DISASTER PROTECTION A Time-Dependent and Policy- Driven Process to Protect a City’s Transportation...
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Transcript of DISASTER PROTECTION A Time-Dependent and Policy- Driven Process to Protect a City’s Transportation...
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DISASTER PROTECTION
A Time-Dependent and Policy-Driven Process to Protect a City’s
Transportation Systems From Disaster
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of
North Carolina, USA
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THE FOCUS:FROM UN—PROTECTED
TO PROTECTED TRANSPORTATION
SYSTEMS
THE FOCUS:FROM UN—PROTECTED
TO PROTECTED TRANSPORTATION
SYSTEMS
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A CITY CAN BECOME DISASTER RESILIENT
WHEN …
ITS PEOPLE, BUILDINGS, INFRASTRUCTURE, ESSENTIAL AND
CRITICAL FACILITIES ARE PROTECTED BY CODES & STANDARDS AGAINST
THE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS OF LIKELY NATURAL HAZARDS
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COMMUNITYCOMMUNITYCOMMUNITYCOMMUNITYDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION
HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS
•NATURAL HAZARDS•INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION
RISK ASSESSMENTRISK ASSESSMENT
RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
GOAL: DISASTER GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE
•PREPAREDNESS•PROTECTION•EMERGENCY RESPONSE•RECOVERY IENCE
FOUR PILLARS OF FOUR PILLARS OF RESILIENCERESILIENCE
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A DISASTER OCCURS WHEN A COMMUNITY’S PUBLIC
POLICIES ALLOW IT TO BE …
UN—PREPARED
UN—PROTECTED
UN—ABLE TO RESPOND EFFECTIVELY
UN (NON)--RESILIENT
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TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
• Provide an essential functionessential function to society by moving people and goods from point “A” to point “B”
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TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
• Types: Roads, railroads, mass transit, water-borne and air transport systems, and pipelines
• Scales: urban, regional, national, and international.
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ELEMENTS OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
• Built infrastructureBuilt infrastructure• roads, runways,
airports, terminals, railways, stations, canals, ports, traffic control centers, maintenance and operation facilities, pipelines, etc.
• Operations sideOperations side
• vehicles, traffic safety and control, power, commun-ications and signaling, maintenance, transportation operators, etc.
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FEATURES THAT AFFECT RESILIENCY
Extend over broad geographical areas (exposed to many kinds of natural hazards)
Large number of components that are subject to either POINT or AREA failure (multiple types of vulnerabilities).
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FEATURES THAT AFFECT RESILIENCY (Continued)
Roadways and railways frequently follow river valleys (easier and cheaper to build, but prone to floods)
Utilities, including pipelines, often follow right-of-ways (reduces legal problems and costs)
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FEATURES THAT AFFECT RESILIENCY (Continued)
Multiple entities have responsibility for, or oversight of the system (variable policies)
Typically owned by public entities and publicly funded (usually self-insured)
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FEATURES THAT AFFECT RESILIENCY (Continued)
Different modes of trans-portation are interconnected
They interact with each other and other elements of a community’s built environ-ment; hence, the name, “City Lifeline Systems”.
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WITHOUT PROTECTION (i.e., building codes and lifeline
standards), NATURAL DISASTERS CAN, AND USUALLY DO, CAUSE
GREAT LOSS OF FUNCTION IN CITY TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
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HIGHWAY SYSTEMS: CAN LOSE FUNCTION FROM:
Flooding from tropical storms, hurricanes, and typhoons,Landslides (rock falls, spreads, slides, flows)Earthquakes (ground shaking)
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AIR TRANSPORT SYSTEMS CAN LOSE THEIR FUNCTION FROM:
Earthquakes (ground shaking and ground failure)Tsunamis (tsunami wave run up)Tornadoes (wind damage)
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SENDAI AIRPORT: COVERED WITH MUD FROM TSUNAMI
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SENDAI AIRPORT: COVERED WITH CARS, MUD, & DEBRIS
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TORNADO DAMAGES LAMBERT AIRPORT; ST LOUIS, MO, UISA
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RAILROAD SYSTEMS CAN LOSE THEIR FUNCTION FROM:
Earthquakes (ground shaking and ground failure)
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JAPAN: PASSENGERS STRANDED IN SENDAI STATION
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PIPELINE SYSTEMS CAN LOSE THEIR FUNCTION FROM:
Earthquakes (ground shaking and ground failure)
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DISASTER RESILIENCE REQUIRES CITIES TO ADOPT AND
IMPLEMENT PUBLIC POLICIES TO MOVE AWAY FROM THE STATE OF BEING:
UN—PREPAREDUN—PROTECTED
UN—ABLE TO RESPONDAND NON--RESILIENT
DISASTER RESILIENCE REQUIRES CITIES TO ADOPT AND
IMPLEMENT PUBLIC POLICIES TO MOVE AWAY FROM THE STATE OF BEING:
UN—PREPAREDUN—PROTECTED
UN—ABLE TO RESPONDAND NON--RESILIENT