DISORDERED SLEEP IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN Stephen H. Sheldon, D.O., F.A.A.P. Professor of Pediatrics...

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DISORDERED SLEEP IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN Stephen H. Sheldon, D.O., F.A.A.P. Professor of Pediatrics Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Director, Sleep Medicine Center, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago

Transcript of DISORDERED SLEEP IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN Stephen H. Sheldon, D.O., F.A.A.P. Professor of Pediatrics...

Page 1: DISORDERED SLEEP IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN Stephen H. Sheldon, D.O., F.A.A.P. Professor of Pediatrics Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine.

DISORDERED SLEEPIN

INFANTS AND CHILDREN

Stephen H. Sheldon, D.O., F.A.A.P.Professor of Pediatrics

Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine

Director, Sleep Medicine Center,Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of

Chicago

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Disordered Sleep

BEHAVIORAL

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Disordered Sleep

BEHAVIORAL

PSYCHOLOGICAL

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Disordered Sleep

BEHAVIORAL

PSYCHOLOGICAL

BIOLOGICAL

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NOSOLOGY

SIMILAR TO ADULTS

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NOSOLOGY

SIMILAR TO ADULTSBehavioral/Psychophysiological

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NOSOLOGY

SIMILAR TO ADULTSBehavioral/Psychophysiological

Sleep Fragmentation

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NOSOLOGY

SIMILAR TO ADULTSBehavioral/Psychophysiological

Sleep FragmentationSleep Disordered Breathing

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NOSOLOGY

SIMILAR TO ADULTSBehavioral/Psychophysiological

Sleep FragmentationSleep Disordered Breathing

Movement Disorders/Parasomnias

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NOSOLOGY

SIMILAR TO ADULTSBehavioral/Psychophysiological

Sleep FragmentationSleep Disordered Breathing

Movement Disorders/ParasomniasPain Syndromes

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NOSOLOGY

SIMILAR TO ADULTSBehavioral/Psychophysiological

Sleep FragmentationSleep Disordered Breathing

Movement Disorders/ParasomniasPain SyndromesEnvironmental

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Nosology (cont.)

Psychiatric

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Nosology (cont.)

PsychiatricDrugs/Alcohol

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Nosology (cont.)

PsychiatricDrugs/Alcohol

CNS Disease/Disorders

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Nosology (cont.)

PsychiatricDrugs/Alcohol

CNS Disease/DisordersCircadian Rhythm Abnormalities

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Children are Different Different Diagnostic Categories

Different Diagnostic Criteria

Different Symptomatology – Often Paradoxical

Different Nosology?

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The Sleepless Child

Disorders of Initiating sleep

Disorders of Initiating and Maintaining Sleep

Disorders of Maintaining Sleep

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The Most Important Historical Question

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The Most Important Historical Question

Does the Child Sleep Well …

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The Most Important Historical Question

Does the Child Sleep Well …

SOMEWHERE?

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YES

BEHAVIORAL/CONDITIONED

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NO

BIOLOGICAL

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Initiating Sleep

AGE DEPENDENTNeonatal / Early Infancy

Normal Ultradian Rhythm45 - 60 minute cycles

3 - 4 hour feedingsTotal sleep time about 16 - 17 hours

Colic/Pain/teething/medical disorders

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Sleepless Child: 9 - 12 Months

Parental Behaviors at child’s bedtime

&Parental response to normal

nocturnal wakings=

DISORDER OF INITIATING & MAINTAINING SLEEP

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Sleepless Child: Toddler

Behavioral / Conditioned

Occasionally Biological

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Sleepless Child: Adolescent

NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY

CIRCADIAN FACTORS

ANXIETY

MOTIVATED

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Sleepless Child

DISORDERS OF SLEEP MAINTENANCE

ENVIRONMENTAL

BIOLOGICAL

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Sleepless Child: Maintenance

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSISPain Syndromes

AllergyApneaPLMD

NightmaresSeizures

Circadian Rhythm Abnormalities

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Gastroesophageal Reflux/Disorder

Reflux into the esophagus– Level ??

Reflux into the pharynx Aspiration into the lungs

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GER

DIAGNOSIS

– pH Probe study– Swallow Studies– Age dependent approach

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GER

GER does not = G.E.R.D.

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GER & OSA

Which comes first?

– Association– Vocal cord excoriation, swelling,

edema– Aspiration pneumonia– Changes in airway physiology

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GER diagnosis

Diagnosis not made in sleep lab

Methods– pH Study

– Polysomnography– Probe + PSG– Endoscopy

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GER

Treatment

H2 Blockers(ranitidine)

Parasympathomimetics(cisapride)