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Unit IV: Disaster management

• Meaning and concept of disaster management

_ Phases of disaster management – Steps and

brief description only _ Prevention and

preparedness for Flood, Land slide, Fire and

Earthquake’s

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Scope

• Disasters are as old as Mankind. Disaster is a sudden,

calamitous event bringing great damage, loss, and

destruction and devastation to life and property.

Introduction

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Introduction

Etymology

Originated from Greek

dus = bad aster = star

Calamity due to position of a planet or a star.

Then evolved in Italian as disastro,

To become French désastre (de.zastʁ).

& then disaster .

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Definition

Disaster -

Any occurrence that causes damage, ecological

disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of health

and health services on a scale, sufficient to warrant an

extraordinary response from outside the affected

community or area. (WHO)

A disaster can be defined as an occurrence either nature

or man made that causes human suffering and creates

human needs that victim cannot alleviate without

assistance.

(American Red Cross)

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C l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f D i s a s t e r s

Natural

Disasters

Meteorological

Topographical

Environmental

Man made

Disasters

Technological

Industrial

Warfare

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Meteorological

Disasters

• Floods

• Tsunami

• Cyclone

• Hurricane

• Typhoon

• Snow storm

• Blizzard

• Hail storm

Topographical

Disasters

• Earthquake

• Volcanic

Eruptions

• Landslides

and

Avalanches

• Asteroids

• Limnic

eruptions

Environmental

Disasters

• Global

warming

• El Niño-

Southern

Oscillation

• Ozone

depletion-

UVB

Radiation

• Solar flare

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Technological

• Transport

failure

• Public place

failure

• Fire

Industrial

• Chemical

spills

• Radioactive

spills

Warfare

• War

• Terrorism

• Internal

conflicts

• Civil unrest

• CBRNE

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Disaster Management

The body of policy and administrative decisions

and operational activities that pertain to various stages

of a disaster at all levels.

An applied science which seeks, by systemic

observation and analysis of disasters, to improve

measures relating to prevention, emergency response,

recovery and mitigation.

Encompasses all aspects of planning for, and

responding to disasters, including both pre and post

disaster activities.

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Disaster Management

A continuous and integrated process ofplanning, organizing, coordinating and implementingmeasures which are necessary or expedient for-

● Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster.● Reduction of risk of any disaster or its severity or

consequences.● Capacity-building.● Preparedness to deal with any disaster.● Prompt response to any threatening disaster situation

or disaster.● Assessing the severity or magnitude of effects of any

disaster.● Evacuation, rescue and relief.● Rehabilitation and reconstruction.

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• Development of public education programme

• Co-ordination with media

• National & international relations

• Keeping stock of foods, drug and other

essential commodities.

Contd….

Indian Meteorological department (IMD) plays a key role in

forewarning the disaster of cyclone-storms by detection tracing. It has 5

centres in Kolkata, Bhubaneswar, Vishakapatanam, Chennai & Mumbai. In

addition there are 31 special observation posts setup a long the east coast of

India.

The International Agencies which provides humanitarian

assistance to the disaster strike areas are United Nation agencies.

Office for the co-ordination of Humanitarian Affair (OCHA)

World Health Organization (WHO)

UNICEF

World Food Programme (WFP)

Food & Agricultural Organisation (FAD)

Non Governmental Organizations • Co-Operative American Relief Every where (CARE)

• International committee of Red cross

PHASES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT

Disaster Preparedness

Disaster Impact

Disaster Response

Disaster Recovery

Disaster Mitigation 13

Disaster Preparedness

Disaster preparedness - is ongoing multisectoral activity.

Integral part of the national system responsible for

developing plans and programmes for

disaster management,

prevention,

mitigation,

response,

rehabilitation and

reconstruction.

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Disaster Preparedness

Co-ordination of a variety of sectors to carry out-

Evaluation of the risk.

Adopt standards and regulations.

Organize communication and response mechanism.

Ensure all resources- ready and easily mobilized.

Develop public education programmes.

Coordinate information with news media.

Disaster simulation exercises.

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Disaster Response

Immediate reaction to disaster as the disaster is

anticipated, or soon after it begins in order to assess

the needs, reduce the suffering, limit the spread and

consequences of the disaster, open up the way to

rehabilitation.

By-

Mass evacuation

Search and rescue

Emergency medical services

Securing food and water

Maintenance of Law & Order

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9Disaster Impact & Response

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Consequences of Disaster

Health -

Physical – Entanglement, Injuries, Disabilities,

Coma ,Death.

Psychological- Cognitive, Behavioral, Social.

Structural Damage – to variable extent.

Ecological- Changes in eco system.

Economical-Financial losses.

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Symptoms after disaster

Physiological Symptoms

• Fatigue

• Shock symptoms

• Profuse sweating

• Fine motor tremors

• Chills

• Teeth grinding

• Muscle aches

• Dizziness

Cognitive Symptoms

• Memory loss

• Distractibility

• Reduced attention span

• Decision making difficulties

• Calculation difficulties

• Confusing trivial with major issues

Emotional Symptoms

• Anxiety

• Feeling overwhelmed

• Grief

• Identification with victims

• Depression

• Anticipation of harm to self or others

• Irritability

Behavioral Symptoms

• Insomnia

• Substance abuse

• Gallows humor

• Gait change

• Ritualistic behavior

• Hyper vigilance

• Unwillingness to leave scene

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Mitigation

Prevention of hazards developing into disasters

Reduce effects of disasters

Permanent reduction of risk of a disaster, to limit , impact on human suffering and economic assets

Natural hazards are inevitable, reduce vulnerability.

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Disaster Mitigation

VULNERABILITY PROFILE OF INDIA

Asian region is most disaster prone region with 60%

of the major natural disasters of world.

India is vulnerable in varying degrees to a large

number of natural as well as man-made disasters.

• 12 % land is prone to floods and river erosion.

• 58 % landmass is prone to earthquakes.

• 5,700 km coastline is prone to cyclones and tsunamis.

• 68% cultivable area is vulnerable to drought.

• Hilly areas are at risk from landslides and avalanches.

• Further, the vulnerability to Nuclear, Biological and

Chemical (NBC) disasters and terrorism has also increased.

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Prevention and preparedness for Flood,

Land slide, Fire and Earthquake’s

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MOCK DRILLS

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