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Disaster Disaster managementmanagement

B.V.L.Narayana / SPTMB.V.L.Narayana / SPTM

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Definition --disasterDefinition --disaster

Disaster is a sudden, calamitous Disaster is a sudden, calamitous event bringing great damage, event bringing great damage, loss, and destruction and loss, and destruction and devastation to life and property.devastation to life and property.

Losses exceed the ability of Losses exceed the ability of affected to cope with it using its affected to cope with it using its own resourcesown resources

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DM act 2005 --definesDM act 2005 --defines

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Definitions—Disaster/ Definitions—Disaster/ emergency management emergency management As the discipline of dealing with As the discipline of dealing with

and avoiding risks (Wikipedia)and avoiding risks (Wikipedia) InvolvesInvolves

Preparing for disasterPreparing for disaster

Disaster responseDisaster response

Supporting and rebuilding post Supporting and rebuilding post disasterdisaster

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DM act definesDM act defines

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Disaster managementDisaster management

Is a continuous processIs a continuous process Managed at all levels— interlinkedManaged at all levels— interlinked

IndividualIndividual Groups Groups CommunitiesCommunities

Actions based on risk perceptionActions based on risk perception Integration of plans – government/ Integration of plans – government/

privateprivate

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Disaster managementDisaster management

Commonly responsibility with Commonly responsibility with governmentgovernment

Replaced civil defense activitiesReplaced civil defense activities Emphasis more on preventionEmphasis more on prevention

Called disaster risk reductionCalled disaster risk reduction Focus on preparedness, mitigationFocus on preparedness, mitigation

Covers both war and peace timesCovers both war and peace times

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Disaster managementDisaster management

In IndiaIn India Apex body- NDMAApex body- NDMA EMRI – improve community EMRI – improve community

preparednesspreparedness DM Act 2005DM Act 2005 UNDP funded disaster risk UNDP funded disaster risk

management programmemanagement programme National disaster management National disaster management

frameworkframework

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Role of Ministry of RailwaysRole of Ministry of Railways

Part of nodal agencyPart of nodal agency Manage all disastersManage all disasters

Creation and capacity building Creation and capacity building of state level agenciesof state level agencies

Training and capacity building of Training and capacity building of railway officers and staffrailway officers and staff

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Characteristics of disasterCharacteristics of disaster

UnpredictabilityUnpredictability UnfamiliarityUnfamiliarity SpeedSpeed UrgencyUrgency UncertaintyUncertainty ThreatThreat

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Types of disastersTypes of disasters

Major natural disasters:  

•   Flood• Cyclone• Drought

• Earthquake

Minor natural disasters: • Cold wave

• Thunderstorms• Heat waves• Mud slides

• Storm

Major manmade disaster:

1. Setting of fires 2. Epidemic

3. Deforestation 4. Pollution due to

prawn cultivation 5. Chemical pollution.

6. Wars  

Minor manmade disaster:• Road / train accidents,

riots• Food poisoning

• Industrial disaster/ crisis• Environmental pollution

    

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Associated termsAssociated terms

Risk: Risk: Risk is a measure of the expected losses due to a Risk is a measure of the expected losses due to a

hazardous event . The level of risk depends on:hazardous event . The level of risk depends on: Nature of the HazardNature of the Hazard Vulnerability of the elements which are affectedVulnerability of the elements which are affected Economic value of those elementsEconomic value of those elements

Vulnerability:Vulnerability: Predisposition of a community, structure, service, Predisposition of a community, structure, service,

and/or geographic area to damage on account of their and/or geographic area to damage on account of their nature, construction and proximity to hazardous nature, construction and proximity to hazardous terrain or a disaster prone area”terrain or a disaster prone area”

Hazards:Hazards: ““Phenomena that pose a threat to people, structures, Phenomena that pose a threat to people, structures,

or economic assets and which may cause a disaster. or economic assets and which may cause a disaster.

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Disaster risk management Disaster risk management programmeprogramme

Goal Goal ““Sustainable Reduction in Sustainable Reduction in

Natural Disaster Risk”Natural Disaster Risk” ObjectivesObjectives

Awareness Awareness capacity building at all levelscapacity building at all levels PreparednessPreparedness Creation of knowledgeCreation of knowledge

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Cycle of disaster managementCycle of disaster management

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Terminology Terminology

MitigationMitigation Prevention of hazards developing Prevention of hazards developing

into disastersinto disasters Reduce effects of disastersReduce effects of disasters Focuses on long term measuresFocuses on long term measures Is part of recovery processIs part of recovery process Actions Actions

structural – use technologystructural – use technology Non structural –legislationNon structural –legislation

Most cost effectiveMost cost effective Necessitates identification of riskNecessitates identification of risk

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Terminology Terminology

Preparedness Preparedness Prepare action plansPrepare action plans

Communication plansCommunication plans Emergency response teamsEmergency response teams Emergency warning methodsEmergency warning methods Shelters, evacuation plansShelters, evacuation plans Resources inventory buildingResources inventory building Develop trained volunteersDevelop trained volunteers Casualty prediction- helps in Casualty prediction- helps in

evacuationevacuation

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TerminologyTerminology

ResponseResponse Mobilization of Mobilization of

Emergency teamsEmergency teams Core emergency servicesCore emergency services Specialist teamsSpecialist teams

First responders in areaFirst responders in area Search and rescue effortsSearch and rescue efforts

Runs on Runs on principle of unified commandprinciple of unified command Mutual aidMutual aid

Immediate needs are addressedImmediate needs are addressed

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Terminology Terminology

Recovery Recovery Restore affected area to previous Restore affected area to previous

statestate Rebuild , employ and repairRebuild , employ and repair ““window of opportunity” for window of opportunity” for

implementing harsh measures of implementing harsh measures of mitigationmitigation

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Golden hour Golden hour

Critical for saving lives of trauma Critical for saving lives of trauma and shock affected peopleand shock affected people

Begins from occurrence of Begins from occurrence of disasterdisaster

Arrange for rescue and giving Arrange for rescue and giving life saving measureslife saving measures Stoppage of bleedingStoppage of bleeding Shock managementShock management

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Management of Golden hourManagement of Golden hour

Require integrated planRequire integrated plan with state disaster management with state disaster management

unitsunits Trained rescue teamsTrained rescue teams Access to tools and equipment at Access to tools and equipment at

sitesite Swift evacuation measuresSwift evacuation measures

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Management of disastersManagement of disasters

Implementation of disaster Implementation of disaster management planmanagement plan Single command team at control Single command team at control

centre- planning, monitoring, centre- planning, monitoring, resource mobilization, liaisonresource mobilization, liaison

At site team- rescue and At site team- rescue and evacuation, flow of information, evacuation, flow of information, recovery at siterecovery at site

Management of communication- Management of communication- separate teams at site and control, separate teams at site and control, flow of reliable, verified information flow of reliable, verified information to public at largeto public at large

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