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Transcript of Discrimination and victimisation challenges for migrant integration ‘Integration is a dynamic,...
Discrimination and victimisationchallenges for migrant integration
‘Integration is a dynamic, two-way process of mutual interaction requiring a greater commitment by the
host community and immigrants’ Stockholm Programme
Policy background
Conclusions of April 2010 EU ministerial conference on integration: “Ministers agreed to focus and explore the key aspects of integration as a driver for development and social cohesion by incorporating integration issues in a comprehensive way in all relevant policy fields and by giving particular attention to the following areas: Employment, education and intercultural dialogue”
Policy background
• Stockholm Programme: “The EU must ensure fair treatment of third country nationals who reside legally on the territory of its Member States. A more vigorous integration policy should aim at granting them rights and obligations comparable to those of EU citizens. This should remain an objective of a common immigration policy and should be implemented as soon as possible, and no later than 2014.”
Rights based approach
Rights – holders duty bearers• Traditional focus on ‘duty bearers’ in treaty monitoring
(legislation, policies)• FRA: socio-legal approach examines both the legal and
policy situation and rights holders’ experiences, perceptions and views to establish “how rights are fulfilled in practice on the ground”
• This is done through massive EU-wide surveys
EU-MIDIS
– Roma – Sub-Saharan Africans – Central and Eastern
Europeans
– Turkish – Former Yugoslavians – North Africans – Russian
First EU-wide survey on immigrants experiences of discrimination, criminal victimisation and policing
23,500 migrant/ethnic minority respondents Different groups surveyed across Member States:
5,000 majority population respondents in 10 MS
Largest minority groups (up to 3) surveyed in each MS Self-identified migrant/minority background Respondents: age 16+, in MS at least 1 year Random sample of 500 – 1,500 respondents in each MS Face-to-face interviews 20 to 60 minutes in homes Fieldwork: From May – mid July + Nov 2008
The research
DiscriminationExperiences and Reporting
EmploymentEducationHousing
Health + social servicesConsumer services
General perceptions on discrimination in MS
Rights awareness – complaints
VictimisationExperiences and Reporting
Property crimeAssault and threat
Serious harassment
Corruption
Police stops/contact
Border stops
Respondent Variables
The issues
The findings
• Average one in three respondents experienced at least one incident of discrimination in the past year
• Mostly in employment and in services• Lack of awareness about legislation and services providing
redress, support and advice - ‘access to justice’• Main reason for not reporting discrimination or crime is that
“nothing would happen or change” – one in three didn’t know how to go about reporting or where to report
• Racial discrimination and racist crime are severely undercounted in official statistics
Ten groups with the highest discrimination rates all areas (%)
The results
CZ-Roma
MT-African
HU-Roma
PL-Roma
EL-Roma
IE-Sub-Saharan African
IT-North African
FI-Somali
DK-Somali
PT-Brazilian
64
63
62
59
55
54
52
47
46
44
Ten groups with the highest share of not reporting discrimination (%)
The results
AT-Turkish
PT-Sub-Saharan African
EE-Russian
PT-Brazilian
BG-Roma
CY-Asian
SI-Bosnian
NL-North African
EL-Albanian
NL-Surinamese
93
92
90
86
85
83
82
81
80
80
Reasons for not reporting discrimination – top 5, all domains (%)
The results
Nothing would happen/change by report-ing
Too trivial/not worth reporting it - it's normal, happens all the time
Didn't know how to go about reporting/where to report
Concerned about negative con-sequences/contrary to my interest
Inconvenience/too much bureaucracy or trouble/no time
63
40
36
26
21
Awareness of any anti-discrimination laws (%)
The results
Not aware of any /
don't know 57%
Aware of at least one law
25%
Awareness of an organisation where a complaint can be made (%)
The results
Turkish
Roma
Ex-YU
CEE
North African
Russian
Sub-Saharan African
84
83
81
80
79
78
76
14
14
17
16
17
17
21
No, does not know any such organisationYes, knows about an organisationDK
Groups with highest rate of racist crime victimisation - assault, threat or serious harassment (%)
The results
CZ – Roma
FI – Somali
DK – Somali
MT – African
EL – Roma
PL – Roma
IE – Sub-Saharan African
IT – North African
HU – Roma
SK – Roma
32
32
31
29
26
26
26
19
19
16
Reasons for not reporting to the police (%)
Not confident the police would be able to do anything
Not worth reporting/too trivial
Dealt with the problem themselves/with help from family/friends
Concerned about negative consequences
Fear of intimidation from perpetrators
48
37
24
20
16
The results
Groups with the highest perception of police stopping them because of their immigrant or ethnic minority background (%)
The results
IT-North African
ES-North African
IT-Albanian
EL-Roma
FR-Sub-Saharan African
HU-Roma
IT-Romanian
EL-Albanian
BE-North African
MT-African
7473
7169
6458
57
565555
Groups with the rate of discrimination by school personnel – as a student or as a parent, in the past 12 months (%)
The results
Roma
North African
Sub-Saharan African
Turkish
Central and East European
Ex-Yugoslav
Russian
10%
8%
6%
6%
4%
3%
2%
Ten groups with the highest rate of discrimination by school personnel – as a student or as a parent, in the past 12 months (%)
The results
IT – North African
PL – Roma
HU – Roma
IT – Romanian
CZ – Roma
DE – Turkish
IT – Albanian
BE – North African
DK – Turkish
EL – Roma
21%
20%
17%
12%
11%
11%
10%
10%
10%
10%
Reasons for not reporting discrimination by school personnel – top 5 reasons (%)
The results
Nothing would happen/change by reporting
Too trivial/not worth reporting it – it's normal, happens all the time
Concerned about negative consequences/contrary to my interest
Didn't know how to go about reporting/where to report
Inconvenience/too much bureaucracy or trouble/no time
58%
30%
24%
23%
15%
• What is the actual impact of integration policies? • Do existing social policies have a strong commitment
to non-discrimination, equality and social cohesion? Do they reach those who experience most discrimination? Do they target areas where most discrimination occurs?
• Are actions to raise rights awareness effective?• Are Equality Bodies well resourced to be effective?• How can a public service culture among law
enforcement be promoted to encourage reporting to the police?
Considerations
Thank you for your attention
fra.europa.eu/eu-midis