Name :- Gohil Devangiba AniruddhsinhRoll No. :- 14Email Id :- devangibagohil786@gamil.comPaper No. :- 12 (English Language Teaching)Topic :- Discourse AnalysisSubmitted To :- Department Of English M.K.B.University

The study of discourse is the study of language independently of the notion of the sentence.

This usually involves studying longer (spoken and written) texts but, above all, it involves examining the relationship between a text and the situation in which it occurs.

So, even a short notice saying No Bicycle can be studied as discourse.

Discourse has two types:- 1) Spoken and 2) written

Discourse

Ways and Means Discourse Analysis

Rules and principles

Pragmatics (speech act theory and politeness

theory)Conversatio

n analysis

Contexts and Cultures:-

Ethnography

Interactional

Sociolinguistics

Functions and Structures:-

Systemic – Functional Linguistics

(SFL)

Birmingham school

discourse analysisText-

linguistics

Power and Politics:-

Pragmatics and

sociolinguistics approaches to power in languageCritical discourse analysis

Approach, Focus, and Method

1) Interaction

“a dynamic process, involving the negotiation of meaning between speaker and hearer, the context of utterance (physical,

social, and linguistic) and the meaning potential of an utterance” (Thomas, 1995, p. 22). The interactional workings of intention and effect are central to speech act theory; Grice’s maxims “are

essentially ground rules for the interactive management of intentions”

2) Context

context is part of what people

think and do and create rather

than merely a

fixed set of circumstances

constraining what they may think

and may do

3) Function

the kind of communicative functions that are typically realized in it (in church, praying; in the

classroom, eliciting, replying, and evaluating) and we can recognize a function by the kind of

contexts required for its performance (sentencing: the end of a trial, judge

speaking, prisoner being addressed; marrying: wedding ceremony, bride or groom addressing

officiating person).

4) Instrumentalities

Where the focus of research is on instrumentalities, issues of “quantity”

come to the fore. A register is a variety of language (like a dialect), a genre is a

type of speech event.

5) Text

The essential idea is that discourse analysts deal with meanings. They are interested only in forms and they are or should be interested in forms as

conveyors of meaning.

How you think about text will surely determine how you think

about context, function, instrumentalities, and interaction. It will also have a

profound impact on decisions about method

Doing CDA A deeper Understanding of Texts:-

GenreFramingForegrounding TopicalizationAgent-patient relationshipTextual form

Discourse and first language education

Education generally must acculturate children to new registers and genres, both

spoken and written, developing their grammatical, sociolinguistic, discourse, and strategic competences alongthe way (Verhoeven, 1997).

RESEARCH EXAMPLES 

Critical discourse analysis of literate Identities across Contexts:

Alignment and Conflict (Rebecca Rogers)

The point was to demonstrate in which changes in social identity

styles or social languages are transformed within domains

between the form and function of language-moving from linguistics

resources to social languages 

"LANGUAGE, POWER, AND PARTICIPATION, USING CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS TO MAKE SENSE OFPUBLIC POLICY" BY Haley Woodside

This word emphasizes the analysis of text, discoursepractices in policies related , specifically, to readinginstruction in education. conclusions

Conclusion