Discovery of the New World The first discovery of the Americas was by people crossing the Beringia...

Discovery of the New Discovery of the New WorldWorld

The first discovery of the Americas The first discovery of the Americas was by people crossing the Beringia was by people crossing the Beringia Land Bridge from Asia.Land Bridge from Asia.

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The 2The 2ndnd Discovery was by: Discovery was by:

The Norsemen The Norsemen (sometimes (sometimes referred to as referred to as Vikings) are Vikings) are credited with the credited with the 22ndnd Discovery of Discovery of America.America.

They were farmers They were farmers from Norway who from Norway who traded during slow traded during slow months.months.

Eric “the Red” left Norway for Iceland to Eric “the Red” left Norway for Iceland to escape a murder charge.escape a murder charge.

In Iceland, he was banished and once In Iceland, he was banished and once again needed a remote place to live.again needed a remote place to live.

1.1. Leif EricsonLeif Ericson1000-1001 AD1000-1001 AD

Leif Ericson, was the first European to set foot on the shores of Leif Ericson, was the first European to set foot on the shores of North America, and the first explorer of Norwegian extraction.North America, and the first explorer of Norwegian extraction.

Brought Christianity to his people.Brought Christianity to his people.

Though many still regard Christopher Columbus as the discoverer Though many still regard Christopher Columbus as the discoverer of the New World, Ericson’s right to this title received the stamp of the New World, Ericson’s right to this title received the stamp of official approval in the USA when in 1964 President Lyndon B. of official approval in the USA when in 1964 President Lyndon B. Johnson, backed by a unanimous Congress, proclaimed October Johnson, backed by a unanimous Congress, proclaimed October

9th "Leif Ericson Day.”9th "Leif Ericson Day.”

Thorvald EricsonThorvald Ericson1004-101 A.D.1004-101 A.D.

Thorvald, Leif's brother, borrowed Leif's ship and sailed Thorvald, Leif's brother, borrowed Leif's ship and sailed westward to Vinland two years later. He used Leif's sailing westward to Vinland two years later. He used Leif's sailing directions and ship to complete the journey. For two years he directions and ship to complete the journey. For two years he and his men sailed along the coasts, exploring the new land. and his men sailed along the coasts, exploring the new land.

One day, they stumbled across some natives and became One day, they stumbled across some natives and became involved in a skirmish. It was during this conflict that Thorvald involved in a skirmish. It was during this conflict that Thorvald was fatally wounded. was fatally wounded.

The following year Thorvald's men returned to Greenland, The following year Thorvald's men returned to Greenland, bringing back a cargo of wood and wine-berries. Thorvald was bringing back a cargo of wood and wine-berries. Thorvald was the first European we know to die and to be buried in America.the first European we know to die and to be buried in America.

3. Thorfinn3. Thorfinn1008-1009 AD1008-1009 AD

Thorfinn Karlsefni and his wife, Gudrid, also sailed to Thorfinn Karlsefni and his wife, Gudrid, also sailed to Vinland and resided in Leif's house. While they lived there, Vinland and resided in Leif's house. While they lived there, they collected many valuable products, including many they collected many valuable products, including many samples of wood, which was of high value to the Vikings. samples of wood, which was of high value to the Vikings. Gudrid gave birth to a son during their stay and they Gudrid gave birth to a son during their stay and they named him Snorri. He was the first European child to be named him Snorri. He was the first European child to be born in the New World. born in the New World.

4. Freydis (Eric’s daughter)4. Freydis (Eric’s daughter)1013 AD1013 AD

Illegitimate daughter of Eric the Red and stepsister of Leif

Ericsson.

Captained her own ship.

A headstrong, often cruel and sometimes petty woman, though a keen navigator and brave warrior.

Reasons for the Voyages of Reasons for the Voyages of Exploration:Exploration:

Seek a passage to the Far EastSeek a passage to the Far East


Secure gold, silver, precious gems and Secure gold, silver, precious gems and other valuable productsother valuable products


Establish claims to new landsEstablish claims to new lands


Convert the natives to ChristianityConvert the natives to Christianity


Satisfy the spirit of Satisfy the spirit of adventure and adventure and intellectual intellectual curiositycuriosity


Pave the way for trading posts and Pave the way for trading posts and settlementssettlements

Cristoforo ColomboCristoforo Colombo

Cristobal Colon in Cristobal Colon in SpanishSpanish


He was born in He was born in Genoa, in northern Genoa, in northern Italy in 1451 Italy in 1451

It was a busy It was a busy seaportseaport

Columbus started Columbus started serving on ships at serving on ships at age 14. age 14.


Columbus became a well-known Columbus became a well-known sailor, and was regarded as one of sailor, and was regarded as one of the greatest “dead-reckoning” sailors the greatest “dead-reckoning” sailors ever. ever.


In 1476 his ship In 1476 his ship was wrecked off was wrecked off Portugal during a Portugal during a pirate attack. pirate attack.

Using an oar for Using an oar for floatation, he floatation, he swam 6 miles to swam 6 miles to safety. safety.


Portugal was a Portugal was a world leader in world leader in exploration. exploration.

Portuguese ships Portuguese ships ventured farther ventured farther out to sea to take out to sea to take advantage of wind advantage of wind systems and ocean systems and ocean currents. currents.


Columbus began sailing with them as far Columbus began sailing with them as far as England, Iceland and Africa. as England, Iceland and Africa.


Columbus begins to read the works of a Columbus begins to read the works of a geographer named Toscanelli. geographer named Toscanelli.

Toscanelli wrote that the quick way to Toscanelli wrote that the quick way to China was to the west. (18k Earth)China was to the west. (18k Earth)


He went to Portugal and asked King He went to Portugal and asked King Joao (John) to finance a voyage west Joao (John) to finance a voyage west to China. to China.

He said no, but then sent ships west He said no, but then sent ships west in search of Asia. The voyage failed.in search of Asia. The voyage failed.


In 1485 he took his idea to Spain and In 1485 he took his idea to Spain and King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella. King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella.

It took one year to gain an audience It took one year to gain an audience with them.with them.

In early 1492 the Moors were In early 1492 the Moors were defeated and the Queen was able to defeated and the Queen was able to grant Columbus his voyage. grant Columbus his voyage.


He made a final demand that he be He made a final demand that he be named Admiral of all the Ocean Sea, named Admiral of all the Ocean Sea, and Viceroy of all lands discovered. and Viceroy of all lands discovered. He also wanted 10% of all the He also wanted 10% of all the treasure. treasure.

First VoyageFirst Voyage

He was given 90 He was given 90 men and three men and three ships. ships.

The Nina, Pinta and The Nina, Pinta and much slower Santa much slower Santa Maria. Maria.

After two months After two months at sea, the men at sea, the men became restless.became restless.


Isabella had Isabella had promised a huge promised a huge reward to the first reward to the first man to sight land, man to sight land, and a look-out did and a look-out did so on Oct 12, 1492.so on Oct 12, 1492.

Columbus later Columbus later claimed the reward claimed the reward for himself. for himself.


It is believed that he It is believed that he landed on San landed on San Salvador Salvador (Bahamas).(Bahamas).

He immediately He immediately talks of how well the talks of how well the Indians are built and Indians are built and what good slaves what good slaves they will make. they will make.

First VoyageFirst Voyage He forced some Indians onto his ships to lead him to more He forced some Indians onto his ships to lead him to more

gold, and landed on Hispaniola (Haiti and Dominican Rep).gold, and landed on Hispaniola (Haiti and Dominican Rep).

The Santa Maria hit a reef and sank, but the Indians saved The Santa Maria hit a reef and sank, but the Indians saved

Columbus and much of his supplies.Columbus and much of his supplies.

He left the crew of the Santa Maria (39 men) on Hispaniola He left the crew of the Santa Maria (39 men) on Hispaniola to form a settlement. to form a settlement.

Columbus returned to Spain as a hero. Columbus returned to Spain as a hero.

Second Voyage - 1493Second Voyage - 1493 17 ships and up to 1500 17 ships and up to 1500

people people

Purpose was both Purpose was both exploration and exploration and colonization .colonization .

The second voyage The second voyage brought European livestock brought European livestock (horses, sheep, and cattle) (horses, sheep, and cattle) and settlers to America for and settlers to America for the first time.the first time.

Second Voyage - 1493Second Voyage - 1493

Columbus returned Columbus returned to Hispaniola to Hispaniola expecting a expecting a windfall of gold and windfall of gold and spices.spices.

He found that all of He found that all of the men he left the men he left were killed. were killed.


Columbus forced every Indian over 14 Columbus forced every Indian over 14 years of age to mine for gold.years of age to mine for gold.

The colonists became upset because The colonists became upset because of lack of gold and food. of lack of gold and food.

The Indians were decimated by The Indians were decimated by measles and smallpox, while the measles and smallpox, while the Spanish contracted Syphilis. Spanish contracted Syphilis.


Columbus Columbus continued to search continued to search for China, and made for China, and made his crew swear on his crew swear on the threat of losing the threat of losing their tongues that their tongues that they were in Asia. they were in Asia.

With revolts With revolts brewing, he brewing, he returned to Spain in returned to Spain in 1496. 1496.

Third Voyage - 1498Third Voyage - 1498

A third voyage was granted, but it took A third voyage was granted, but it took Columbus 2 years to raise a fleet. Columbus 2 years to raise a fleet.

This crew in 1498 consisted of many This crew in 1498 consisted of many criminals granted amnesty (including criminals granted amnesty (including 10 murderers). 10 murderers).

Fleet of six shipsFleet of six ships


He went south and hit continental He went south and hit continental America in Venezuela. America in Venezuela.


Columbus returned to Hispaniola where his Columbus returned to Hispaniola where his brother had been left in charge and was brother had been left in charge and was battling a full-scale revolt. He had several battling a full-scale revolt. He had several settlers hanged. settlers hanged.

Third Voyage - 1498Third Voyage - 1498 Spain sent Francisco de Bovadilla, Spain sent Francisco de Bovadilla,

who arrived in August 1500, with who arrived in August 1500, with 500 men and a handful of native 500 men and a handful of native slaves that Columbus had brought slaves that Columbus had brought to Spain on a previous voyage: to Spain on a previous voyage: they were to be freed by royal they were to be freed by royal decree. Bobadilla found the decree. Bobadilla found the situation as bad as he had heardsituation as bad as he had heard

Columbus was put in chains and Columbus was put in chains and shipped back to Spain. shipped back to Spain.

He was suffering from arthritis He was suffering from arthritis

and temporary bouts with and temporary bouts with blindness.blindness.

Isabella freed him Isabella freed him

Fourth Voyage - 1502Fourth Voyage - 1502

He was given 4 He was given 4 ships that were in ships that were in poor condition in poor condition in hopes that he hopes that he would disappear. would disappear.

Fourth Voyage - 1502Fourth Voyage - 1502 When he arrived at Hispaniola he knew a hurricane was When he arrived at Hispaniola he knew a hurricane was

imminent, but was not allowed to dock there.imminent, but was not allowed to dock there.

Columbus did explore parts of southern Central America, Columbus did explore parts of southern Central America, but his ships, damaged by a hurricane and termites, fell but his ships, damaged by a hurricane and termites, fell apart while he was exploring. apart while he was exploring.

Columbus warned Bovadilla not to sail, but he left anyhow Columbus warned Bovadilla not to sail, but he left anyhow and perished with his fleet. and perished with his fleet.


Columbus and his men Columbus and his men were stranded on were stranded on Jamaica for about a Jamaica for about a year before being year before being rescued. rescued.

They returned to They returned to Spain in late 1504.Spain in late 1504.


In 1504, after 12 months, a ship is In 1504, after 12 months, a ship is sent to get him and take him back to sent to get him and take him back to Spain as a passenger. Spain as a passenger.

Within months Queen Isabella died Within months Queen Isabella died and with her all of his support.and with her all of his support.

Ferdinand gave him some money, but Ferdinand gave him some money, but removed all titles. removed all titles.

Rambling and Rambling and delirious, he delirious, he sequestered sequestered himself in his himself in his house.house.

Few mourned his Few mourned his

passing in 1506 at passing in 1506 at the age of 54. the age of 54.

Columbus – hero or villain?Columbus – hero or villain?

Vasco Nunez de BalboaVasco Nunez de Balboa a Spanish explorer, a Spanish explorer,

governor and governor and conquistador. conquistador.

He is best known for He is best known for having crossed Panama to having crossed Panama to the Pacific Ocean in 1513, the Pacific Ocean in 1513, becoming the first becoming the first European to lead an European to lead an expedition to have seen or expedition to have seen or reached the Pacific from reached the Pacific from the New World.the New World.

Juan Ponce de LeonJuan Ponce de Leon

On 2On 2ndnd Columbus voyage Columbus voyage Discovered la Florida during Pascua de Discovered la Florida during Pascua de

FloridaFlorida

Fernao MagalhaesFernao Magalhaes

Fernando de Magallanes (Spanish)Fernando de Magallanes (Spanish)

Hernando CortesHernando Cortes

Conquered the Aztecs in MexicoConquered the Aztecs in Mexico

Francisco de CoronadoFrancisco de Coronado

Explored American Explored American southwest looking southwest looking for goldfor gold

Henry HudsonHenry Hudson

Sailed for HollandSailed for Holland Searched for Searched for

northwest passage northwest passage to Asiato Asia

Giovanni CabotoGiovanni Caboto

John CabotJohn Cabot Claimed lands Claimed lands

on the coast of on the coast of “New England”“New England”

Sir Francis DrakeSir Francis Drake

Sea Dog and 2Sea Dog and 2ndnd voyage of voyage of circumnavigationcircumnavigation

Discovery of the New World The first discovery of the Americas was by people crossing the Beringia...

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