Discovery and Settlement

Unit 1

Prehistoric Cultures of North America

Paleo—Indians– Clovis—Near Clovis, NM– Folsom--NM– Plano-- smaller woodland bison that had moved onto the Plains area from

northern Mexico Moundbuilders

– Adena– Hopewell– Mississippian

Southwestern– Mogollon– Hohokam– Anasazi (Pueblo)

Paleo—Indians

"ancient" Indians occupied the Americas, including the southwestern

United States and northern Mexico moved as nomadic bands across the landscape in

response to seasons and the availability of resources.

Invented or borrowed (possibly from eastern Siberian cultures) idea of using spears with stone points in the hunt

Also grew various crops, but none was more important that corn

Mound builders

Name given to those people who built mounds in a large area from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico and from the Mississippi River to the Appalachian Mts

Ate mainly corn and corn products. They also grew squash, pumpkins, and sunflowers. They sometimes gathered pecans, hickory nuts, and blackberries. Known for their crops and farming techniques.

lived in round beehive shaped homes

Southwestern

Pueblo: Native American culture centered around the present-day Four Corners area of the Southwest United States, noted for their distinctive pottery and dwelling construction

Hohokam: ancestors of Present day Pima, built canal system still used today. This allowed them to irrigate their crops

Bering Strait Land Bridge

Scientists believe the Native Americans can from Asia using a land bride over the Bering Strait.

What were the early impacts of European contact with Native Americans

Religious Economic Social Food Government Exploration

Religious Impacts

Explorer tried to convert Native Americans to Catholicism

Economic

Europeans saw this as an opportunity to set up trading posts.

Created the triangular trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas

Social Implications

The biggest problems of the arrival of Europeans was the spread of disease to the Native Americas; sometime eliminating whole tribes.

Food

In return of goods, Native Americans taught the settlers farming techniques and the use of different crops such as corn.

Government

Iroquois Confederacy Matriarchal Leadership Democratic Influence

Iroquois Confederacy

is a group of First Nations/Native Americans that originally consisted of five tribes: the Mohawk, the Oneida, the Onondaga, the Cayuga, and the Seneca. A sixth tribe, the Tuscarora, joined after the original five nations were formed

completed a constitution known as the Gayanashagowa (or "Great Law of Peace")

Created a democracy

Matriarchal Leadership

Where power of the group or tribe resides in the females

Exploration

Spanish exploration was led by Christopher Columbus

Goal was to fins a westward route to China voyages that led to general European awareness of

the hemisphere and the successful establishment of European cultures in the New World.

Italian but sailed for Spain Spanish explorers and soldiers were known as

Conquistadors

Exploration

French exploration was led by Jacques Marquette

first Europeans to see and map the northern portion of the Mississippi River

Believed in taking up the Native American culture, sometime even marrying into a tribe.

Exploration

The Dutch exploration was led by Henry Hudson

Hudson was chosen by the Dutch East India Company to find an easterly passage to Asia

Explorers areas of present day Canada Thought the Native Americans and the

English should always be separated.

What were the push/ pull factors for the English to come to America?

Religious Freedom– People were being persecuted

Desire for land– People could own their own land– “Headright” system gave land to settlers to entice them to

come

Economic Opportunities– Market for the English to sell their product

A new life

Colonial Government

Mayflower Compact: The first representative gov’t in Am.

41 signed it saying they would create and obey the laws for the good of the colony.

Colonial Government

House of Burgesses--the first elected legislative assembly in the New World established in the Colony of Virginia in 1619.

Religious Groups

Puritans Quakers Catholics Protestants

Puritans

Protestants wanted a simpler church service wanted a separation from the Curch of England came to Am. on the Mayflower led by William

Bradford John Wintrop took the lead of the new colony and

the Great Migration followed, with 20,000 Puritans coming to New England

Quakers

Protestant that did not follow the Church of England Called the society of Friends Founded by George Fox Believed in a direct communication with God, no

preachers Believed in predestination Believed in the equality of men and women Accepted in RI

Catholic

Settled in colonies such as Maryland and New Jersey

Protestants

People who are against the policies of the Catholic Church.

It started with Martin Luther when he put 95 complaints on to the church door

People of Colonial America

John Smith William Penn Roger Williams Anne Hutchison John Winthrop

Events that led to French and Indian War

Slavery: by 1700’s people with any white descent could apply for their freedom

Enlightenment Period: People start to question the foundations the church and govt. They started thinking for themselves

Navigation Acts: Eliminated foreigner from trading with the colonists. It gave the British a monopoly over the colonies.

French and English expanded to get more land in the Americas

French and Indian War

Started in 1754 British and colonist fought the French Indians The treaty of Paris 1763 ended war British won

Effects of the war

Colonist had to pay for costs of the war Proclamation of : Settlers could not go past

the Appalachian MTS. Indians supported this because they could secure their land.

Colonist receive some control during the war but lost it back to the BR after the war

Native Americans lost power Gave British land to Mississippi