Disease – Fusarium graminearum Questions Q: How many ways can seed be infected with Fusarium...
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Disease – Fusarium graminearum
QuestionsQ: How many ways can seed be infected with Fusarium graminearum?
A: There is systemic infection (inside the seed) and there is surface contamination (spores on the outside of the seed).
Q: How many different types of tests are available to check for the Fusarium graminearum pathogen?
A: Currently there are two different test methods used. They are a DNA-based method and a plate method.
Disease – Fusarium graminearum
The two tests differ in many respects:Technology
Amount of seed
Sensitivity
Time
Type of result
Both tests have a role in providing our customers with accurate and timely results for superior seed quality management
Disease – Fusarium graminearum
15 grams (over 400 seeds) 200 seeds
Detection level Detection level
lower than 0.1% of 0.5%
Disease – Fusarium graminearum
DNA uses a portion of the seed sample as received (no cleaning or sterilizing)
Any Fusarium graminearum spores attached to dirt or dust particles on the outside of the seed are detected
Plate uses a portion of the seed sample that’s sterilized with chlorine bleach
The bleach kills most organisms (including any Fusarium spp.) that are on the outside of the seed
Disease – Fusarium graminearum
DNA provides a Plate provides a
positive(+) or percent(%)
negative(-) result infection result
Disease – Fusarium graminearum
Our standard method is the DNA-based test
It is much more accurate due to the number of seeds, the dual level of detection, and the lower level of detection
All positive(+) results from the DNA-based test are plated to determine the percentage(%) of infection
Disease – Fusarium graminearum
A positive(+) from the DNA-based test and a negative(-) from the plate test means:
(1) the infection is below the plate test detectable level of 0.5% or
(2) the infection is surface contamination and was killed during sterilization or
(3) the spores are not viable or
(4) combinations or 1,2, and 3 above
Progress and PersonnelMost seed labs do not use the DNA-based test, so they are missing many seed samples that are infected with Fusarium graminearum
Early identification of low level infected seed can help to reduce the planting of infected seed
Fusarium Test ReviewTimely and efficient
1-2 day turnaround time assists with scheduling and cleaning plant efficiency
AccuracyOver 400 seeds tested (>twice the plate test)
Detection of spores on the seed surface
Lower detection level
Testing at 20/20 Seed LabsBenefit from the features of both tests if necessary (there is no charge for the plate test after a positive(+) DNA-based test)
Fusarium Economics
1½ bushels of wheat (an acre) has approximately 1.1 million seeds
Planting seed with 0.5% Fusarium graminearum infection means you are planting 5,500 infected seeds/acre
Fusarium Economics
Manitoba producers experience yield losses of over 20% in highly infected fieldsMaximum of 0.25% FDK (Fusarium Damaged Kernels) in Red Spring and Hard White No.1 wheat by weight
Fusarium Economics
Fusarium graminearum can create a mycotoxin called deoxynivalenol or DON which compromises the quality of grain used in milling, baking, and pasta makingMalt barley has zero tolerance for the mycotoxin DON
Fusarium Economics
DON becomes concentrated in dried distillers grain which is a by-product of ethanol productionSwine - Feeding DON at levels above 1 ppm in the complete feed will result in some degree of feed refusal.
Prevention & Control MeasuresTest your seed
Choose high quality, vigourous seed
Choose varieties with the best resistance
Treat your seed
Practice crop rotation with other crops
Scout your field for signs of disease
Apply foliar fungicides
Bury your stubble and chaff
Test your grain