Disrupting Global Logistics - IEEE...

IEEE RFID 2015

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Disrupting Global Logistics

ISO’s New Supply Chain StandardFred Tubb

iControl Incorporatedhttp://www.iControl-Inc.com

Avoid train wrecks.

Use Standards.

http://www.icontrol-inc.com/

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Disruptive Technologies



What are Disruptive Technologies?

1) Emerging technology currently not deployed in the market

2) Will likely displace legacy processes or products

3) Creates a new market (often multiple markets)

Recent examples:

a) Personal computer vs typewriters,

b) Cell phones vs land lines,

c) Email vs Fax machines,

d) LED lighting vs incandescent bulbs.

e) Search Engines vs Public Library

IEEE as a standards body has been involved with 1000’s of

disruptive technologies.

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Disruptive TechnologiesStandards Improve Odds of Success

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Monetary StandardsGlobalization (1950’s Style)

Post WWII:- 1944 Bretton Woods ConferenceProduce financial standards designed to enhance world trade.Next 12 years implement:

- World Trade Organization (WTO)- International Trade Organization (ITO)- Harmonization and tariff reduction- IP Recognition and Protection

Barriers dropped, but global trade organizations failed to identify advances in technology to implement trade goals

Standards That Changed The World

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1950’s: DoD experimented with containerized freight 1960’s: Transporting goods remained highly inefficient

Shipping Industry:Cost driven goal to create a system standard

1968: ISO 1968-72 Created ISO Container Specification

- Quantization of cargo- Re-Usable Containers- Predictable end to end delivery- Security- Universal handling equipment

Today: Greater than 35M containers in circulation (WSC)

Mechanical StandardsBefore the Internet, Mechanical Engineer’s ruled


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Personal Computing andInternet ProtocolsGlobalization of Knowledge

- Global Communication:- Common Language- Frame of reference- Remote control- Location determination- Global purchasing- Research and Development

Internet of Things: (IoT)- Not just connecting people, devices


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Internet of Things (IoT).Telemetry, SCADA, Internet Appliances, RFID, M2M, IoT, IIoT

As a concept, IoT has been around > 20 years.

IoT is a Disruptive Technology:• Changes business processes

• Renders many data collection methods obsolete• More Data. All the Time. • Too much Data?

• Data reduction, processing, and analytics

Key Challenges:Technical: Interoperability, security, cost, processing, and power managementMarket Adoption: Business Processes, Effective ROI, enterprise utilization

Why Now:• Commodity prices for low cost, low power devices• Advances in battery and power scavenging• Wireless technologies and SOC• Protocol standards, security, and interoperability• Business acceptance and reduced of barriers to adoption

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ISO’s New Supply Chain StandardDisrupting Global Logistics

• ISO 18000-4 mode 3:– ISO Category 18000-4:

– Standard for RFID using 2.4GHz frequencies – Application: Shipping containers and other assets involved in global trade

– Mode 3 Driving Requirements:• Container Security and supply chain management

– Interested parties included DHS, WSC, WCO, and related ISO Committees

– ISO Working Group’s (SC31) Goal: • Enhance supply chain security and support emerging customs regulations• Produce a global wireless communication standard for shipping containers

and supply chain conveyance systems• Provide a dual use system (simultaneous commercial and Customs usage)• Encourage network deployment and cooperation

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ISO 18000-4 (mode 3)Functional Requirements:

Goal Implementation Comment

Globally Accepted License free 2.4GHz ISM band DSSS

Low Power <100 uwatt average 3-5 year battery life

Rapid Response < 1 second wake up “Drive by read from sleep”

Secure Support encryption Exportable 128 AES

Non proprietary Commodity IC’s $3-4 part costs in volume

Multi-channel Network Load Balance 16 Channels

Medium Throughput Good for sensorsNot used for video

250Kbps

“Quite” Tag Talk Last Reader initiated transmissions

Variable Range Control 10m - 3km typical usage Variable beacon intervals

Programmable Network Topologies

4 supported topologies Specialized Beacon payloadsNetwork Status Messages

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ISO 18000-4 (mode 3)

• Physical Layer: IEEE 802.15.4

– 2.4GHz DSSS (Globally accepted. License Free)

– 16 Channels

– >100M IC’s in production with multiple sources

– Radio function in <200 usec after wakeup

– Most 802.15.4 MAC layer functions retained

– Suitable data rate for most battery powered sensors

– Good multi-path rejection

– Moderate range

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ISO 18000-4 mode 3 Reader Performance and Network Tests

• Minimal infrastructure. Easy to deploy.– One reader connects tags to data center– Bi-direction read ranges ~2km

• Deployable at any location remote monitoring is required

– WAN (Ethernet, cellular, satellite) available for communications backhaul to server

800 m

1.4 km

400 m

Port of Los Angeles- APL Terminal

Port of Tokyo- NYK Terminal

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Tracking Tests (DHS and MLIT) Japan to US

Ship-board to US

Ocean Terminal, Departure

Japan MATTS tag installed

Inland Tracking to port

Rail Los Angeles - Chicago

Network Objectives:

• Transmit data securely

• Provide continuous global location and status visibility

• Leverage and adapt to existing and available communications networks

• Tracking capability is broadly applicable to assets

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Tracking and Security Tests: China to USCooperative Programs. Shanghai International Port Group (SIPG), US Ports, DHS, and Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)

Program Objectives

• Integrate SIPG sponsored

ISO 18186 with 18000-4

• Provide continuous global

location and status for

DHS CSD’s

• Evaluate protocol

interoperability and

cooperation between PRC

and US

Ship-board China to US Panama Canal -> USChina Factory to SIPG Terminal

Savannah Port Reader

Factory: ISO 18186 Data Entry

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ISO 18000-4 Implementation DetailsNetwork Topologies

Peer to Peer

Star

MeshTrunk

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ISO 18000-4 (mode 3) Network Discovery Beacons (NDB)

Two Methods of Network DiscoveryConnectionless:

“Drive by applications”Connected:

Sustained Network

Beacons Provide Content and Management- Use Defined Hailing Channels- Alternate Channels- Network Load Balancing- Connection Type- Location Information- Radio Waypoints- Beacon Interval- Reporting Interval- Security

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ISO 18000-4 (mode 3) Network Status Messages (NSM)

NSM is a key feature for Interoperability and Cooperation• Devices may be configured on a per trip basis for

• Data “Ownership”• Destination server• Security• Operating modes

NSM Messages: Request Service Type and Network Routing- Server to Server Connection parameters- Device Authentication- Network Topology

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Application Stories

• ISO Container Tracking and Security- Commercial Automotive Importers

- Expedited Customs Clearance

• Environmental Monitoring- US DoD Environmental Monitoring and Equipment Readiness

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Secure Transit CorridorsDHS Electronic Chain of Custody

• Large scale Customs program for truck and rail border crossings – CBP to test use for monitoring security devices to track and monitor conveyances as they enter the US – Bonded cargo

• Canada – US – Mexico • Import – US inland

• 1000’s of shipments performed during FY13– Plans: CBP integrates program into C-TPAT

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DOD Applications for ISO 18000-4

• Building Environmental Monitoring and Control

– Cocoon Inc.: • Mobile warehouses for strategic DOD assets

– Integrated wireless sensor network• LAN and Satellite WAN• Alarm, monitoring, and LBS

• Container Tracking and Management

– Leased and DOD ISO Container security– Location determination – Contents and condition

• Yard Part Monitoring– Tracking and RTLS– Internal Monitoring

• Temperature, RH• Pressure, light, and motion

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Wireless Sensor NetworksIoT Applications

Internet

Readers

Sensing

DevicesSoftware

Wireless

2.4GHz

Ethernet,

Cellular or,

Satellite Secure Internet

Access


http://www.iControl-Inc.com 204/16/2015

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