Disaster Disaster ManagementManagement

Civil-Military Civil-Military CoordinationCoordination

ARF Meeting on Development of ARF Meeting on Development of TTEx for ARF DiREx 2011TTEx for ARF DiREx 2011Bandung, 5-7 August 2010Bandung, 5-7 August 2010

What is Disaster Management?

DM is the discipline of dealing with and DM is the discipline of dealing with and avoiding risks. It is a continuous process by avoiding risks. It is a continuous process by which societies manage hazards in an effort which societies manage hazards in an effort to avoid or reduce the impact of disasters.to avoid or reduce the impact of disasters.

DM involves preparing for disaster before it DM involves preparing for disaster before it occurs, disaster response, and supporting occurs, disaster response, and supporting and rebuilding society after natural or man-and rebuilding society after natural or man-made disasters.made disasters.

DM – A Four-Phase Approach

Mitigation – involves reducing or eliminating Mitigation – involves reducing or eliminating the likelihood or the consequences of a the likelihood or the consequences of a hazard.hazard.

Preparedness – involves planning, Preparedness – involves planning, organising, training, exercising, evaluation organising, training, exercising, evaluation activities to ensure effective coordination activities to ensure effective coordination and enhancement of capacities to respond to and enhancement of capacities to respond to disasters.disasters.

Response – involves taking actions to reduce Response – involves taking actions to reduce or eliminate the impact of disasters that or eliminate the impact of disasters that have occurred or currently occurring.have occurred or currently occurring.

Recovery – involves restoring the affected Recovery – involves restoring the affected area and populations to a normal state.area and populations to a normal state.

Humanitarian Partnership - THE KEY ACTORS

Why partnerships? Partnerships are at the centre of effective Partnerships are at the centre of effective

humanitarian response, and form the basis humanitarian response, and form the basis for humanitarian actionfor humanitarian action

No single humanitarian agency can cover all No single humanitarian agency can cover all humanitarian needshumanitarian needs

Collaboration is not an option, it is a Collaboration is not an option, it is a necessitynecessity

Limited resources – need more efficiency in Limited resources – need more efficiency in responseresponse

Common interest and objectivesCommon interest and objectives

We need to deal with a multiplicity of actors

We need to work with limited resources.

We need to avoid the politicization of aid

We need to avoid gaps, duplications, and assure the responsibility of each humanitarian partner.

Why do we need Coordination?

What is Civil-Military What is Civil-Military Coordination Coordination

The essential dialogue and interaction The essential dialogue and interaction between civilian and military actors in between civilian and military actors in humanitarian emergencies that is humanitarian emergencies that is necessary to protect and promote necessary to protect and promote humanitarian principles, avoid humanitarian principles, avoid competition, minimize inconsistency, competition, minimize inconsistency, and when appropriate pursue common and when appropriate pursue common goals.goals.

What is CMCoord?

Basic coordination strategies range from coexistence to cooperation.

Coordination is a shared responsibility facilitated by liaison and common training.

Key elements include:

Planning

Information Sharing

Task Division

Why Have it?

In the areas of security, medical evacuation, logistics, transport, communications, information management, and others.

Ensure that humanitarians have the access they require, but at the same time do not become targets.

Minimize the competition for scarce resources such as ports, supply routes, airfields and other logistics infrastructure.

Why Have it?

Armed actors are likely to seek to establish relationships with the civilian population and in many cases attempt to provide them assistance .

Though military forces can provide useful resources and support to the affected country, population or humanitarian actors, the percieved association with the armed actors can compromise the humanitarian efforts and may pose an additional security threat.

CMCoord and Humanitarian Assistance

Operations

Military forces are active players in international crisis response

Many nations use their militaries as first responders to natural disasters

Unique capabilities not available from civilian assets

Potential Benefits for Humanitarian Community

Access to extensive logistics capability

Airlift, sealift, overland transportation

Medical assistance, supplies and technical capabilities

Communications assests

Manpower

Protection

CMCoord and Humanitarian Concepts and

Principles

Humanity, Neutrality, Impartiality

Needs-Based Assistance

Humanitarian Access to Vulnerable Populations

Perception of impartiality/Neutrality

Operational Independence

Security of Humanitarian Personnel

Military & Civil Defense Assets

MCDA comprises relief personnel, equipment, supplies and services provided by foreign military and civil defence organisations for International Disaster Relief Assistance (IDRA, enumerated in paragraph 61 of Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions of 1949)

TimeTime

Need for Need for AssistanceAssistance

InternationalInternational Military and Civil Defence Assets Military and Civil Defence Assets

International Civilian ReliefInternational Civilian Relief

Local/National ResponseLocal/National Response

MCDA is a “Last Resort”

General Principles on the General Principles on the Use of MCDAUse of MCDA

UN Requests for MCDA made by RC/HCUN Requests for MCDA made by RC/HC Decision to accept MCDA made by Decision to accept MCDA made by

humanitarian organizationshumanitarian organizations MCDA requested when there is no civilian MCDA requested when there is no civilian

alternativealternative Unique in nature or timeliness – “Last Unique in nature or timeliness – “Last

Resort”Resort” Humanitarian operation must retain civilian Humanitarian operation must retain civilian

nature and controlnature and control Humanitarian work performed by Humanitarian work performed by

humanitarian organizationshumanitarian organizations

Military respect for codes of conduct, Military respect for codes of conduct, humanitarian principles, and IHLhumanitarian principles, and IHL

Avoid large scale involvement of military Avoid large scale involvement of military in direct assistancein direct assistance

Use of MCDA should be limited in time Use of MCDA should be limited in time and scaleand scale Clearly defined exit strategy and Clearly defined exit strategy and

transition plantransition plan Avoid reliance on military assetsAvoid reliance on military assets

General Principles on General Principles on the Use of MCDAthe Use of MCDA

Direct Assistance – Face-to face Direct Assistance – Face-to face distribution of goods and servicesdistribution of goods and services

Indirect Assistance – At least one step Indirect Assistance – At least one step removed from the populationremoved from the population

Infrastructure Support – General Infrastructure Support – General services that facilitates relief, but are services that facilitates relief, but are not necessarily visible to or solely for not necessarily visible to or solely for the benefit of the affected populationthe benefit of the affected population

Hierarchy of Hierarchy of Humanitarian TasksHumanitarian Tasks

Assessing the Civil Assessing the Civil Military EnvironmentMilitary Environment

Inventory of civil-military actors, Inventory of civil-military actors, military missions, and mandatesmilitary missions, and mandates Identification of available assetsIdentification of available assets

Analysis of civil-military relationsAnalysis of civil-military relations Effect on humanitarian principlesEffect on humanitarian principles

Assessment of civil-military coordination Assessment of civil-military coordination structures and mechanismsstructures and mechanisms

CMCoord Interaction CMCoord Interaction OptionsOptions

CollocationCollocation Civilian and military are located together in Civilian and military are located together in

same building/coordination centresame building/coordination centre Liaison ExchangeLiaison Exchange Liaison VisitsLiaison Visits

Formal visits are planned at different levelsFormal visits are planned at different levels InterlocutorInterlocutor

Civilian and Military co-exist Civilian and Military co-exist Exchange info through formalExchange info through formal

and established channelsand established channels

CMCoord ResourcesCMCoord Resources UNDAC Field HandbookUNDAC Field Handbook

UN OCHA Civil Military Coordination UN OCHA Civil Military Coordination SectionSection cmcs@un.orgcmcs@un.org http://ochaonline.un.org/cmcs

UN CMCoord TrainingUN CMCoord Training UN CMCoord Training CourseUN CMCoord Training Course UN CMCoord Staff CourseUN CMCoord Staff Course UN CMCoord IMPACT – Distance UN CMCoord IMPACT – Distance

Learning ToolLearning Tool

UN CMCoord Deployment RosterUN CMCoord Deployment Roster