Distribution, Diet, and Age(Final)2
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Transcript of Distribution, Diet, and Age(Final)2
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Distribution, Diet, and Age of Sculpin (Cottidae) in The Upper Columbia River Basin
By: Michelle J. Warren Advised by: Dr. Allan T. Scholz
Background Order Scorpaeniformes 70 Genera and 300 species Bottom dwelling Negatively buoyant Flattened bodies Scaleless
Most Importantly.... Indicator species for water quality Food for larger piscivorous fish
Characteristics
Table from: “Fishes of Eastern Washington: A Natural History, Volume 4” - Allan T. Scholz
Study Area
1. Sherman Creek2. Kettle River3. Flat Creek4. Big Sheep Creek5. Deep Creek6. Columbia at
Northport7. Onion Creek
Sample SitesSample Sites
Kettle RiverKettle River
Sherman CreekSherman Creek
Colville RiverColville River
Big Sheep CreekBig Sheep Creek
2.
1.
3.
Columbia
Columbia
RiverRiver
4.
5.
6.7.
Objective
1. Determine the distribution of native sculpin species
2. Determine age and growth of Cottidae within the study areas
3. Analyze stomach contents to determine diet
Methods
Aging
•Total of 29 otoliths removed
•Fish anesthetized in a 80 mg/L solution of MS-222
•Extraction of otoliths were done in a laboratory setting
•Otoliths stored in 70% ethanol
Diet Collecting Methods Two Methods: Fish were anesthetized in a 80 mg/L solution of MS-222 before being humanely euthanized
Stomachs were then removed within a laboratory setting
Gastric lavage was done with a small syringe and plastic tubing However, this is 60% less effective
Both Stomachs and Prey items were placed in 70% Ethanol
Diet Calculations
Diet Overlap
Fish Collection Results Mottled Sculpin (Cottus bairdii) (n=90) (29 to 97 mm) and (1 to 11 g ) KTL: 1.40 (± 0.41)
Prickly Sculpin (C. asper) (n=14) (35 to 83 mm) and (1 to 8 g ) KTL: 1.30 (± 0.50)
Shorthead Sculpin (C. confuses) (n=10) (45 to 90 mm) and (1 to 6 g ) KTL: 1.30 (± 0.10)
Fish Collection (Continued)
Torrent Sculpin (C. rhotheus) (n=83)
(22 to 130 mm) and (1 to 36 g) KTL: 1.33 (± 0.34)
Slimy Sculpin (C. cognatus) (n=10) (42 to 90 mm) and (1 to 16 g) KTL: 1.49 (± 0.44)
Distribution
MottledSculpin
Prickly Sculpin
Shorthead Sculpin
Torrent Sculpin
SlimySculpin
Kettle River YES YES YES YES YES
Sherman Creek YES YES YES YESFlat Creek YES YESDeep Creek YES
Big Sheep Creek YES YES YESNorthport @Columbia River YES YESOnion Creek YES YES
Average Total +(STD) Length in mm at age Age 1 Age 2 Age 3 Age 4
53 (10)
70(7.6) 92(1.4) N/A
Total Length in mm at ageAge 1 Age 2 Age 3 Age 4
50 63 93 97
Mottled Sculpin (C. bairdii) (n=21) Torrent Sculpin (C. rhotheus ) (n=4)
Prickly Sculpin (C. asper) (n=4)
Average Total +(STD) Length in mm at age
Age 1 Age 2 Age 3 Age 4
49(1.4) N/A 82 82
Length at Age
Common Prey Items Found
True Flies Caddisflies Stoneflies
Diet (Prey Items)
Order/Category Common Name FOC % By Number % By Weight Number Weight (g)
Tricoptera Caddisflies 0.83 0.42 0.17 71 0.32Diptera True flies 0.13 0.03 0.05 5 0.11
Ephemeroptera Mayflies 0.23 0.08 0.04 10 0.04
Coleoptera Beetle 0.033 0.02 0.02 2 0.01Plecoptera Stone Fly 0.2 0.08 0.08 13 0.18Odonata Damselfly 0.03 0.01 0.12 1 0.26Scopaeniform Sculpin 0.03 0.01 0.08 1 0.17Eggs Unknown 0.03 0.03 0.002 6 0.003
Lepidoptera Butterfly 0.03 0.01 0.01 1 0.01
Macroparts 0.1 0.12 0.01 20 0.03Detritus 0.43 0.20 0.43 35 0.97
Total(s) 1 1 165 2.1073
Mottled Sculpin Stomachs (n=30)
Diets (Prey Items)Order/Category
Common Name FOC % by Number
% by Weight Number Weight (g)
Macroparts Macroparts 0.4 0.57 0.19 13 0.02
Diptera True Flies 0.2 0.04 N/A 1 N/A
Tricoptera Caddis Flies 0.2 0.17 0.39 4 0.04Plecoptera Stone Flies 0.2 0.09 0.12 2 0.01Detritus Detritus 0.6 0.13 0.29 3 0.03
Totals 1 1 23 0.1055
Prickly Sculpin (n=5)
Order/Category Common Name FOC % by Number % by Weight Number Weight (g)
Diptera True Flies 0.25 0.22 0.03 6 0.02Plecoptera Stone Flies 0.25 0.07 0.65 2 0.29Parasite 0.25 0.03 0 1 0Tricoptera Caddis Flies 0.75 0.15 0.27 4 0.12Ephemeroptera Mayflies 0.25 0.08 0.02 2 0.01Detritus 0.5 0.44 0.02 12 0.01
Total(s) 1 12 27 0.4514
Torrent Sculpin (n=4)
Cx > 0.70Diet Overlap:
Order/Category
Common Names FOC % by Number % by Weight Number Weight (g)
Macroparts 0.5 0.6 0.12 9 0.02
Tricoptera Caddis Flies 1 0.33 0.79 5 0.09
Ephemeroptera May Flies 0.5 0.07 0.09 1 0.01
Total(s) 1 1 15 0.11
Slimly Sculpin (n=2)
Order/Catagory
Common Name FOC % by Number % by Weight Number Weight (g)
Tricoptera Caddis Flies 1.5 0.4 0.70 12 0.04macropart 0.5 0.2 0.05 8 0.002Nematode Roundworm 0.5 0.03 0.03 1 0.001Detritus 0.5 0.27 0.17 8 0.01Plecoptera Stone Flies 0.5 0.03 0.05 1 0.003
Total(s) 1 1 30 0.06
Shorthead Sculpin (n=2)
Diet OverlapsPrickly Sculpin
Slimy Sculpin 0.89
Shorthead Sculpin
Slimy Sculpin 0.99
Prickly SculpinTorrent Sculpin 0.85
• Cx Needs to be over 0.70 to show a significant Diet Overlap
• Mottled Sculpin had no Diet Overlap
• Slimy Sculpin had a diet overlap with both Prickly and Shorhead Sculpin
• Torrent Sculpin had a Diet Overlap with Prickly Sculpin
Discussion Research is mostly focused on Salmonids ( Salmon, trout, chars, freshwater whitefishes, and graylings)
These data add to the limited research conducted
Results showed:
Caddis Flies are the most popular of Prey Items
Torrent Sculpin are widely distributed
Torrent Sculpin are the largest (Weight/Length) of the Cottidae
Fulton Condition Factor was around KTL 1.30-1.49
Acknowledgments EWU Students: Byran Witte, Brian Dietz,
Jessica Walston, Jenna Hatem,
Shawna Warehime and Tyler Janasz.
United States Forest Service and Washington
Department of Fish and Wildlife.
QUESTIONS?