Disaster Risk Reduction 7 December 2020

Online Pre-Conference

WATER, MEGACITIES AND GLOBAL CHANGE

7 – 11 December 2020

Disaster Risk Reduction 7 December 2020

Water scarcity mitigation in Northern MoroccoELBOUENANI, TELLAL, HOUSNI, FER, GATEL

https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/fer_0.pdf

PRE-CONFERENCE “WATER, MEGACITIES AND GLOBAL CHANGE”

Summary

1. Tetouan area context2. Drinking water sector3. Action 1: Secure raw water storage4. Action 2: Reduce water losses5. Action 3: Streamline consumptions6. Action 4: Reuse treated water7. Conclusions


1. Tetouan area context

● Tétouan is a located in North-West of Morocco, in the Western Riff, in the Tanger-Tétouan-Al Hoceima Region

● Population: 760,000 inhabitants● Area: 109 000 ha

● Tétouan has a mediterranean climate, with a rainy season from October to April, and a dry season from May to September

● Annual average rainfall is about 700-800mm


1. Tetouan area context

● Less and less rain every year● More and more customers:

○ existing habitants being progressively connected to the network○ new inhabitants, Tetouan being a popular summer resort

⇒ More and more pressure on the resource⇒ Increasing need to secure the whole drinking water distribution cycle


2. Drinking water sector

Actors & Organization

● The Moroccan National Government ⇒ Regulation, tariffs, etc.● The Loukkos Basin Agency ⇒ Raw water management● The National Office of Water ⇒ Drinking water treatment● The Tetouan Regulator ⇒ Coordination/supervision of the water sector● Amendis ⇒ The private operator for distribution● National/local associations and communities ⇒ Representing consumers protection and interests

⇒ Working altogether on all possible axis to secure drinking water supply of the area

Leverages

● Secure raw water resources● Reduce water losses● Avoid wastage● Treat and reuse

3. Secure raw water storage

2002

2 dams, capacities:● Nakhla (since 1961): 4,21Mm3

● Smir (since 1991): 39Mm3

⇒ 43Mm3 < 1 year of drinking water needs of the area



● Moulay Hassan Ben Al Mahdi (2005): 28,8Mm3

● Acharif Al Idrissi (2018): 121,6Mm3

⇒ 198Mm3 ~ 4 years of drinking water needs of thearea

2018

PRE-CONFERENCE “WATER, MEGACITIES AND

GLOBAL CHANGE”



2002



⇒ 43Mm3 < 1 year of drinking water needs of the area



● Moulay Hassan Ben Al Mahdi (2005): 28,8Mm3

● Acharif Al Idrissi (2018): 121,6Mm3

⇒ 198Mm3 ~ 4 years of drinking water needs of thearea

2018



Actual level of water in the reservoirs: from 40Mm3 (2002) to 150Mm3 (2020)

2016 water crisis(3 months with 30% of reduction

of distributed water)


4. Reduce water losses

Action Plan

● Individual meters for each customer⇒ Customers’ empowerment

● Comprehensive zoning strategy with pressure zones.

170 hydraulic zones controlled with 120 stabilizers or Pressure Reduction Valves (PRV).2-stages PRV being progressively deployed to reduce even more pressure at night⇒ Better pressure management + targeted pressure reduction at night

● Implementation of a supervision system (local SCADA + centralised supervision system)● Systematization and optimisation of active leakage detection and repair works

⇒ Leakage reduction● Major upgrade of Customer Service Management System (Wat.erp)

⇒ Better management of consumptions, meters, customers and follow up of NRW indicators

● Progressive improvement of service coverage rate, from 71,0% in 2002 up to 96,4% in 2018.333,200 additional inhabitants served in 17 years⇒ lots of new pipes being introduced on the network, with a positive impact on leakage⇒ newly connected users now paying for drinking water services automatically reduced unuseful uses and wastage

⇒ Network efficiency improved from 53% in 2002 to 81% in 2018


4. Reduce water losses

Introduced volume

● Improved network efficiency● Improved covering rate

⇒ More customers served, more distributedvolumes,with the same introduced volumes in the network

● Linear Leakage Index / 5 in 17 years● ~ more than 4 years of water consumption

~ 120Mm3 of effective volume preserved on the resource itself

Figures &

Results


5. Streamline consumptions

Higher fares sales (in m3)

2014’s policy change impact:

1. First, customers see that their actual consumptions cost morethan it used to be, due to unmanaged consumption habits (brutalswitch towards higher fares > 12m3/month)

2. Then a progressive switch back to lower fares, customer beingable to change their consumption habits and reduce down within12m3/month lower fares

Regulation

● A comprehensive tariff grid● Managed at national level● Tariff itself can vary from city to city● Before 2014: progressive● From 2014: mix of progressive (2 lower fares) & selective (3 higher fares starting from 12m3/month)

⇒ Strong incentive to stay below 12m3/month, within progressive fares


5. Streamline consumptions

● Free water known to lead to potential wastage and misuses● Progressive connection to the whole population lead to:

○ the removal of standpipes/fountains○ the obligation to pay for the water services

● Risk of unpaid bills, impossibility to manage the service, social instability, etc.

⇒ Strong need for customer to control its consumption⇒ Strong need for the operator to inform the population about best practices

● Brochures, radio messages, videos in agencies and social networks

● Leverage of local communities integration in all service areas to spread messages about water uses best practices and invoice understanding

● Involvement into local, national and international events related to water themes● Presence in schools through green classes, comics festival, street theatre related to water themes

⇒ Engage in the long term at all levels of the community using all possible ways of communicationAwareness


5. Reuse treated water

● Greening can represent up to 10% of drinking water uses in summer

● A wastewater treatment plant has been commissioned in 2011, followed by a tertiarytreatment and a 40km long network dedicated to treated water distribution for golf andgreen areas

● Reuse distribution started in 2016, and now reaches 600,000m3/year, covering 170 hectaresof green areas and golf ~ 2% of yearly resource withdrawal

● Further extensions are already ongoing, with a target of 1.6Mm3 by 2023


Conclusions

Results

● Securing raw water storage ⇒ +300%, from 50Mm3 to 150Mm3● Network efficiency actions ⇒ +28% in 17 years, reaching 82% in 2019, saving 120Mm3 on theresource● Consumption streamlining through regulation, tariffs and awareness ⇒ -14% in domestic specific consumptions● Reuse of treated wastewater ⇒ 600,000m3 reached in 2019, saving 2% on the annual resource withdrawal

Return on EXperience

● Despite all actions, 3 months crisis in 2016 ⇒ 2 decades were just enough to secure the situation● Coordination is a key factor between all actors● Technical expertise does not guarantee everything, regulation and local communities are vital

● If raw water storage and specific consumption may have reached an optimum, there is still some space to improve network efficiency and treated water reuse.

Online Pre-Conference

WATER, MEGACITIES AND GLOBAL CHANGE

7 – 11 December 2020

Thank you for your attention !

Youness EL BOUENANI [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Disaster Risk Reduction 7 December 2020

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