Discovery and Settlement of the New World

• Objectives- Students will understand and demonstrate…– 1) Identify 1 reason why Spain and England

sought to settle the New World – 2) Identify and define the importance of 1

English and Spanish explorer.– 3) Analyze 2 differences between Spanish and

English settlement of the New World• Instructions for taking notes

– Words in bold should be copied by students– Italicized questions are meant to be answered and not written

down. If doing Cornell Notes, students can simply write their answers on the left side of the paper or answer verbally

I.

Exploration in 16th Century

(What were some of the motivations for Europe to explore?)

Portugal- 1st country to explore new route to Asia

a. Bartolomea Dias- 1487 reaches tip of Africa

*route to India around Africa dominated by Portugal

*Why does this motivate Spain to find westward route?

Spanish Exploration- created with discovering New World (N/S America)

• King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella- unite Spain as a Catholic nation, expel Muslims – Christopher Columbus- 1492,

“Discovers” Americas– Hernan Cortes- 1521, conquers Mexico– Pizarro- conquers Incas (South America)

• Horses and Disease- introduced to Native Americans

– Horses- transportation– Disease- 90% Native Americans

die within 100 years• Columbian Exchange- exchange of

goods from America and Europe– *How did Columbus’ discovery

change Europe? Native Americans?

– Did Columbus discover “The New World”?

Spanish Settlement

• Latin America– Imperial Bureaucracy- Gov. leaders

appointed by King• No Self Government

– Catholic Church- mission to convert N. Ams.

• Encomienda- system of slavery forcing N.Am. to work on missions

– Reason for few Blacks in Mexico

– Mining (Gold)- • Little Diversification in Economy

– How is this difference between settling Mexico and the US evident today?

English Exploration• Push Factors

– High Birth rate

• Law of Primogeniture- 1st son inherits all family land

– Who is 1st born and who is not? Would you go?

– Protestantism vs. Catholicism- Eng/Protestant, Spain/Catholic

• NAm settlement seen as a duty to expand their religious belief

• Spanish Armada- failed Sp. Invasion of Eng, Sp. Navy destroyed

– England controls the North Atlantic

– How does the Sp. Armada change Eng. world status?

Early English Colonization• Roanoke-1st English attempt to settle

Nam. (disappered!)• Jamestown-1607- 1st successful Eng.

Town in NAm– Virginia Company (Joint Stock

Company)- funded Jamestown (goal to earn a return/$)

• Gentleman Settlers- wealthy second sons

• What problems will they have settling Jamestown?

– Gold- looked for, not found– Starving Time-360/400

settlers die– John Smith- organized

settlers (“Don’t work, don’t eat’)

• Tobacco- crop that made Jamestown profitable

– What was the purpose why England decided to settle North America?

– What was the reason why you felt people first moved to United States?

What about the Native Americans?• Powhatans- local NAm. Around Jamestown• 3D’s (Reason Eng. treated NAm differently

from Spain)– Disease- majority died off– Disorganization- Nam. hated each other– Disposability- no gold meant no need

for unskilled workers• Were the Native Americans savages?• How would things have been different if

English settlers decided to live in harmony with Native Americans?

• Was there an alternative to the harsh treatment of Native Americans?