Distribution Inventory systems
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Transcript of Distribution Inventory systems
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DISTRIBUTIONINVENTORY SYSTEMS
Daniel SiswantoLab. Sistem Produksi
Jurusan Teknik IndustriUniversitas Katolik Parahyangan
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PENDAHULUAN
Tujuan DIS : minimasi total biaya transportasidan memenuhi kebutuhan gudang dari sumberdaya yang tersedia.
Time and place have value.
The objective of distribution inventorymanagement is to have inventoryin the rightplace, at the right time, at reasonable cost.
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HUBUNGAN DISTRIBUSI (1)
1. One origin withseveral destinations
Jika diasumsikan
tingkat permintankonstan JointReplenishment EPQ
ORIGIN
DESTINATIONS
One origin with severaldestinations
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HUBUNGAN DISTRIBUSI (2)
2. Several origins withone destinations
Pada kasus ini, EPQuntuk masing-masingorigin dapat dihitungsecara independen tanpamemperhatikan origin
yang lain karena tiaporigin menghasilkanitem yang berbedaEPQ/EOQ Single item
ORIGINS
DESTINATION
Several origins with onedestinations
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HUBUNGAN DISTRIBUSI (3)
3. Several originswith severaldestinations
Sangat kompleks,apalagi jika suatuorigin menghasilkanlebih dari 1 jenis item
mathematicalprogramming ataunetwork theory
DESTINATIONSORIGINS
Several origins with several
destinations
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HUBUNGAN DISTRIBUSI (4)
4. Severalorigins with aconsolidation
terminal toseveraldestinations
ORIGINS DESTINATIONS
CONSOLIDATIONTERMINAL
Several origins with a consolidation terminal toseveral destinations
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PULL VS PUSH SYSTEM (1)
PULL SYSTEM : The warehouse determines its requirements and orders
from the factory, based on demand in one geographicarea only
Orders without regard for the needs of other warehouses,the inventory available at the central warehouse, or theproduction schedule
The Order Point System, The Periodic Review System,The Double Order Point System, The Sales ReplacementSystem, The Base Stock System, Distribution
Requirements Planning (DRP)
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PULL VS PUSH SYSTEM (2)
PUSH SYSTEM : The forecast requirements for all warehouses aresummed by period, and scheduled production andavailable inventory is allocated to the warehouses
Consider total projected requirements (all warehouseand direct sales requirements), inventory available atregional warehouses and the central warehouse,inventory in transit, and schedule receipts from thesource (plant or supplier) and determine quantityavailable for each warehouse and direct factory sales
The central warehouse decides what to send to theregional warehouses
Fair Share Allocation
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DISTRIBUTION REQUIREMENTSPLANNING DRP (1)
DRP ties production and distribution planningtogether by determining aggregate time phasednet requirements at the same point in thematerial flow as the MPS
Each regional distribution center makes its ownforecast
The projected warehouse orders and the directsales constitute the demand on the centralsupply source (warehouse)
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DISTRIBUTION REQUIREMENTSPLANNING DRP (2)
With DRP :
1. Avoiding inventory build up in a location whenit is not necessary
2. Better anticipate future needs in variousdistribution centers
3. To coordinate the material supply more closelyto meet the actual forecasts of demand
4. To make adjustments to the productionschedule more rapidly when changes in themarketplace occur
See Fogarty Fig. 9-4
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/DRP.dochttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/DRP.dochttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/DRP.dochttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/DRP.doc -
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THE LATEST SHIP DATE
The latest ship date is the day projected stock ata given warehouse will reach zero, minus thenormal replenishment lead time of thatwarehouse
Addressed only the distribution of individualitem
Assumed that the central warehouse hassufficient stock to meet the requirements of allbranch warehouse
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FAIR SHARES (1)
Combine many items in one shipment ( a jointshipment)
The major fixed cost of shipping is spread acrossmany items with only a minor fixed shippingcost for each additional item
Assumed that the central warehouse may haveno sufficient stock to meet the requirements ofall branch warehouse
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FAIR SHARES (2)
TS = time supply in daysIi = inventory on hand in
warehouse i
di = daily demand for
warehouse i
Qi = shipping quantity for
warehouse i
Ri = requirements forwarehouse i during
runout period
iii
ii
i
i
IRQ
dTSR
d
ITS
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FAIR SHARES (3)
Ex : The central warehouse has 140 units of products
WarehouseOn
HandRequirements / week Daily Usage
Minneapolis 10 25 25 25 25 25 5
Atlanta20 30 30 30 30 30 6
Denver
18 20 20 20 20 20 4Pittsburgh
10 15 15 15 15 15 3
Total58 90 90 90 90 90 18
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FAIR SHARES (4)
TS = (140 + 58) / 18 = 11 days
The objectives is to ship each warehouse the
quantity required to bring its stock to an 11 days
supply
Q = 5 x 11
10 = 45 units
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FAIR SHARES (5)
Warehouse Quantity Allocated
Minneapolis 45
Atlanta 46
Denver 26
Pittsburgh 23
Total 140