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Discussion week 7

Term project details Fronts and the five stages of a frontal

cyclone Weather map and homework example Cold air outbreaks Freezing rain discussion

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Term Project

5% of Grade

Worth 1.2 Homeworks

2 parts:

-Presentation about how to prepare for a disaster-Questions about food and water preparedness-Turn in draft of project for feedback.worth 3 of27 points

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Part 1: The context

Your boss asks you to make a presentation toexplain to different groupshow topreparefor a disaster.

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Part 1: Make a Presentation

Display with pictures and bullet point Explanations are to be placed in the notes

section of the powerpoint

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Part 1: What your presentation should include:

1. disaster overview

Pick a region of the country: What types ofdisasters is it realistic to prepare for?

How long does this disaster usually affect us?How long should we plan for?

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Part 1: What your presentation should include:

2. Communication plan

You dont have to MAKE one! Explainn What is it?n What does it include?n How to make one?n You can make a sample one if you think it will make

your explanations clearer.

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Part 1: What your presentation should include:

2. Communication plan

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Part 1: What your presentation should include:

2. Communication plan

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Part 1: What your presentation should include:

3. Personal information card

You dont have to MAKE one! Explainn What is it?n What information on them?

Financial Medical Passport numbers Drivers license number

n Why is it important?n You can make a sample one if you think it will makeyour explanations clearer.

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Part 1: What your presentation should include:

3. Personal information card

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Part 1: What your presentation should include:

4. Item selection if evacuation

What type of clothing, food, medical supplies,irreplaceable items...? How much? What parameters to consider? (rain, cold,

duration of the event..) Justify IN RELATION WITH THE DISASTER. Dont simply establish a list of items, but

justify your advise.

Medical suppliesIrreplaceable items

Other items

ClothingEmergency food

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Part 1: Example Outline

Slide 1: Disaster Overview Slide 2: Communication Plan Slide 3: Example of a Communication Plan Slide 4: Personal Information Card Slide 5: Example of an Information Card Slide 6: Deciding Clothing Slide 7: Deciding Emergency

Slide 8: Deciding Food Slide 9: Deciding Medical Supplies Slide 10: Deciding Un-replaceable items

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Part 2: Questions

Go to:http://www.redcross.org

And read about Preparing and Getting Trained

Also,

http://www.ready.gov/america/_downloads/Ready_Brochure_Screen_EN_20040129.pdf

Answer Questions on separate paper

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Part 2: Meal Plan

You have to plan 3 meals on 3 days at home(can be useful even without any disaster!)

n Depends on size of party and duration of planningn

Meal Quantityn Water distributionFor help, go to the following website:

http://www.choosemyplate.gov

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Fronts 4 Basic types: warm, cold, stationary, & occluded

fronts

Frontal Cyclones 5 stages of their life cycle from growth to decay Locations of fronts during life cycle stages

Cold air outbreaks how they form

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Frontal Cyclone 1: prior to growth

Notice: Cold cP air on one side, warm

mT on the other.

This is a stationary front.Neither the cold air nor the

warm air is advancing.

Alternating half-circles (red)and triangles (blue) on

opposite sides indicate a

stationary front.

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Frontal Cyclone 2:

initial stage Black arrows show motion of 2 frontsand the low L Blue triangles indicate cold front. Cold

air (blue arrows) is being drawnsouthward behind the low. Triangles on

side cold air moving towards.

Red half-circles indicate warm front.Warm air drawn north ahead of the low(red arrow). Half circles onside warmair is moving towards.

Green shading where is precipitation

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Frontal Cyclone 3:

main growing stage

Growth process accelerates More grey contours: SLP at center

of low is lower. The storm gaining

strength, growing.

Distance between cold and warmfronts is decreasing because the cold

front moves faster than the warm

front

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Frontal Cyclone 4:

mature stage

Frontal cyclone at max strength: Cold front catches the warm front

and cuts off the low pressure center

A hybrid front appears: occludedfront (purple) with alternating trianglesand half circles on the same side: sidethe front is moving towards.

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Frontal Cyclone 5:

decaying stage

System decaying: Pressure at center of low is

increasing. The storm is

losing strength.

Alternating red half-circlesand blue triangles onopposite sides indicates a

new stationary front. Cycle can repeat again.

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Surface weathermap: Homework

example

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The Jet Stream and Cold Air Outbreaks:

-Why causes the seasonalshift in the location of thejet stream?

-Relationship to storm

tracks

-What balance are stormstrying to restore?

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How do cold air outbreaks (CAO) form? (1)

1. a warm air mass amplifies jet streamridge over Alaska (sfc High)

2. that ridge shoves the cold air thatwas over AK to the east

3. the (polar front) jet stream followsshape of ridge (bowed northward) andthe trough (bowed southward)

4. Following geostrophic balance, thewinds are northwesterly on the Eastside of upper level ridge

5. a developing frontal cyclone in thosesouthward winds first follows thedirection of the jet (towards southeast).

6. as the frontal cyclone develops, itamplifies the southward motion of thecold air mass

7. the result: a CAO behind the frontalcyclone

Ironically, unusual warmth in Alaska can be catalyst for CAO

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CAO contributing factor 1: snow cover The presence of snow cover helps amplify the cold air.

snow reflects sunlight during day snow looses heat rapidly at night (by infra-red radiation)

Snow cover produces strong infra-red(IR) radiational cooling that makes

air mass colder

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CAO contributing factor 2: air path

1) The presence of snowcover helps amplify thecold air. snow reflects sunlight

during day

snow looses heat rapidly atnight (by infra-red

radiation) 2) A path from the Arctic

that avoids large waterbodies (Pacific, Atlantic,Gulf of Mexico) preserves

the coldness of the airmass

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