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Hazard Any phenomenon that has the potential to cause disruption or

damage to people and their environment. For example, an earthquake can cause a tsunami. Disaster Natural disasters are slightly different. They are the effects of

natural hazards on humanity. For example, the tsunami in Indonesia caused a great amount

of loss of property and more importantly lives.

Natural disaster Man-made disaster Floods Accidents Cyclones Pollution Landslides Fire Earth-quakes Tsunami Avalanches Volcanic eruptions

A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land.Causes Snow melt, Heavy rain, The failure of a dam, An earthquake induced tsunami, Accumulation of sediments in river or channel, Clearing of forest for agriculture.

Effects People loss their houses and properties. Crops and livestock has been damaged Causes widespread contamination and posing serious

threat to human health.

Flood management Restore wetlands Build walls Divert the excess water Build check dams on small streams River networking Flood plains can be used for recreational areas, parks

and wildlife habitats. Afforestation

Cyclones form over warm waters in the tropical regions of the oceans

A low air pressure presses against the ocean which needs to be at least 26.5 degrees Celsius.

The ocean temperature and air pressure push moisture up and form clouds. The clouds start to rotate faster and faster creating a tunnel of clouds.

Depending on its location and strength, a tropical cyclone is referred to by names such as hurricane or typhoon.

Effects Causes damage to human life and their properties Slow down the developmental activities of the area.

Weather forecasting Radar system Effect of cyclone can be reduced by

1. planting more trees2. construction of dams,3. windbreaks4. dykes5. embankments

The movement of earthy material from higher region to lower region due to gravitation pull

Causes Rain Movement of heavy vehicles Due to earth quakes, cyclones Erosion Underground caves and mining

Effects Blocks the road Soil erosion increases Damage the houses, crops and livestock.Landslide management• Improve cultivation in the sloppy region• Concrete support made at the base of sloppy region• Unloading the upper part of the slope• Develop benches to reduce the steepness of the• slope

An earthquake is a sudden vibration caused on the earth surface due to sudden release of tremendous amount of energy in the rocks under the earth.

Occurrence Tectonic plates move along their boundaries. Due to friction stress develops on the rocksCauses Volcanic eruptions Underground nuclear testing Decrease of underground water level

Effects Landslide may occur Destruction of buildings Deformation of ground surface May cause tsunamiManagement Wooden houses Seismologist analyze and indicate the possibility of

occurrence