Disclaimer: You are responsible for anything we have covered in lecture, lab, or the field through...
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Transcript of Disclaimer: You are responsible for anything we have covered in lecture, lab, or the field through...
Disclaimer: You are responsible for anything we have covered in lecture, lab, or the field through Week 7 (March 4,5). This powerpoint serves as a guideline of general concepts we thought were important from each week. Things may appear on the exam that are not outlined in this review.
Format: The midterm exam will be in a practical format, with different stations spaced out around
the room. Each question will be worth 1 total point and there will be 40 total questions.
Fish AnatomyWeek 1
• Definition of Fish Ecology
• External structures
• Fin names, operculum, nares, etc.
• Internal structures
• Liver, heart, kidney, swim bladder, gonads, etc.
• Different Scale types
• Gill Rakers
• Teeth
• Caudal Fin Forms
Functional Morphologyweek 2
Know cladogram traits
Major Trends in Fish Evolution• Changes in cranium and jaw structure
– Branchiostegal rays – Pre-maxilla separation
• Changes in movement– Loss of external armor– Fins– Air bladders
Basic Body Shape
• Fusiform
• Laterally compressed (Deep-Bodied)
• Dorso-ventrally compressed (Flat-fish)
• Cylindrical/Attenuated
Basic Mouth Types
Superior
Terminal
Sub-Terminal Inferior
Mouth Shapes
• O - shaped (maximum area to perimeter) – Creates a vacuum in the water– expanding pre-maxila outward– Found commonly in Planktivores
• V-Shape or Duck Bill Shape– Vacuum less directed and less powerful– Allows for prey capture from the side– Found commonly in large Piscivores
Put it together with fin placement:
Body type/Specialists
• Rover predators• Lie and wait predators (fast start)
– Acceleration specialists• Maneuvering Specialist• Bottom Rovers• Bottom Clingers
Week 21st half of WI fishes
• Families• Common names• Functional morph questions are fair
game• Habitat/habit questions are fair game if
discussed in lecture
Week 3Population Ecology
• Trophic Cascade paper– Concepts, main points, figures– What is a model
• Different levels to study ecology• Defining populations• Density Dependence• Mark/Recapture analysis• Patterns of mortality• Autecology: habitat factors/niche• How to ID unknown fish with a Becker Key
Week 4Bioenergetics
Model and analogy
Consumption = Metabolism + Waste + Growth
Consumption = incomeMetabolism = rentWastes = taxesGrowth = savings account
Model Components:
Consumption
C =
Gonads Reproduction
ΔBiomass Growth
+ (ΔB + G)
Respiration Basal Metabolism
Active Metabolism Costs from activity
Specific Dynamic Action Costs from digestion
(R + A + S)
Egestion-F & Excretion -U
+ (F + U)
What we need to run the model?How do we get the data?
• Growth• Temperatures• Diets
– Energy density of prey• Basic physiological parameters
– Egestion/excretion– Specific dynamic action– Basal metabolism– Active metabolism
All processes are temp. and size dependent
p-value = proportion of max consumption
Consumption and Respiration Temperature Dependent
Spe
cific
Rat
e (g
/g/d
)
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
5 10 15 20 25 30
Temperature (C)
growth
SDA
excretion
egestion
Consumption = Cmax
starvation
Upper lethal
loss of growth
respiration
“Golden Banana”
Consumption and Respiration Size Dependent
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Spe
cific
Con
sum
ptio
n g/
g/d
Maxim
um C
onsumption g//d
8
6
4
2
5 10 15 20 25
Weight (g)
Week 5
Competition and Exotics• Basic types of species interactions
• Types of competition
• Fundamental vs Realized Niches
• Resource Partitioning/species packing
• Evidence of Competition (how we measure it)
• Lotka – Volterra equations
• Parameters, isoclines, graph interpretation
Week 5
Competition and Exotics• Three stages of invasion
•Common vectors/modes of transport of exotics
•Common traits of exotics that make them successful
• Influential exotic species in WI
• Alewife, goby, zebra mussels, asian carp, spiny water flea, etc.