Distributed Cell Site Architecture

Miguel Cizin, CEO Celerica, Inc.

CDG Wireless Technology ForumOctober 1, 2002 San Francisco, CA

2

Agenda

- Base Station Deployment Challenges- Distributed Cell Site Architecture - Introduction- Benefits and Applications- Use of Wireless Optical Technology as a Solution- Business Case- CDMA Operator Trial of Solution- Summary

Distributed Cell Site Architecture

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Company Overview

– Founded in 2000– Headquartered in Morristown, NJ; R&D in Israel– Founders and management possess significant

expertise in:– radio (RF) communication systems– electro-optics– optical wireless– carrier-grade NMS

– Backers include Charles River Ventures, Pitango,Ridgewood Capital, Star Ventures, Platinum

Celerica eases the process and lowers the cost of urbannetwork expansion for the cellular industry

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Base Station Deployment Challenges

Adding Network Capacity in Cities

Traditional site deployment– Costly– Time consuming– Sub-Optimal grid location– Inefficient Utilization of Infrastructure

Expansion Challenges– Real estate– Supporting facilities

• Fiber/backhaul• Electrical power, A/C

– Degradation of grid efficiency• Radio propagation characteristics

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Distributed Cell Site Architecture - Introduction

– New or existing sites becomeBTS Hubs

– BTS Hubs store equipment fortwo or more base stations

– Remote cells are created inlieu of conventional cells byextending the link between theradio equipment at the BTSHubs to antennas at remotelocations

– Remote cells are installed atnew base station locations

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Extending the Link Between BTS and Antennas

– Links between the BTS and antennas canbe extended using RF (microwave), fiber oroptical wireless (laser) technology

– Extended links are designed to betransparent and should match conventionalcell deployment performance

– Optical wireless technology is well suited fordense urban environments

• High Capacity• Unlicensed• Frequency and Technology Independent• High Reliability in Urban Environments• Easy Installation

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Wireless Optical Link Between BTS and Antenna

Legend:

Existing BTS Site

Legend:

Existing BTS Co-axial Cable

New BTS Optical Wireless Links

RF/EO/RF Converter Fiber Optic Cable

TTE (Tower Top Electronics)

BTS Hub Remote Cell

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Distributed Cell Site Architecture Benefits

Benefits– Investment Protection

• Builds on existing infrastructure• Lowers expansion costs• Reduces operation & maintenance costs• New engineering opportunities for fewer, larger backhaul links• Trunking efficiencies• Consolidation of BTS units decreases common costs

– Increased End User Satisfaction• Adding cells = lower radiation levels• Increase in handset battery life• Provides incremental capacity growth and in-building coverage

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Applications

Distributed Cell Site Architecture Applications

– Difficult Deployments– Technology Overlays or New Networks– Cost Effective Capacity Addition– Provide In-Building Coverage

• Extension of Capacity to Buildings• Distribute Signals via Fiber Connection

– Scalable High Capacity Repeater Alternative– CDMA Pilot Pollution– Facilities and Equipment Sharing– Coax Cable Replacement – FSO or Fiber

• Reduce Costs and Easy Installation• Damage and Lightning Protection

Celerica 500 System Configuration

OpticalHead Unit

BaseStation

Site

SymmetricDonor

Remote Unit

AntennaSite

CellularAntennas

Data Network

BaseTransceiver

Station

ManagementSystem

Workstation

RS-422

NETWORKOPERATIONS

CENTER(REMOTE

INTERFACE)

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Product Features

Celerica 500 System Key Product Features

– 99.999% Link Availability– Automatic Gain Control– Supports All 2G and 3G Technologies– Simultaneously Supports Multiple Technologies and

Multiple Operators– Extensive SNMP-Based Operations and Performance

Monitoring Capabilities– Supports Transmit and Receive Diversity– Can be Used With Smart Antennas and Other Capacity

Enhancement Tools– Compliance With All Applicable Safety Standards

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– Building• Re-use existing sites vs. construction costs of new site• Lower/shared lease cost of scarce space

– Backhaul (2.5G/3G drives need for ATM/IP)• Upgrade existing vs. install new backhaul• Trunking efficiency (fiber, SDH aggregation)

– BTS/Radio capex• Trunking efficiency (radio pool)• BTS spare capacity distribution – load balancing• Grid optimization (fewer sites)

– Maintenance/operations costs– Time-to-market (air-time revenue, customer satisfaction)

Business Case

Typical NPV Savings for New Cell Sites: 30-50%

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Field Measurements and Proof of Concept

– Israel• CDMA Operator – Market Trial with Live

Subscribers– Europe

• Major UMTS Operator – Initial ProductEvaluation

• Completed in One Day– Asia

• Taiwan – UMTS Trial in Typhoon Conditions

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CDMA Operator Trial

Current Situation– In-Building Coax Distributed Antenna System (DAS) in Shopping Mall– 4 CDMA carriers are fed to the DAS using 2 repeaters (Repeater #1: channels

1,3; Repeater #2: channels 2,4)– Donor Sector, facing Shopping Mall, is located 1300 feet (400m) away

Problem– Donor Sector (Sector Y) is at full capacity because it also serves traffic at

street level at donor site– Other Sectors at donor sites have spare capacity which repeater cannot use– Repeaters (with 200m coax cable runs from antenna to repeater) have very

high Noise Figure - causing coverage “holes’ in the parking lot areasSolution

– Replace the two Repeaters with one Celerica 500 System– Use spare capacity from opposite sector (sector X) at donor site– Solution relieves congestion at street level on Sector Y, and provides load

balancing of entire cell site– Celerica 500 replaces 200m coax cable run with fiber runs– Provided much better sensitivity (for the parking lot holes) – Average mobile

transmitting power decreased by 16dB!– System was tested for over two months

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New In-Building Solution:Celerica 500 system Using Sector X

Serves indoor DASFrom Sector X

• No need for dedicated BTS (micro/pico) to feed indoor distribution network.

Legend:

Existing BTS Co-axial Cable

New BTS Celerica Optical Wireless Links

RF/EO/RF Converter Fiber Optic Cable

TMA/TMB

Celerica 500

Sector Y – Restored capacity

Sector X –Spare CapacityAvailable forDAS and street

Connected to Sector X by 30dBDirectional Coupler

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Antenna Connections

Replaced Repeater

Carriers 1,3

Replaced

Repeater

Carriers 2,4

Feeding Point for

RF distribution SDRU

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Optical Head Alignment

Donor BTS (1300 feet/400m)

Optical Head atRemote site (Shopping Mall)

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Measurements FromCelerica’s NMS (Two weeks after start)

All dBm records

-76.09

-66.09

-56.09

-46.09

-36.09

-26.09

-16.09

-6.09

21:10

20:30

19:50

19:10

18:30

17:50

17:10

16:30

15:50

15:10

14:30

13:50

13:10

12:30

11:50

11:10

10:30

9:50

9:10

8:30

7:50

7:10

6:30

5:50

5:10

4:30

3:50 3:10

2:30

1:50 1:10

0:30

23:50

23:10

22:30

21:50

FSO RF Loss dB Optical Rx Power @ Remote (DNL) dBm RF Mobile Rx (UPL) dBm

24-Jun-02- 25-Jun-

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UMTS Operator Product Evaluation

Current Situation– Major UMTS Operator will implement a new UMTS network– Celerica 500 is needed to speed deployment and reduce deployment costs– Operator to conduct one day test to evaluate system operation and transparency– 3GPP 25.104 tests for full compliance with specification

Problem– Difficult to deploy new base stations quickly using conventional deployment

processes– Conventional deployment is costly, given rising costs of civil works, site rent,

backhaul and other itemsSolution

– Celerica 500 used as a part of the overall base station deployment to reduce costsand speed deployment using distributed cell site architecture

– Conduct initial test of system to evaluate performance and transparency– 40 meter extension for an NEC BTS, one sector with diversity– Celerica 500 installed in just 2.5 hours– Demonstrated transparency for gain (uplink, downlink and diversity – all channels),

Uplink Noise Figure of 5.5 dB, Intermodulation Distortion of 65 – 73 dBc (checkedin 5 – 10 dB steps), Spectral re-growth of -48 dBc @ 5 MHz

– Data and Voice drive tests completed

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System Installation

DU side (3 BTS)

RU side (3 HQ)

Antennas on RU side

40m

SDRU

OH

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Product Evaluation Results

– 3GPP 25.104 tests: full compliance

– Data and voice drive tests: Showed similar results as the drivetests w/o the C500.

– Installation duration: 2½ Hours

Antennas

BTS

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UMTS Operator Trial in Taiwan

Current Situation– UMTS Operator in Taiwan will implement a new UMTS network– Celerica 500 is needed for UMTS deployment and coaxial cable replacement– Trial completed to evaluate UMTS compliance, performance with both optical

wireless and fiber connectionsProblem

– Difficult to deploy new base stations quickly using conventional deploymentprocesses

– Vandalism and other problems with coaxial cable inside buildings– Environmental conditions – typhoons and earthquakes

Solution– Celerica 500 implemented to distribute RF over optical wireless and fiber, and for

indoor and rural solutions– Directional and Omni RF coverage extensions evaluated– 5 to 20 Watts per carrier, single carrier implementation– Demonstrated link stability and performance during mild earthquake and typhoon

conditions (heavy rain and high winds)– Completed UMTS compliance test for all scenarios

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Transceiver Installation and Uplink Results

- Input Signal = -70 dBm @ 1932.4 MHzNoise Figure < 8 dB

- Dynamic Range (in-band rejection) > 60 dB

- Gain = .51 dB

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Optical Head Installation and Downlink Results

- Dynamic Range (in-band rejection)75 to 79 dBc

- Gain = -5 dB (without amplifier)

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UMTS Operator Trial in Taiwan

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Summary

Distributed Cell Site Architecture

– Reduces Capital and Operating Expenses by as Muchas 50%

– Speeds Urban Base Station Deployment and Time toProfit

– Optical Wireless Technology Has High Reliability andAvailability in Urban Environments

– Field Tests Confirm Reliability, Link Transparency andPerformance

– Distributed Cell Site Architecture Solutions Can beImplemented as a Part of an Overall NetworkDeployment or Expansion

www.celerica.com