DISORDERS OF MOTOR PLANNING AND RESPONDING

1. APPRAXIA/DYSPRAXIA

2. DYSGRAPHIA

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Developmental Coordination Disorder

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Dyspraxia

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Communication

Specific characteristics of Apraxic speech include

un-sequenced sounds or syllables

inconsistent speech the loss of sounds or

words during articulation

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Look at this link

Apraxia Video: listen to Brandon as an example of dyspraxia http://www.debtsmart.net/talk/inside_edition.html

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Communication cont.

Examples include "shif" instead of "fish" or "miskate" instead of "mistake"pronouncing "gate" as it should be one day,

but replacing the "g" sound the next day with "k" or "d" and saying "kate" or "date" (Hall, Part I, 2000).

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Dyspraxia and Mislabeling

2 girls with Apraxia, a motor disorder, mistakenly labeled:

hearing impaired behavior disordered

Another woman (undergrad in this course) was referred for testing at the age of 2 for not speaking—now also w/ bad handwriting and poor gross motor control, could run, however, because less motor skill involved.

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Assesss theseSpecific Handwriting Errors

1. Bad or illegible handwriting (24% failure to close the letters in this ‘word’ kityfogpads)

2. Top loop closed (l/t, e/I)3. Using straight up strokes rather

than rounded (n like u, c like I)4. End strokes5. Crossings6. Top loop short (b,d,h, k)7. Too small8. Closing c, h,u,w9. Part of letter omitted

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8 yr old Dysgraphic

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Dysgraphia.

History and handedness

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Perceptual or Motor

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Perceptual or Motor

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ADHD and Dysgraphic

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Emotional CharacteristicsStudents with dysgraphia are punished by…

1. staying in for recess to complete assignments

2. taking home excessive amounts of homework

People may assume that they are…

1. Lazy

2. Careless

3. Not intelligent

= Low self-efficacy & Low self-esteem

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In contrast, writing forwards, backwards, upsidedown, upsidedown & backwards with either hand may look like giftedness:

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Vocabulary: 3 types of dysgraphia

1. memory dysgraphia

1. motor dysgraphia

1. perceptual-spatial dysgraphia

1. cannot recall the written form of letters but can copy

2. cannot form letters but know that their writing is poor

3. cannot form their letters and do not know that their writing or drawing is poor

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Learning Characteristics1. Perception2. Memory

RESPONSE CHARACTERISTICS1. Fine motor

Interventions

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Deficit or Compensation Training?

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Read this link

http://www.ldonline.org/article/6202