallhandlethewatertreatmentsystem.TheCUSTOMERshallprovideananalysisofthephysicochemicalcharacteristicsofthewaterinhissecondarycircuit,beforetheCommercialOperationofhisETS.
TheMARAFEQOperationservicereservestherighttodrawoffwatersamplesfromthesecondarycircuitandanalysesitatanytime.
TheCUSTOMERshallpayformaintenanceandwatersamplingcostsifhiswatertreatmentisnotconformingtothespecificationsmentionedabove.Thesecharacteristicsmaybemaintainedbyconditioningthesecondarynetwork.
4.3.5 WATERQUALITYONTHESECONDARYSYSTEMS
Fortheoperationofthedistrictcoolingitisimportanttomaintainahighwaterquality.Theoperation’sisdependentontheheattransferbetweentheprimaryandthesecondary.AcleanPHEmustbesecured.ImportantisthattheCUSTOMERsecureaminimumwaterqualityinthesecondarysidesystemsinordertoreduceimpactoffoulingandalsothereducecorrosion.AfouledPHEsurfacewillleadtoreducedcapacity.Thefollowingcharacteristicsshouldthenbefollowed:
• TH<10°f(=100ppmCaCO3)
• pH:8to10
• Suspendedparticles:Sizegrading<0.4mm
• Contentofdrymaterials<0.2%(bymass)
• Conductivitybetween50µs/cmand500µs/cm
• Resistivitybetween1kand10k
4.3.6 PLUMBING/EVACUATIONS
Afloordrainorasump(withliftingpump)shallbeprovidedtoevacuatedrainwater,washingwaterandvariousdrips.Openguttersarepreferred.
Itshallbeprovidednecessaryventsinhighpointsanddrainsinlowpointswithoutletconduitslocatedalongthepathoftheprimarypipesasfarasthespecialconnectiontotheseweratthepenetrationpointintothebuilding.
Itmustbepossibletodischargewatereffluentstonearbydrains,afterspecificmaintenanceoperations.Thepositionsofeachshouldbespecifiedonconstructiondrawingsandondetaildrawings.
Ventinganddrainpointsshouldremainaccessiblefornetworkmaintenance.
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4.3.7 POWEROUTLET/LIGHTING
TheCUSTOMERshallprovideanadditionalandseparatedfromtheETS240Vsinglephase+earthpoweroutletprotectedbya16Acircuitbreaker(Dcurve),necessaryformaintenanceoperations.
Theroommustbesufficientlywellilluminatedwithoverheadwhiteflorescenttypelighting,sothatmaintenanceoperationscanbecarriedoutundergoodsafetyconditions.
4.3.8 FIBREOPTIC
Tobedecided.
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5 ENERGYMETERS
5.1 General
MARAFEQwillfreeissuethefieldinstrumentandtransmittersfortheenergymetersystem,thatwillbeusedforbilling.ThisequipmentshallbeinstalledmechanicallybytheCUSTOMER.ElectricalworksandinstallationofthethermosensorswillbedonebyMARAFEQ.TheelectricalconnectionandcommissioningwillbedonebyMARAFEQ.
MARAFEQwillgivedetailedinstructionsandsupervisetheinstallationofthisequipment.TheCUSTOMERshallprovideadummy(spoolpiece)fortheflowmeterandinstallwhenappropriate.
Table5.1:ETScontrolandinstrument
ETSControlandInstrument
Item Description SupplyBy
InstalledBy
CableTraysandladders
ConnectionBy
1 ThreadoletsforInstruments
C C N/A N/A
2 Thermowellsfortemperaturetransmitters
M C N/A N/A
3 Instruments(PT/PDT/TT/PS)
M C C(Note1)
M
4 FlowMeter(FM) M C C M
5 EnergyMeter M M C M
6 ControlValve C C C C
7 PLC‐Panel C C C C
8 Wiringforcontrols C C N/A C
Note1.Instrumentandsensorswillbefreeissuedincludingcables.
M=MARAFEQC=CUSTOMERorhisappointedDesignerorContractor
5.2 PLCRequirements
Nodata from the CUSTOMERBuildingAutomation System (BAS) is required for PLCmonitoring.MARAFEQcanhoweverexportdatapointsusedtocalculatebillingfromthedistrict cooling PLC to the BAS.Wiring between the BAS panel and the PLC and anynecessaryadditionstothePLCprogrammeshallbebytheCUSTOMERandaccordingtoMARAFEQrequirements.MARAFEQRequirements:The CUSTOMER shall provide, at no cost to MARAFEQ, all control wiring linkingbetweentheCUSTOMERsbuildingautomationsystem(BAS)toPLCintheETS.Thedatapointsusedtocalculatebillingare:
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‐DistrictCoolingSupplyTemperature‐DistrictCoolingReturnTemperature‐DistrictCoolingFlow
Figure3:Datapointsformeteringandbillingpurposes
Outputswill bepoweredby thePLC and shall be24VDC sinking at theCUSTOMERsBAS.
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6 DISTRICTCOOLINGSYSTEMCOMPONENTSANDMATERIALSDESCRIPTIONS
Componentsandfittingsshallbeofsamematerialsandhaveatleastthepressureclassrequiredintheactualsystem.Suitablematerialsaresteelandstainlesssteel.ConnectionsincludinganygasketsshallmeetrequirementsoftheapplicableANSI/ASME/ENstandardsandshallberatedforthesystempressureandtemperatures.Thecomponentsmustbeinstalledinamannersotomaintenanceandreplacementcanbeeasilydone.Connectiontothemainsshallbewelded/brazed.ComponentsoftheETSshouldbeofthesamematerialtoavoidgalvaniccorrosion.
6.1 Pipesandfittings
ETSthatareconnectedshouldbeexecutedsothatthedistrictcoolingsidepipingwithassociatedpartsmusthaverobustness.Thismeansthatthejointingmethod,couplings,sealingmaterialsandfittingsmustmeettherequirementoftightnessandmechanicalstress.Incouplingsgasketsshallhaveacentersupportsothatthewholesealingsurfacewillbecoveredbythegasket.
6.1.1 COMPONENTS
Componentsfortheprimarydistrictcoolingsideshouldbeofthefollowingmaterialswithatleastthequalitydefinedforeachmaterialtypein:
‐ Pressurevesselsteel P295GHorcorresponding
‐ Stainlesssteel AISI316orcorresponding
6.1.2 PIPES
Pipescanbemadeofstainlesssteelorblacksteelandshouldrespecttherequirementsofexistingmaterialsmeetpipestandards,furtherinformationcanbefoundinEuroheat&PowerTechnicalRecommendationsforDistrictCoolingPipesatwww.euroheat.org.
Usuallythepipesareofordinarycarbonsteel.Thedisadvantageofthecarbonsteelcoolingpipesistheriskofcorrosionattacks,especiallyfromtheoutside.Atlowtemperaturesbelow+5°Ccanbrittlefracturealsooccurinweldsforthelowgradematerials.Thereforemustso‐called“killedsteel”beusedinordertopreventbrittlefracture.Inordertoavoidcorrosionattackhasitbecomecommonwithalloystainlesssteelmaterialincoolingsystems.Stainlesssteelrequiresspecialskillsofwelders.
6.2 Valves
6.2.1 ISOLATIONVALVES
Mainisolaitionvalvesshallbelocateddirectlyinsidethebuildingascloseaspossibletothewalls.Connectiontothedistrictcoolingnetworkshouldbebywelding.
Isolationvalvesmustbeprovidedinthesupplyandreturnpipearoundtheheatexchanger(s)toallowformaintenanceandcleaning.
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Allisolatingvalvesshallbeoftypeweldedballvalves.Cautionisneededsothatthesealsinthevalvesnotwillbedamagedduringtheweldingprocess.
Allvalvesshallbeeasilyaccessibleandtagged.
6.2.2 MANUALBALLVALVESFORDRAINANDVENTOFTHEHEATEXCHANGER(S)
Twoballvalves(DN50)formanualairventanddrainshallbeprovidedforeachheatexchangerasshownintheP&IDschematic,Appendix3.Theseconnectionswillalsobeusedforfuturechemicalinjectionandperiodicflushingofeachheatexchangerwhiletheisolationvalvesareclosed. Providehoseconnectionandcapforeachvalve.
Body,discandseatratedforazeroleakageshutoffatnotlesspressureclassthantheheatexchanger(s)designpressure.
Provideleverhandlewithmetallicextendedstemforinsulation.
6.2.3 SAFETYRELIEFVALVES
Asafetyreliefvalveshallbelocatedbetweentheisolationvalvesateachheatexchangerinordertopreventoverpressureduringshutdowns.Thevalveshallbesizedforthermalexpansionatdesignloadconditionsandthesetpressureshouldbeconsistentwiththepressureclassoftheheatexchanger.ThecustomershallsubmitcalculationsandsizinginformationtoMARAFEQforapproval.
Directspringloadedtype(proportionalflow).
Leveroperated,withnonadjustablefactorysetdischargepressure.
6.3 Strainers
Astrainerisrequiredattheinletoftheheatexchanger(s)toprotectitfromanysuspendedparticlesanddebris.Thestrainerelementshallbepossibletodischargewithoutthestrainerneedstobedismantled.Theconnectionsshallbeflangedorwelded.
StrainershallbeY‐patternwithblowoffdrainvalve.
Screenshallbemadeofstainlesssteelwithmaxperforationmeshsize0.6‐1.0mm.
Screenshallbeaccessedbywayofthreadedorboltedcover.
6.4 Indicators
6.4.1 PRESSUREINDICATORS
PressureGaugeformanualreadingoftheprimarysidepressureshouldbeincluded.Thescaleshouldbefrom0‐25bar.
Industrialgradepressuregaugeshallbeprovidedandarrangedsothatitispossibletomeasurethepressureupstream/downstreamofthestrainerplusinthesupplypipe.
Thepressuregaugeshallbebourdontubetype,phenolicorstainlesssteelcasewithplasticlens,blacklettersonwhitesurface,solidfrontandblowoutbackstyle.
Stainlesssteelmovementandwettedparts
Gaugesdialshouldbe100mmdiameter
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6.4.2 TEMPERATUREINDICATORS
IncaseofmorethanoneheatexchangerrequiredforasingleETS,industrialgradethermometersmustbeprovidedinthesupplyandreturnlineofeachheatexchanger
ThermometersshallbeBi‐metaltypethermometerswith125mmdiameterstainlesssteeldialandshatterproofglass,blacklettersonwhitesurface,externalpointeradjustmentandrearangleadjustablewithconnectiontothermowell.
Thermowellsshallbe316stainlesssteelbarstockconstruction,steptype.
Thethermowellshallprotrude1/3–1/2pipediameterinsidethepipeandlaggingextensionsuitablefortheinsulatedpipe.
6.5 TemperatureTransmitters
Temperature transmitetrs can be done directly with thermometers or transmittersconnectedtosurveillanceequipment.Theyshouldhavearangethatcoversatleastthemaximumtemperaturevariation.Pocketsforthetemperaturetransmittersmustnotbeisolatedover. It should atO&Mbepossible to see if the transmitters aremounted inpockets.Thetemperaturerangeshouldbeadaptedforcoolingpurposesandpositionedsothatitiseasytoread.For each control valve two temperature transmitters with thermowells for theCUSTOMERcoolingwatersystemshallbeinstalledbytheCUSTOMER’scontractor. Thermowellsshallbe316stainlesssteelbarstockconstruction,steptypewith3/4”
NPTprocessconnection.
Thermowells shall protrude 1/3 – 1/2 pipe diameter inside the pipe and laggingextensionsuitablefortheinsulatedpipe.
6.6 HeatExchanger
ThematerialoftheHeatExchangers(PHE)mustwithstandbothsystemsliquidmedia.Nameplateshouldbevisibleandreadable.Forchemicalcleaning,themanufacturershallbeconsulted.PHEshallbelocatedonadriptray.
PHEshallbedesigned,builtandmarkedinfullcompliancetoAHRI‐400Liquid‐to‐LiquidPlateHeatExchangerswithZEROtolerances.
ManufacturersofheatexchangersshouldbeabletoshowthatheatexchangersmeetsthetestprogramdescribedinthestandardEN1148orequal.Thecontrolalsoincludesthemanufacturer'sdatadesignprogramsareconsistentwithproductperformance.Alwaysusethelatestversionofthedesignprogram.
6.7 CIPConnection
InordertomakeCIP(CleaningInPlace)ofPHEplatespossibletheETSshallhaveconnectionsinstalled.CIPisdonewithoutdismountingthePHE.
InordertosaveCIPchemicalsthewatervolumeshallbereducedtoaminimum.ForthistheisolatingvalvesshouldbelocatedcloselytothePHE.
6.8 PLCSystem
Thesystemconsistofcontrolvalvesandactuators,sensorsandPLCcabinet.Abilitytomanualadjustmentofcontrolvalveshallbepossible.ThePLCcabinetisduringcommissioningsetsothatstablecontrolisobtained.ThevaluesarerecordedanddocumentedinthePLCcabinet.
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Controlvalvesshalloperatewithoutdisturbingnoiseatadifferentialpressureofupto0.6MPa(6bar)atapressureofatleast0.1MPa(1bar)afterthevalve.Theremustbereadablesignonthevalveshowingtype,DN,pressureclassandkvs‐value.
6.9 DistrictCoolingMetering
Inrespecttothatthecoolingmetering’stemperaturesensormeasuresthetemperaturedifferencesfrom2°Cto25°Candthatthereisarequirementofabsolutetemperaturemeasurements,temperaturesensorandintegratormustbeadaptedforthispurpose.
6.10 MeteringPlace
Themeteringplacehasinthesupplypipetemperaturesensorandthereturnpipeflowsensorandtemperaturesensor.Inaddition,placeforintegratorandpowersupplyshouldbearrangedfor.
TheinstallationmustbedoneaccordingtoMARAFEQinstructions.Flowsensor;temperaturesensorandintegratorshouldbeinstalledsotheyareeasytoreadandreplace.Incaseswheretemperaturesensorsaremountedwithoutpocketsitshouldclearlybelabeledonthesensors.Temperaturesensorsshouldforbestperformancebeconnectedtointegratorwith4‐wireconnection.(NotpossibleonsmallpipeDN.)
TheenergymeterisMARAFEQpropertyandwillbeprovidedfortheinstallation.
MARAFEQshouldhavethepossibilitytoconnectthemeteringdevicestoaPLCsystemformeteringvaluestransmission.
ConnectedmeteringdevicesmustnotbedisconnectedbyanyoneotherthanMARAFEQstaff.
6.11 VentingValvesandDrainValves
VentingvalveDN15withbleedsshouldbeinstalledonthehighestpointinthedirectionofflowoftheDCpipesformanualextractionofairinthesystem.Thebleedsshouldbefittedwithvalveendcap400mmabovefloor.
DrainvalveDN15withbleedsshouldbeinstalledatthelowestpointofthepipes.Thebleedsshouldbefittedwithendcap.
7 INSTALLATION
7.1 Jointing
Worksontheprimarydistrictcoolingside(andalsoonthesecondarycoolingsystemifdirectconnectionisused)shouldbecarriedoutbythecompanywithweldinglicenseandcertifiedwelderswhocarriedouttheapprovedwelderqualificationtestinaccordancewithEN287‐1orpassedbrazingtestsaccordingtoQualificationonCopperpipesaswithBS1724orequal.
Installationofvalvesinprimarydistrictcoolingsystemmustweldingmethodbeusedwhichnotcausedamagetothevalveseal.Thereforeitrequireselectricfusionweldingiftheweldislocatedatshorterdistancesthan0.5mawayfromthevalvehouse.Inadditionthevalvesupplier’srecommendationsshallbefollowed.
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7.2 Insulation
Inordertoavoidcondensationofmoistintheaironthepipes,valvesandothercomponentsshallhaveinsulation.Inordernottogetcondensationwatertodripthefacilityshouldbeequippedwithdriptraysandisolationwithvaporbarrier.
Pipesshouldpreferablybepre‐insulatedaccordingtoEN253pipesorEN244fittings.
Isolationcanalsobeofcellularrubberwhichisgluedtogether,edgetoedge.Themontagemustbeairtight.Insulationthicknessshallbebasedonnocondensationwithanambientairtemperatureof28Cand75%relativehumidity.
PolyurethanefoamwiththetoplayerofAluminumisusedforhighrequirementsonvaporbarrierandresistanceagainstmechanicalimpact.
InsulationforheatexchangersarerecommendedtobeprovidedfromthePHEmanufacturer.
Generallyinsulationworkshallbecarriedoutbyanapprovedspecialistthermalinsulationcontractor.
7.3 Tagging
Pipes,valvesandequipmentshallbetaggedaccordingBS1710orequal.
Eachitemofequipmentshallbeidentifiedbyusingwhitenon‐corrodingshatterprooflaminatedplasticlabelsengravedwithblackletters,6mmhigh,thefunctionandnumberofeachpieceofequipment,i.e.primarychilledwaterpump,pumpnumbers,etc.Alllabelsshallbefixedwithscrewed,rivetedorgluedtoequipmentcover.Whereapieceofequipmentisinsulatedtheidentificationlabelshallbefixedtotheexternalsurfaceoftheinsulation.
Valvesshallbetaggedwithidentificationdiscsattachedwithwithasplitring,S‐hookorbrasschain,whicheveristhemostappropriate.
Allprimaryandsecondarychilledwaterpipeworkshallhaveself‐coloured,self‐adhesivePVCtapebandscolourcodedinaccordancewithBS1710sofarasthisisapplicableandatsuitableintervals.
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8 CHANGESTOTHESYSTEM
Oncethedesignhasbeenapproved,theCUSTOMERshouldnotchangeorreplaceanyequipmentduringtheinstallationwithoutinformingMARAFEQ.Anyfuturechangestothebuilding'scoolingwatersystemthatwillimpacttheDCsystemmustbereportedtoand,whenappropriate,reviewedbyMARAFEQ.
TheCUSTOMERisresponsibleformaintaininghissystemsothatitcontinuestoperformasintended.
Ifwarrantedbychangesintemperaturesandflowconditions,theCUSTOMERshouldverifythathissideoftheETSisproperlybalanced.
Appendix 1
Application for “Design Conformance Certificate”
(Design information that shall be included on the ETS plant PID)
Address……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Plot ID……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Gross Floor Area (GFA) ……………………………………………….. m2
Net Floor Area (NFA) – Cooled Area …………………………… m2
AHU (Air handling Units)…………………………………………….. TR …………………………………………(kW)
FCU (Fan Coil Units)…………………….…………………………….. TR …………………………………………(kW)
Process cooling ………………………………………………………….. TR …………………………………………(kW)
Others ……………………………………………………………………….. TR …………………………………………(kW)
ERU (Energy Recovery Units).…………………………………….. TR …………………………………………(kW)
District cooling system (Primary)
PHE supplier
Type / number of plates
Design flow m3/h
Pressure loss kPa
Design temperature oC
Building cooling water system (Secondary)
Design flow m3/h
Pressure loss kPa
Design temperature oC
Control valves / actuators supplier (Primary side)
Type of control unit / program version
Type of control valve
Flow m3/h
Pressure loss kPa
Calculation of valve DN/kv‐value
Chosen valve DN/kvs‐value
Regulating range
Actuator time “o to c”, ”c to o”
Appendix 2
ETS Examination summary ETS ID:
Date: Executed by:
Customer/Company: Type of control:
DISTRICT COOLING SYSTEM BUILDING COOLING SYSTEMMeter readings Temperature District Cooling Secondary side
1 Energy TRh 6 Temperature supply oC 8 Temperature supply
oC
2 Volume m3 7 Temperature return
oC 9 Temperature return
oC
Pressure
3 Supply, before strainer MPa/kPa Other
4 Supply, after strainer MPa/kPa 10 Outside temperature oC
5 Return MPa/kPa
Pos System / component Pos Fault description / remarkStatus: 1=Acute 2=Action needed 3=Info 4=Executed by observer
Status 1‐4
Proposedaction
District cooling system
Isolating valves
Strainer
Pressure sensors
Temperature sensors
Flow transmitter
Calculation unit
Temperature transmitter
Others
PHE
Control unit
Control valve
Buildings cooling system
Strainer
Pressure sensors
Temperature sensors
Pumps
Expansion tank / safety valve
Valves
Others
Other equipment