Disaster RISK Management : Bhutanese Scenario...Presentation Outline 1. Country Profile : Bhutan 2....
Transcript of Disaster RISK Management : Bhutanese Scenario...Presentation Outline 1. Country Profile : Bhutan 2....
Disaster RISK Management : Bhutanese Scenario
Expert Group Meeting (EGM) on Geo-referenced Information Systems for Disaster Risk Management (Geo-DRM) and sustaining the Community of Practice (COP), Bangkok, Thailand
Presented by: Boby PradhanSurvey EngineerNational Land [email protected]
Presentation Outline
1. Country Profile : Bhutan
2. Background on Disaster Management Institution in Bhutan
3. Disaster Risks in Bhutan
4. GIS for Disaster Risk Management
5. DRM Challenges in Bhutan
6. Support role of ESCAP
7. Conclusion
• Small, mountainous, landlocked country in South Asia
• located in the eastern Himalayas, bordered by India and China
• Government: Constitutional Monarch
• Development Philosophy: Gross National Happiness
• Size: about 46,000 Sq. Km with 70% forest cover
• Population: about 0.7 Million
• Capital City: Thimphu
• Altitude : Varies from 150m to 7570m above MSL
• National Language :Dzongkha
• Climate: Four seasons (Spring, summer, Autumn & Winter)
2. Background on Disaster Management Institution
• 2005 – establishment of DM Division, MoHCA
• 2006 – National Disaster Risk Management Framework adopted ; guiding policy for DM
• 2007 – Drafting of DM Bill
• 2008 – Dept. of Disaster Management, MoHCA
• 2013 (February) – DM Act enacted
Guiding Philosophy of DM Act, 2013
• Pre-planned vs Adhoc reactive approach
• Multi-Agencies vs Single Agency approach
• Decentralized vs Centralized approach
2.1 Disaster Management Institution organogram(DM Act,2013)
National Disaster Management
Authority
Ministries/Agencies
•Inter Ministerial Task Force
Dept. of Disaster Management
•National Emergency Operation Center
District Disaster Management
Committee
Municipal DM Committee
Sub District DM Committee
Village/Block DM Committee
3. Disaster Risks in Bhutan
Earthquake
September 21, 2009 Earthquake (M=6.1)
Impacts:
• Affected 6 eastern
districts out of 20 in Bhutan
• 12 lives lost
• Over 7000 people left without adequate shelter
• Estimated loss of over US$54 Million: UNDP/World Bank Assessment Report
• GLOFs: the most serious natural hazard with 25 lakes, few potentially dangerous.
• Hazards due to GLOF & monsoon floods are likely to increase in intensity with the impacts of climate change.
• Settlements downstream are most vulnerable
• Trans boundary issues
Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF) & Monsoon floods
Natural/artificial Dam formation & dam burst
• Land slides
• Too many HPP : at least one or more HPP in main rivers
Landslide
• Occurs in summer triggered by heavy monsoon rain
• Road maintenance being one of the largest expenditure to Govt.
Fire
• Over 20,000 acres of forest were destroyed this winter
• Wangdi Dzonggutted by fire
Windstorm/hail storm
• private houses & schools in five districts were destroyed
• Crops & other vegetation
Epidemics, Pests, Diseases
• Army worm attack in 2012
• Frequent bird flu out break
Road Accidents
• Reckless & drink driving
• Poor road & weather conditions
• Human error & Mechanical failure
4. GIS for Disaster Risk Management
Disaster Phases GIS Applications
Before Disaster
(Mitigation &
Preparedness – Disaster
Management Plan)
Risk assessment, Identification of evacuation route and
shelter,
Early warning system,
Cost/Benefit relationship to justify measures oriented for
disaster risk reduction,
During Disaster
(Response & Relief –
Disaster Contingency
plan)
Damage scenarios to be prepared for emergency
response,
Clear direction for SAR (with GPS),
Identification of suitable evacuation route & area for
rehabilitation
After Disaster
(Reconstruction &
Recovery)
Damage assessment (based on high resolution satellite
image) – identify the type & amount of damage,
Identification of suitable location for reconstruction
5. DRM Challenges in Bhutan
• Illiterate population, inadequate awareness
• Difficult terrain
• Lack of coordination among stake holders
• inadequate resources
- financial
- professionals
• data redundancy
6. Support Role of ESCAP
• Technical expertise and financial assistance towards building capacity at local level
• Share Success stories, international best practices
• Regional collaboration towards Strengthening Coordination among Relevant Agencies
• Sensitization/Awareness on the benefits of GIS, Geo-Portal for DRM
• Sensitize policy/decision makers
7. Conclusion
• Combating disaster is a common responsibility
• Preparedness & Planning is a must
• Effective Sensitization/Awareness programs
• Collaboration & Capacity development
Thank you!