disease caused due to climate change
Transcript of disease caused due to climate change
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we owe our heartiest thanks to our
class teacher and also our science
teacher Ms. Bharthi maam who
gave us innovative ideas and
motivated us to learn about our
environment and guided us in doing
this project. This project could not
have been completed without the
guidance and support of our friends
and our Parents who are also our
team members. And our principal
maam ms Geetha Basavaraju who
stood by us in all Endeavour. And
last but the least our school
management
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A disorder of structure or function in a human, animal, or plant,
especially one that produces specific symptoms or that affects a
specific location and is not simply a direct result of physical injury.
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The human body takes time to adjust to any kindof change, whether it is a change in diet, a
change in geography, or a change in temperatureand climate. Every time the season changes, ourbody takes time to get accustomed to it, givinginfections an opportunity to attack it. During thisperiod of adjustment to the changing season, thebody's immunity tends to be low and thereforethe body is susceptible to attacks from virusesand bacteria.
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Done By
Hari
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Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially
serious infectious disease thatmainly affects your lungs.
The bacteria that cause
tuberculosis are spread from one
person to another through tiny
droplets released into the air viacoughs and sneezes.
Many strains of tuberculosis resist
the drugs most used to treat the
disease. People with activetuberculosis must take several
types of medications for many
months to eradicate the infection
and prevent development of
antibiotic resistance.
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Tuberculosis is ultimately caused by
the Mycobacterium tuberculosisa
bacterium that is spread from personto person through airborne particles
This can happen when someone with
the untreated, active form of
tuberculosis coughs, speaks, sneezes,
spits, laughs or sings.
Although tuberculosis is contagious,
it's not easy to catch. You're much
more likely to get tuberculosis from
someone you live with or work with
than from a stranger. Most people
with active TB who've had appropriate
drug treatment for at least two weeks
are no longer contagious.
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Most people who become infectedwith Mycobacterium tuberculosisdo
not present symptoms of the disease.
However, when symptoms are
present, they include: unexplained weight loss
fatigue
shortness of breath
fever
night sweats
chills
loss of appetite.
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Wash your hands after sneezing,
coughing or holding your hands near your
mouth or nose.
Cover your mouth with a tissue when
you cough, sneeze or laugh. Discard usedtissues in a plastic bag, then seal and
throw it away.
Do not attend work or school.
Avoid close contact with others.
Sleep in a room away from otherfamily members.
Ventilate your room regularly. TB
spreads in small closed spaces. Put a fan
in your window to blow out air that may
contain bacteria.
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Most TB is curable, but
Four or more drugs required forthe simplest regimen
6-9 or more months of
treatment required
Person must be isolated untilnon-infectious
Directly observed therapy toassure adherence/completion
recommended Side effects and toxicity
common
May prolong treatment
May prolong infectiousness
Other medical and psychosocialconditions complicate therapy
TB may be more severe
Drug-drug interactionscommon
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Dengue, also known as break bonefever, due to the extreme pain caused
in bones and muscles, is a mosquito-
borne infection transmitted through
the bite of an infected female Aedes
aegypti mosquito.The mosquitoes which acquire the
virus from already infected humans
also known to be the primary host of
the virusare capable of transmitting
the virus for the rest of their life after4-10 days of virus incubation.
These mosquitoes breed in tropical and
sub-tropical climates worldwide.
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There is no direct human to human transmission of the virus.
However, dengue can be transmitted via infected blood transfusionand organ donation.
Aedes aegypti which primarily bites during the day time breedsmostly in man-made containers. They bite multiple people during
each feeding period and peak biting periods are early in the morning
and in the evening before dusk.
There are four serotypes of the virus that cause dengue - DEN-1,DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4.
Having recovered from one virus strain provides lifelong immunity
against that particular serotype, but cross-immunity i.e. being
infected by a different serotype increases risk of developing severedengue which can be fatal.
According to WHO, the number of dengue cases reported has
increased predominantly in urban and semi-urban areas and has
become a major international public health concern.
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Prevention is the only way to combat the mosquito-
borne disease. Prevent measures include:
These mosquitoes breed in accumulated water and
unhygienic conditions.
The best way is to eliminate all the possible
breeding grounds for the mosquitoes
Regular cleaning, emptying and covering of water
storage containers
Using mosquito repellents, nets Wear long-sleeved
clothes)
Active monitoring and surveillance of vectors
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Chicken pox is a viral disease causedby the varicella zoster virus. It is acommunicable disease and acute
disease which generally causesaround 250-500 blisters and redspots throughout the body.
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The varicella zoster virus spreads from
air through the droplets of water that
are expelled from the sneezing or
coughing of a person suffering from
chicken pox.
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Fever
Aching muscles
Loss in appetite Itchy rashes
Blisters
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As Chicken pox is a communicable
disease, you should stay a little away
from the person suffering fromchicken pox and also must not touch
any of his belongings such as his
clothes, hand-kerchief etc.
There is a vaccine available for
chicken-pox.
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Influenza
Done By
Preksha
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Influenza (also known as the flu) is a contagious
respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses.
It can cause mild to severe illness, and at times
can lead to death.The best way to prevent the flu is by getting a flu
vaccination each year.
Complications of influenza can include bacterial
pneumonia, ear infections, sinus infections,dehydration, and worsening of chronic medical
conditions, such as congestive heart failure,
asthma, or diabetes.
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The flu is caused by influenza virus types A, B, and C. Bothtype A and type B flu viruses are responsible for the seasonal
outbreaks of flu. Type A flu viruses are found in many
different animals, including ducks, chickens, pigs, and horses.
Influenza B viruses circulate widely only among humans.
Flu viruses spread mainly from person to person, through
coughing or sneezing by people infected with influenza.
Sometimes people may become infected by touching a
contaminated surface and then touching their mouth or
nose.
Healthy adults may be able to infect others beginning oneday before symptoms develop and up to seven days after
becoming sick. This means a person may be able to pass on
the flu to someone else before ever knowing they are sick.
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The most important step in flu prevention is
getting vaccinated each year with a flu shot.
Avoid close contact with people who are sick,
stay home when you are sick, cover your mouth
and nose When you cough or sneeze, wash your
hands, avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth,
get plenty of sleep, and drink plenty of fluids.
In certain situations, antiviral drugs can be used
to prevent seasonal influenza.
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If you get the flu, there are some actions
you can take at home, such as gettingplenty of rest, drinking plenty of liquids,
avoiding alcohol and tobacco use, and
taking medication to relieve the symptoms
of flu. Using aspirin or ibuprofen can also help to
treat the fever, headaches and muscle
aches associated with the flu.
Aspirin should never be used to treat flu-like symptoms in children.
Antiviral drugs may also be prescribed for
treating the flu, depending upon the
duration of illness, severity of symptoms,and your medical history.
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Cholera
Done By
Sai Preetham
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Cholera is an infectious disease thatcauses severe watery diarrhea, whichcan lead to dehydration and even
death if untreated
It is caused by eating food or drinking
water contaminated with a bacteriumcalled Vibrio cholerae.
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Vibrio cholera, the bacterium that causes cholera, is usually
found in food or water contaminated by feces from aperson with the infection. Common sources include:
Municipal water supplies
Ice made from municipal water
Foods and drinks sold by street vendors
Vegetables grown with water containing human wastes
Raw or undercooked fish and seafood caught in waters
polluted with sewage
When a person consumes the contaminated food or
water, the bacteria release a toxin in the intestines thatproduces severe diarrhea.
It is not likely you will catch cholera just from casual contact
with an infected person.
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Although there is a vaccine against cholera,the CDC and World Health Organization don't
normally recommend it because it may not
protect up to half of the people who receive
it and it lasts only a few months.
However, you can protect yourself and your
family by using only water that has been
boiled, water that has been chemically
disinfected, or bottled water.
Be sure to use the bottled, boiled
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Drinking
Preparing food or drinks
Making ice
Brushing your teeth
Washing your face and hands
Washing dishes and utensils that you use to
eat or prepare food
Washing fruits and vegetables
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Hari
V.K.Akash
Preksha
Nikhil
Sai Preetham