Discussion 1 February 1, 2005
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Transcript of Discussion 1 February 1, 2005
Discussion 1
February 1, 2005
Successionof individual plant species
In a prairie
Level of Focus
Microorganisms
Mechanisms (emergent)
Root Parasites
Soil Bacteria
Five Year Fire Regime
Short,Small
Long, Large
Tim
e, S
pace
Constraints
Bioregional Climate
D. Cassidy
Interior PlateauInterior Plateau
KnobsKnobs
Inner BluegrassInner Bluegrass
Outer NashvilleBasin
Outer NashvilleBasin
Landscape ofFayette County, KY
Landscape ofFayette County, KY
Sp
atia
l Sca
le
T
emp
oral
Sca
leProcesses & CharacteristicsProcesses & Characteristics
EnvironmentalEnvironmental
• Similarity of ecosystems
• Response to disturbance
• Weather patterns
• Type, quality and quantity of environmental resources
• Geology and Soil patterns
• Hydrology and Topography
EconomicEconomic
SocialSocial• Community infrastructure, land use planning, transportation, horse farm industry, population growth, university, recreation, value of stakeholders, conservation, historic value, microclimate
• Landscape Mosaic:
•Patches: lakes, parks, arboretum
•Corridors: roads, animal migration, streams/rivers
•Matrix: horse farms/agriculture, urban development
C. Read
Marie Vicksta
Species 2Species 1
Speciation
Mutation MutationMutation Mutation
Natural Mutation rateIntroduced ToxinsIncreased UV radiationSelection pressures
Morphology/Physiology Morphology/Physiology
Determines individual’s niche: where it can live, what it can ingest
Lethal mutationsEnergy cost VS.Selection value
Energy BudgetCompetitionResource partitioningIsolation
Aaron MegquierFOR565, Assignment #101.31.2005
Ecoregional landscape
Individual Stand or Patch
Goal: Develop quantifiable measures or indicators for biodiversity that can be measured across ecoregional landscapes.
Composition: Species richness and abundance, proportion of native species. Structure: Standing dead trees, coarse woody debris, mixed-age stands, gap formation rates, non-channelized streams, Function: local colonization/extinction rates, NPP
Sp
ati
al S
cale
10 ha
108 ha
Biome
Factors supporting biodiversity Potential threats to biodiversity
Road density, invasive species, isolation from other patches, habitat removal/simplification, edge effects, eutrophication of water bodies,
Composition: Natural communities present, numbers of RTE species, representativeness of protected areas, extinction rate w/in NRVStructure: Perimeter:area ratio, patch size, riparian buffer strips, migratory routes, landscape connectivity, distribution of seral stages. Function: Large-scale disturbance frequency, nutrient cycling rates, guild persistence, ecological redundancy
Composition: Rates of speciationStructure: Physiognomy of dominant vegetation types, geological landform, Function: Temperature and precipitation patterns, solar insolation levels
Widespread persistent pollutants, broad patterns of land-use change, large hydrological modifications, loss of keystone species, fire suppression policy, habitat fragmentation, highly pathogenic invasive species
Rapid changes in temperature and precipitation patterns, loss of dispersal vectors for species migration, massive land-cover conversion by humans
Temporal scale is highly non-linear across the diagram and has been left out for this reason.
Biodiversity gains at standlevel support the ecoregion
Ecoregional threats arerealized at the stand level
Climate and landform shapedisturbance regime, species richness, community diversity
Cumulative stress from lowerlevels may affect long-termviability of biome
Beta insect community / landscape
Insect community / patch
Insect species / Flower species
ConstraintsHierarchical Diagram
ClimateMigration
Patch size , Distancebetween patches
Floral resources: pollen, nectarInsect / flower morphology
A. Bennett
Objective: Compare insect communities between patches
Constraints = RedMechanisms = Green
Objective: To Determine How Black Bears are Distributed Across the Landscape
Kirsten Kapp: Forest 565
Determined by biological and social processes: Climate, Soil type, Management History/Trends
Regional
Landscape
Stand
Gap
LANDSCAPE: Forest Cover
such as Spruce/Fir,
Aspen/Birch, Northern Hardwood,
Wetlands, Human Development,
Agriculture
Ideal habitat includes a diversity of forest types that contain hard mast, soft mast, water sources etc
Presence in or use of a particular area (home range) within habitat is dependent on stand characteristics such as food quality and quantity, escape cover, thermal cover, proximity to homes (garbage), other bears, distance to agriculture, edge
Bear Home Range
Bear Home Range
Bear Home Range
At a finer scale, presence of fallen trees (den sites), large trees with furrowed bark (for escape/cubs), reproductive success of individual trees (acorn crop) determine temporal usable habitat
Regional Black Bear Range• Defined loosely as forested land
Tree
Tree
Tree
Tree Tree
Tree
Acorn CropThermal Cover
Den SiteTemporal
Spatial
Escape
Objective: What policy mechanisms will motivate NIPF’s (non-industrial private forest owners) to manage across property boundaries?
Institutions:
•Policy making bodies, governments (ex. laws)
•Private organizations or cooperatives
Individual NIPF’s:
•Personal land objectives, ethics, beliefs
•Income from land, family influence
Neighbors:
•Collective action
•Common objectives, trust, investment
•Ecosystem management
R.Gass