Discourse and Summarization - Sameer Singhsameersingh.org/courses/...discourse-summarization.pdf ·...

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Discourse and Summarization Prof. Sameer Singh CS 295: STATISTICAL NLP WINTER 2017 March 16, 2017 Based on slides from Dan Jurafsky, Jacob Eisenstein, and everyone else they copied from.

Transcript of Discourse and Summarization - Sameer Singhsameersingh.org/courses/...discourse-summarization.pdf ·...

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DiscourseandSummarization

Prof.SameerSinghCS295:STATISTICALNLP

WINTER2017

March16,2017

BasedonslidesfromDanJurafsky,JacobEisenstein,andeveryoneelsetheycopiedfrom.

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Upcoming…

• Finalreportdueinaweek:March20,2017• Instructionsup:ACLstyle,5pages(+references)Project

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Outline

Discourse

3

Summarization

Wrapup

CS295:STATISTICALNLP(WINTER2017)

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Outline

Discourse

4

Summarization

Wrapup

CS295:STATISTICALNLP(WINTER2017)

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Discourse

5

Coreference

Coherence

Relations

Resolvingentities andevents.

Whatmakesthetextcoherent?

Rhetorical andnarrative linksbetweenunits

CS295:STATISTICALNLP(WINTER2017)

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Discourse

6

Coreference

Coherence

Relations

Resolvingentities andevents.

Whatmakesthetextcoherent?

Rhetorical andnarrative linksbetweenunits

CS295:STATISTICALNLP(WINTER2017)

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Coherence

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Coherence

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CoherencevsSemantics

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Ameaninglesssentencecanbegrammatical..

Colorlessgreenideassleepfuriously

Thediscourseequivalentofgrammaticalityiscoherence

Canacoherenttextbewithoutmeaning?

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ExampleEssay

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ExampleEssay

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Thesecondreasonforthefive-paragraphthemeisthatitmakesyoufocusonasingletopic.Somepeoplestartwritingontheusualtopic,likeTVcommercials,andtheywindupallovertheplace,talkingaboutwhereTVcamefromorcapitalismorhealthfoodsorwhatever.Butwithonlyfiveparagraphsandonetopicyou’renottemptedtogetbeyondyouroriginalidea,likecommercialsareagoodsourceofinformationaboutproducts.Yougiveyourthreeexamples,andzap!you’redone.Thisisanotherwaythefive-paragraphthemekeepsyoufromthinkingtoomuch.

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Detecting“Coherency”

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DiscourseConnectors

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LexicalChains

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DiscourseRelations

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1.Intoday’ssociety,collegeisambiguous.2.Weneedittolive,3.butwealsoneedittolove.4.Moreover,withoutcollegemostoftheworld’slearningwouldbeegregious.5.College,however,hasmyriadcosts.6.Oneofthemostimportantissuesfacingtheworldishowtoreducecollegecosts.7.Somehavearguedthatcollegecostsareduetotheluxuriesstudentsnowexpect.8.Othershavearguedthatthecostsarearesultofathletics.9.Inreality,highcollegecostsaretheresultofexcessivepayforteachingassistants

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DiscourseRelations

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1.Intoday’ssociety,collegeisambiguous.2.Weneedittolive,3.butwealsoneedittolove.4.Moreover,withoutcollegemostoftheworld’slearningwouldbeegregious.5.College,however,hasmyriadcosts.6.Oneofthemostimportantissuesfacingtheworldishowtoreducecollegecosts.7.Somehavearguedthatcollegecostsareduetotheluxuriesstudentsnowexpect.8.Othershavearguedthatthecostsarearesultofathletics.9.Inreality,highcollegecostsaretheresultofexcessivepayforteachingassistants

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DiscourseRelations

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1.Intoday’ssociety,collegeisambiguous.2.Weneedittolive,3.butwealsoneedittolove.4.Moreover,withoutcollegemostoftheworld’slearningwouldbeegregious.5.College,however,hasmyriadcosts.6.Oneofthemostimportantissuesfacingtheworldishowtoreducecollegecosts.7.Somehavearguedthatcollegecostsareduetotheluxuriesstudentsnowexpect.8.Othershavearguedthatthecostsarearesultofathletics.9.Inreality,highcollegecostsaretheresultofexcessivepayforteachingassistants

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DiscourseRelations

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1.Intoday’ssociety,collegeisambiguous.2.Weneedittolive,3.butwealsoneedittolove.4.Moreover,withoutcollegemostoftheworld’slearningwouldbeegregious.5.College,however,hasmyriadcosts.6.Oneofthemostimportantissuesfacingtheworldishowtoreducecollegecosts.7.Somehavearguedthatcollegecostsareduetotheluxuriesstudentsnowexpect.8.Othershavearguedthatthecostsarearesultofathletics.9.Inreality,highcollegecostsaretheresultofexcessivepayforteachingassistants

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DiscourseRelations

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1.Intoday’ssociety,collegeisambiguous.2.Weneedittolive,3.butwealsoneedittolove.4.Moreover,withoutcollegemostoftheworld’slearningwouldbeegregious.5.College,however,hasmyriadcosts.6.Oneofthemostimportantissuesfacingtheworldishowtoreducecollegecosts.7.Somehavearguedthatcollegecostsareduetotheluxuriesstudentsnowexpect.8.Othershavearguedthatthecostsarearesultofathletics.9.Inreality,highcollegecostsaretheresultofexcessivepayforteachingassistants

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DiscourseRelations

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1.Intoday’ssociety,collegeisambiguous.2.Weneedittolive,3.butwealsoneedittolove.4.Moreover,withoutcollegemostoftheworld’slearningwouldbeegregious.5.College,however,hasmyriadcosts.6.Oneofthemostimportantissuesfacingtheworldishowtoreducecollegecosts.7.Somehavearguedthatcollegecostsareduetotheluxuriesstudentsnowexpect.8.Othershavearguedthatthecostsarearesultofathletics.9.Inreality,highcollegecostsaretheresultofexcessivepayforteachingassistants

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CoherenceStructure

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Segmentation

Zoning/Ordering

Centering/Salience

1.Intoday’ssociety,collegeisambiguous.2.Weneedittolive,3.butwealsoneedittolove.4.Moreover,withoutcollegemostoftheworld’slearningwouldbeegregious.5.College,however,hasmyriadcosts.6.Oneofthemostimportantissuesfacingtheworldishowtoreducecollegecosts.7.Somehavearguedthatcollegecostsareduetotheluxuriesstudentsnowexpect.8.Othershavearguedthatthecostsarearesultofathletics.9.Inreality,highcollegecostsaretheresultofexcessivepayforteachingassistants

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CoherenceStructure

22

Segmentation`

Zoning/Ordering

Centering/Salience

1.Intoday’ssociety,collegeisambiguous.2.Weneedittolive,3.butwealsoneedittolove.4.Moreover,withoutcollegemostoftheworld’slearningwouldbeegregious.5.College,however,hasmyriadcosts.6.Oneofthemostimportantissuesfacingtheworldishowtoreducecollegecosts.7.Somehavearguedthatcollegecostsareduetotheluxuriesstudentsnowexpect.8.Othershavearguedthatthecostsarearesultofathletics.9.Inreality,highcollegecostsaretheresultofexcessivepayforteachingassistants

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CoherenceStructure

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Segmentation

Zoning/Ordering

Centering/Salience

1.Intoday’ssociety,collegeisambiguous.2.Weneedittolive,3.butwealsoneedittolove.4.Moreover,withoutcollegemostoftheworld’slearningwouldbeegregious.5.College,however,hasmyriadcosts.6.Oneofthemostimportantissuesfacingtheworldishowtoreducecollegecosts.7.Somehavearguedthatcollegecostsareduetotheluxuriesstudentsnowexpect.8.Othershavearguedthatthecostsarearesultofathletics.9.Inreality,highcollegecostsaretheresultofexcessivepayforteachingassistants

1.Intoday’ssociety,collegeisambiguous.2.Weneedittolive,3.butwealsoneedittolove.4.Moreover,withoutcollegemostoftheworld’slearningwouldbeegregious.5.College,however,hasmyriadcosts.6.Oneofthemostimportantissuesfacingtheworldishowtoreducecollegecosts.7.Somehavearguedthatcollegecostsareduetotheluxuriesstudentsnowexpect.8.Othershavearguedthatthecostsarearesultofathletics.9.Inreality,highcollegecostsaretheresultofexcessivepayforteachingassistants

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CoherenceStructure

24

Segmentation

Zoning/Ordering

Centering/Salience

1.Intoday’ssociety,collegeisambiguous.2.Weneedittolive,3.butwealsoneedittolove.4.Moreover,withoutcollegemostoftheworld’slearningwouldbeegregious.5.College,however,hasmyriadcosts.6.Oneofthemostimportantissuesfacingtheworldishowtoreducecollegecosts.7.Somehavearguedthatcollegecostsareduetotheluxuriesstudentsnowexpect.8.Othershavearguedthatthecostsarearesultofathletics.9.Inreality,highcollegecostsaretheresultofexcessivepayforteachingassistants

1.Intoday’ssociety,collegeisambiguous.2.Weneedittolive,3.butwealsoneedittolove.4.Moreover,withoutcollegemostoftheworld’slearningwouldbeegregious.5.College,however,hasmyriadcosts.6.Oneofthemostimportantissuesfacingtheworldishowtoreducecollegecosts.7.Somehavearguedthatcollegecostsareduetotheluxuriesstudentsnowexpect.8.Othershavearguedthatthecostsarearesultofathletics.9.Inreality,highcollegecostsaretheresultofexcessivepayforteachingassistants

1.Intoday’ssociety,collegeisambiguous.2.Weneedittolive,3.butwealsoneedittolove.4.Moreover,withoutcollegemostoftheworld’slearningwouldbeegregious.5.College,however,hasmyriadcosts.6.Oneofthemostimportantissuesfacingtheworldishowtoreducecollegecosts.7.Somehavearguedthatcollegecostsareduetotheluxuriesstudentsnowexpect.8.Othershavearguedthatthecostsarearesultofathletics.9.Inreality,highcollegecostsaretheresultofexcessivepayforteachingassistants

CS295:STATISTICALNLP(WINTER2017)

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ApplicationsofCoherence

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SentenceOrdering

Whengeneratingsummaries,reordertillsentencesarecoherent.

ReadabilityAssessment Isapieceoftexteasilyreadable?

CS295:STATISTICALNLP(WINTER2017)

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Discourse

26

Coreference

Coherence

Relations

Resolvingentities andevents.

Whatmakesthetextcoherent?

Rhetorical andnarrative linksbetweenunits

CS295:STATISTICALNLP(WINTER2017)

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DiscourseRelations

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UseinSentimentAnalysis

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Outline

Discourse

29

Summarization

Wrapup

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TextSummarizationGoal:produceanabridgedversionofatextthatcontainsinformationthatisimportantorrelevanttoauser.

SummarizationApplications◦ outlinesorabstractsofanydocument,article,etc◦ summariesofemailthreads◦ actionitemsfromameeting◦ simplifyingtextbycompressingsentences

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Whattosummarize?Single-documentsummarization◦ Givenasingledocument,produce◦ abstract◦ outline◦ headline

Multiple-documentsummarization◦ Givenagroupofdocuments,producea“gist”:◦ aseriesofnewsstoriesonthesameevent◦ asetofwebpagesaboutsometopicorquestion

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Query-focusedvsGenericGenericsummarization:◦ Summarizethecontentofadocument

Query-focusedsummarization:◦ summarizeadocumentwithrespecttoaninformationneedexpressedinauserquery.

◦ akindofcomplexquestionanswering:◦ Answeraquestionbysummarizingadocumentthathastheinformationtoconstructtheanswer

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Extractivesummarization&AbstractivesummarizationExtractivesummarization:◦ createthesummaryfromphrasesorsentencesinthesourcedocument(s)

Abstractivesummarization:◦ expresstheideasinthesourcedocumentsusing(atleastinpart)differentwords

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Summarization:ThreeStages1. contentselection:choosesentencestoextractfromthedocument

2. informationordering:chooseanordertoplacetheminthesummary

3. sentencerealization:cleanupthesentences

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DocumentSentence

SegmentationSentenceExtraction

All sentencesfrom documents

Extracted sentences

Information Ordering

Sentence Realization

Summary

Content Selection

Sentence Simplification

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Simplifyingsentences

appositives Rajam,28,anartistwhowaslivingatthetimeinPhiladelphia,foundtheinspirationinthebackofcitymagazines.

attribution clauses Rebelsagreedtotalkswithgovernmentofficials,internationalobserverssaidTuesday.

PPswithoutnamed entities

ThecommercialfishingrestrictionsinWashingtonwillnotbeliftedunlessthesalmonpopulationincreases[PPtoasustainablenumber]]

initialadverbials “Forexample”,“Ontheotherhand”,“Asamatteroffact”,“Atthispoint”

CS295:STATISTICALNLP(WINTER2017) 35Zajic etal.(2007),Conroyetal.(2006),Vanderwende etal.(2007)

Simplestmethod:parsesentences,userulestodecidewhichmodifierstoprune(morerecentlyawidevarietyofmachine-learningmethods)

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ROUGE(RecallOrientedUnderstudyforGistingEvaluation)Intrinsicmetricforautomaticallyevaluatingsummaries◦ BasedonBLEU(ametricusedformachinetranslation)◦ Notasgoodashumanevaluation(“Didthisanswertheuser’squestion?”)◦ Butmuchmoreconvenient

GivenadocumentD,andanautomaticsummaryX:◦ HaveNhumansproduceasetofreferencesummariesofD◦ Runsystem,givingautomaticsummaryX◦ WhatpercentageofthebigramsfromthereferencesummariesappearinX?

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ROUGE − 2 =min(count(i,X),count(i,S))

bigrams i∈S∑

s∈{RefSummaries}∑

count(i,S)bigrams i∈S∑

s∈{RefSummaries}∑

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Outline

Discourse

37

Summarization

Wrapup

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WordoutofContext

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WordsinContext

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Sentences

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InformationExtraction

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MachineTranslation

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Other“Applications”

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DocumentDocumentDocument

DocumentDocume

ntDocumentDocume

ntDocument

Question Processing

PassageRetrieval

Query Formulation

Answer Type Detection

Question

Passage Retrieval

Document Retrieval

Answer Processing

Answer

passages

Indexing

RelevantDocs

DocumentDocumentDocument

DocumentSentence

SegmentationSentenceExtraction

All sentencesfrom documents

Extracted sentences

Information Ordering

Sentence Realization

Summary

Content Selection

Sentence Simplification

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Wrapup oftheCourse

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AndNow!

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DoresearchinNLP!

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Investigating Media Discourse (Domains of Discourse)

Investigating Media Discourse (Domains of Discourse)

VLSM & Route Summarization.pdf

VLSM & Route Summarization.pdf

Discourse, Ideology, Discourse, Ideology, Discourse...

Discourse, Ideology, Discourse, Ideology, Discourse...

Political Discourse: A Critical Discourse Analysis of ...

Political Discourse: A Critical Discourse Analysis of ...

LING 2023 Discourse Analysis LECTURE 2 Types of Discourse: Written and Spoken Discourse.

LING 2023 Discourse Analysis LECTURE 2 Types of Discourse: Written and Spoken Discourse.

The nature of discourse Spoken discourse

The nature of discourse Spoken discourse

Discourse and Pragmatics Mediated Discourse Analysis.

Discourse and Pragmatics Mediated Discourse Analysis.

Discourse Discourse, Ethnography and Essentialism · Discourse Discourse, ... notably Foucault and ... Whorf believed this to be true of language, discourse discourse extrapolates

Discourse Discourse, Ethnography and Essentialism · Discourse Discourse, ... notably Foucault and ... Whorf believed this to be true of language, discourse discourse extrapolates

Algorithms for NLPdemo.clab.cs.cmu.edu › algo4nlp20 › slides › summarization.pdf · Unsupervised content selection Intuition dating back to Luhn (1958): Choose sentences that

Algorithms for NLPdemo.clab.cs.cmu.edu › algo4nlp20 › slides › summarization.pdf · Unsupervised content selection Intuition dating back to Luhn (1958): Choose sentences that

Discourse. Student Discourse How would you define student discourse? “IS considered student discourse” “IS NOT considered student discourse”

Discourse. Student Discourse How would you define student discourse? “IS considered student discourse” “IS NOT considered student discourse”

Discourse. Other senses Hume: Discourse on Natural Religion story/discourse (histoire/discours, fabula/sjuzet) ‘discourse’ in linguistics.

Discourse. Other senses Hume: Discourse on Natural Religion story/discourse (histoire/discours, fabula/sjuzet) ‘discourse’ in linguistics.

Critical Discourse Analysis and the Discourse of … Discourse Analysis and the Discourse of Condescension ... F oucaultÓ; they Òserve a dem ... critical discourse analysis is to

Critical Discourse Analysis and the Discourse of … Discourse Analysis and the Discourse of Condescension ... F oucaultÓ; they Òserve a dem ... critical discourse analysis is to

Syntactic Parsing - Sameer Singhsameersingh.org/courses/statnlp/wi17/slides/lecture-0207-syntactic... · Syntactic Parsing Prof. Sameer Singh CS 295: STATISTICAL NLP WINTER 2017 February

Syntactic Parsing - Sameer Singhsameersingh.org/courses/statnlp/wi17/slides/lecture-0207-syntactic... · Syntactic Parsing Prof. Sameer Singh CS 295: STATISTICAL NLP WINTER 2017 February

ExpErimEntal structurE of discoursE: mapping thE discoursE ...

ExpErimEntal structurE of discoursE: mapping thE discoursE ...

Sequence Labeling, Contd - Sameer Singhsameersingh.org/.../wi17/slides/lecture-0202-sequence-labeling-contd… · Sequence Labeling, Contd Prof. Sameer Singh CS 295: STATISTICAL NLP

Sequence Labeling, Contd - Sameer Singhsameersingh.org/.../wi17/slides/lecture-0202-sequence-labeling-contd… · Sequence Labeling, Contd Prof. Sameer Singh CS 295: STATISTICAL NLP

IDEOLOGICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS - Discourse in Society

IDEOLOGICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS - Discourse in Society

Social Cognition and Discourse - Discourse in Society

Social Cognition and Discourse - Discourse in Society

Discourse & Discourse Analysis

Discourse & Discourse Analysis

Differences between Spoken Discourse and Written Discourse

Differences between Spoken Discourse and Written Discourse

The discourse bit Discourse, genre and discourse type.

The discourse bit Discourse, genre and discourse type.