Disease Prevention Tuberculosis. Key Points Tuberculosis is caused by a * called Mycobacterium...
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Transcript of Disease Prevention Tuberculosis. Key Points Tuberculosis is caused by a * called Mycobacterium...
![Page 1: Disease Prevention Tuberculosis. Key Points Tuberculosis is caused by a * called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria usually attacks the *, but TB.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033100/56649ed25503460f94be264e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Disease Prevention
Tuberculosis
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Key Points
• Tuberculosis is caused by a * called Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
• The bacteria usually attacks the *, but TB bacteria can attack any part of the body such as the kidney, spine, and brain.
• If not treated properly, TB disease can be fatal.
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History of TB
A. Historically known by a variety of names:
1. Consumption
2. *
3. White plague
B. Scientific Discoveries in the 1800s
1. Until mid-1800s, many believed TB was *
2. 1865 Jean Antoine-Villemin proved TB was contagious
3. 1882 * discovered M. tuberculosis, the bacterium that causes TB
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History of TBC. Sanatoriums
1. Before TB antibiotics, many patients were sent to sanatoriums
2. Patients followed a regimen of bed rest, open air, and *
3. TB patients who could not afford sanatoriums died at home
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History of TB
D. Breakthrough in the Fight Against TB
1. Drugs that could kill TB bacteria were discovered in 1940s and 1950s
a. * (SM) discovered in 1943
b. Isoniazid (INH) and p-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) discovered between 1943 and 1952
2. TB death rates in U.S. began to drop dramatically
3. Most TB sanatoriums in U.S. had closed by mid 1970s
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History of TB
E. Increase in TB in mid 1980s
1. Inadequate funding for TB control programs
2. *
3. Increased immigration from countries where TB is common
4. Spread in homeless shelters and *
5. Increase and spread of multidrug-resistant TB
![Page 7: Disease Prevention Tuberculosis. Key Points Tuberculosis is caused by a * called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria usually attacks the *, but TB.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033100/56649ed25503460f94be264e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Symptoms of TB
1. Bad cough that lasts 3 weeks or longer
2. *
3. Coughing up blood or sputum
4. Weakness or fatigue
5. *
6. No appetite
7. Chills
8. *
9. Sweating at night
![Page 8: Disease Prevention Tuberculosis. Key Points Tuberculosis is caused by a * called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria usually attacks the *, but TB.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033100/56649ed25503460f94be264e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Facts about TB
A. Slow-growing, rod-shaped bacterium that can live *
B. Unusual waxy coating on cell surface
C. Over 60% of the mycobacterial cell wall is lipid. The lipid portion of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall consists of mycolic acids, cord factor, and wax-D
D. Because of the thick and complex cell wall, Mycobacterium tuberculosis is resistant to many disinfectants and *
E. Divides every 15–20 hours, which is extremely * compared to other bacteria
F. Aerobic bacterium (*). For this reason, during active TB disease, Mycobacterium tuberculosis is found in the upper air sacs of the lungs
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How is TB spread?
A. TB germs are put into the air when a person with TB disease of the lungs or throat *, sneezes, speaks, or sings.
B. These germs can stay in the air for *, depending on the environment.
C. Persons who breathe in the air containing these TB germs can become infected; this is called latent TB infection.
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Latent TB Infection
• TB bacteria can live in the body *.• This is called latent TB infection. • In most people who breathe in TB bacteria and become
infected, the body is able to fight the bacteria to stop them from growing.
• People with latent TB infection do not feel sick and do not have any symptoms.
• People with latent TB infection are not * and cannot spread TB bacteria to others.
• However, if TB bacteria become active in the body and multiply, the person will go from having latent TB infection to being sick with TB disease.
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Treatment for Latent TB Infection
• If you have latent TB infection but not TB disease, your health care provider may want you be treated to keep you from developing TB disease.
• Treatment of latent TB infection * that TB infection will progress to TB disease.
• Treatment of latent TB infection is essential to controlling and eliminating TB in the United States.
• The decision about taking treatment for latent TB infection will be based on your chances of developing TB disease.
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TB Disease
• TB bacteria become * if the immune system can't stop them from growing.
• When TB bacteria are active (multiplying in your body), this is called TB disease.
• People with TB disease are *. • They may also be able to spread the bacteria to people they spend
time with every day.• Many people who have latent TB infection never develop TB disease. • Some people develop TB disease soon after becoming infected (within
weeks) before their immune system can fight the TB bacteria. • Other people may get sick years later when their immune system
becomes * for another reason.• For people whose immune systems are weak, especially those with *,
the risk of developing TB disease is much higher than for people with normal immune systems.
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Treatment for TB Disease
• TB disease can be treated by taking several drugs, usually for *.
• It is very important to finish the medicine, and take the drugs exactly as prescribed.
• If you stop taking the drugs too soon, you can become sick again.
• If you do not take the drugs correctly, the germs that are still alive may become resistant to those drugs.
• TB that is resistant to drugs is harder and *.
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Testing for TB
• There are three tests that are used to detect TB bacteria in the body. These tests can be given by a health care provider or local health department.
1. * (TST)
2. TB blood tests
3. Chest radiographs
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Drug Resistant TB
• caused by M. tuberculosis organisms that are resistant to at least one first-line TB treatment drug.
• Drug-resistant TB can be difficult to treat.o * resistance is caused by person-to-person
transmission of drug-resistant organisms.o * resistance develops during TB treatment.
Either the patient was not treated with the right TB drugs or the patient did not properly follow the prescribed treatment regimen.