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The above information would serve as key inputs for the meeting and will also be useful to shape the future course of action. We look forward to a rich exchange of suggestions that will help Sphere and its partners move ahead on this agenda. Thanks and Regards Responses were received, with thanks, from 1. R. Ramachandran, AICOP, Cuddalore, Tamilnadu 2. Tukaram Khandade, Institute of Health Management Research (IHMR), Jaipur 3. Rudra Prasanna Rath, State Child Health Resource Centre, Orissa 4. Daman Dev Sood, Continuity and Resilience Nehru Place 5. Abhinav Walia, Risk and Emergency Management student, Italy 6. Saravanan Janakiraman, DHAN Foundation, Chennai 7. Aruna Gajbhiye, Tirpude College of Social Work, Nagpur 8. Shriji Kurup, Centre for Environment Education (CEE), Karaikal 9. Ravi Nitesh, Mission Bhartiyam, Lucknow 10. BR Satheesh, Independent Consultant, Tamilnadu 11. Jyotiraj Patra, Concern Worldwide, Bhubaneswar 12. Shikha Shabdita, Hindustan Construction Company Ltd, Mumbai 13. Durga Prasad Mohapatra, Urban Risk Reduction Project- UNDP, Meerut 14. Annie George, BEDROC, Nagapattinam 15. OM Prakash Kansal , BD (Becton Dickinson) India, Gurgaon, Haryana 16. Sreeja S. Nair, National Institute of Disaster Management, New Delhi 17. Murali Kunduru, Plan India, Visakapatnam 18. Swati Mitra, Independent Disaster Professional, New Delhi 19. Yogendra Nanoskar, Divisional Warden, Civil Defence, Mumbai 20. Himadri Maitra, Department Of Disaster Management, Kolkota

Further contributions are welcome! Summary of Responses Comparative Experiences Related Resources Responses in Full Summary of Responses Disaster management concerns not only distribution of relief at the moment of a crisis but also Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) which requires concerted efforts in advance to prepare for disasters and mitigate their negative impacts. Recognizing corporate sector as an important stakeholder which can supplement the government’ and Civil Society Organizations’ (CSOs) disaster management efforts, Sphere India is working towards developing a common platform to initiate dialogue and exchange ideas on strengthening the scope of work on various aspects of Disaster Management. This query focusing on role of corporate sector in Disaster Management, received a surge of comprehensive and educative responses from members. They applauded the initiative by Sphere India and felt that this was most timely.

Corporate sector engagement in and contribution to disaster risk reduction (DRR) efforts and initiatives has significantly increased in recent times. Going beyond the notion and practice of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) many corporates have taken the lead in this through pro-active engagement and innovation. This was quite evident during the Third Session of the Global Platform Disaster Risk Reduction, May 2011 where private businesses reconfirmed their commitments to and sustained support for DRR actions through the Call for Action: Five Essentials for Businesses in Disaster Risk Reduction. UNISDR’s Private Sector Advisory Group facilitates this process at the global level. To begin with, members suggested integrating Disaster Risk Reduction into Corporate Operations and projects. It’s in a way ensuring safety or tackling risk generated by the companies themselves. This is particularly important in Industrial Zones; SEZs, Ports, Oil Rigs etc. This is also useful to address "safe development" in the overall context. At the micro level, members felt having a Corporate / Company Response or Preparedness Plan can be useful to streamline Corporate’ roles and contribution to address disaster management needs close to their geographical area of operation and for stakeholders connected to the company. Participants opined that Corporate Sector Engagement in Disaster Risk Management is a continuous process. They noted the following areas of engagement: • Industries Compliance of Regulations: Corporate should comply with the national

legislations i.e. the Site clearances, EIA, Safety standards codes etc. • Minimise Risk: Companies can take necessary measures to reduce risks. Can generate

awareness amongst the community besides the workers and provide necessary inputs for the preparation of offsite plans and DDMPs to the district administration.

• Long term risk reduction: Companies can support the society by investing on welfare programmes which can help in improving the quality of life, environment and hence can help in reducing vulnerability.

• During disasters companies can support each other e.g. Mutual Aid Response Group (MARG) or can spare resources for relief operations.

Further, members noted that Micro-insurance is an effective market-linked risk transfer instrument and stressed on greater institutional innovation through multi-level partnerships among stakeholders as one the possible frameworks which would address this. Adequate policy and legislative instruments of the Government of India related to disaster management and obligations of insures to larger social and rural sector, they mentioned are the primary building blocks in this direction. In Tamilnadu, Disaster Risk Insurance Products were designed by a insurance company for the Coastal Communities. Further, members quoted a study by Rockefeller Foundation and Intellecap, which identifies following nine key sectors for private sector engagement in Urban Climate Change Resilience Building (UCCRB): • Micro-insurance • Healthcare • Water and sanitation • Water management • Affordable Housing • Off-grid energy • Microfinance and • Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Participants also discussed ways in which company efforts can be best channeled during Disaster Response. They opined that if corporates are well-equipped for disaster relief and

rescue operations and have trained human resource, they can get involved directly for relief and rescue in a well-integrated manner with the local governance and communities. In absence of equipment and trained human resource they can channelize their resources through the CSO that is actually involved in rescue and relief. Also corporates can play an important role by deploying a structured Business Continuity Management (BCM) Program. An interesting experience from HCC was shared where the company follows two processes, namely: • In case of disasters in the near vicinity of project sites, the company immediately initiates the

relief work under the leadership of the EE trained engineers, eg, Sikkim Earthquake 2011,Leh Flash Floods 2010,Orissa Floods 2008, J&K Earthquake 2005 etc

• In case of disasters elsewhere in India or in other countries, the trained engineers are deployed to the affected area to support Humanitarian agencies working on the mandate of Public Health Engineering. eg- Bihar Floods 2008, Bangladesh Cyclone 2007 .

Apart from these, members shared the following roles during disasters: • Providing food from canteens; • Providing office vans, buses for evacuation etc; • Organizing sanitation units and safe drinking water; • Using the IT systems, to facilitate effective communication among agencies and for affective

communities; • Providing shelter home, water and food immediately from their employees mess. • Helping in managing the relief camp; • Supporting relief through communication system available within the companies; • Using companies’ trained personnel in disaster response for evacuation; • Helping manage resources in coordination with the district authorities and other active

players.

Members not only suggested CSR activities during response phase but also elaborated on Corporates role during post disaster rehabilitation and recovery phase. Participants felt that the role of corporates in disaster recovery/rehabilitation phase is vital. They can and should play a significant role in establishing necessary forward linkages (particularly market linkages at interstate and inter district level) through value additions on the products that emerges out from the disaster communities. They can also play an effective role on proper technology transfer for improving the livelihoods of the affected community. Apart from these, following were suggested: • Participating in the rehabilitation activities such as providing tools to clear trees, debris; • Using Company’ civil experts to support community in designing safe houses by using the

locally available material; • Bringing in external expertise for resource planning and resource utilization in post disaster; • Supporting recovery attempts through livelihood resurrection; Under Disaster Risk Reduction projects /activities, participants recommended the following: • Training youth in the skills that can be useful for the company, so they can get employment

locally; • Helping in identifying vulnerability and associated risks through mapping; • Helping in bringing low cost technology for DRR; • Installing radiation-detection equipment in scrapyard market or in the patrolling police

vehicles patrolling; • Ensuring a green belt around the industry; Under corporates role in Disaster Preparedness, members categorically mentioned the importance of corporate engagement in school safety and First aid training programmes. They

felt that CSR activities must initiate disaster Management Education programmes at the school level, as well as pre- disaster education can generate awareness and a culture of safety among children who at that age develop attitude towards life ad shape behavior. Also through CSR First aid training programme students and community can be trained as first responders. In Mumbai, a corporate organises training to build the capacity of personnel within the group and of other Corporates to respond to emergencies. Other initiatives members suggested were: • Supporting initiatives on mutual insurance at the community level; • Establishing endowments specifically for disaster management at the gras roots - community

institutions; • Collating best practices across community and CSO's during relief / recovery and making it

available in a public domain for wider knowledge dissemination; • Helping in planning advance logistic requirement; • Planning mock drills and strengthening community capacity through training and exposure

can ensure putting SoP in place; • Reserving a fund for Disaster Relief activities which can be use after any disaster happens to

help the victims; • Identifying volunteers among staff and training them to carry out relief activities in cade of a

disaster; • Launching scholarships for research projects on disaster; Participants highlighted various activities that can be carried out by corporates for their staff. In Mumbai, a corporate conducts Company-wide awareness and emergency management plan to respond to emergency situations. In Uttar Pradesh, another company organizes mockdrills for staff. Some activities as highlighted by members are: • Having a well-documented plan for disaster management for the company including timely

audits; • Engaging staff through Disaster Management clubs and organizing awareness generation

activities; • Educating staff on Do’s and Dont’s of the concern disasters and distributing related

knowledge material; • Ensuring safety of the office premises by installing proper fire extinguishers etc; Discussants made interesting observation that, during the Gujarat Earthquake in 2000, many corporates came forward using their resources and mobalised heavy machinery, distribution of relief materials etc., however, compare this to the Tsunami of 2004 and the corporate presence on field was relatively low. This variation in degree of involvement by corporate for different disasters and geographic areas might be interesting to observe and study. It could give insights for a commonly agreed corporate policy which harmonizes the response mechanism among the companies, avoids duplication and ensures better coordination with Government agencies and NGOs. Identifying pre-defined roles for the corporate sector to plug in during moments of crisis would be very useful. Respondents highlighted that there are no specific guidelines or rules for Corporate to contribute to disaster management activities, and therefore it’s only on a volunteer basis. They recommended advocating for CSR allocations exclusively earmarked for disaster management related activities. These activities can be reflected in the district and village level DM Plans. Community members shared important experience/cases citing how companies have contributed to Disaster Management Activities. In United States, a private equity company continued to provide a seamless and robust service to customers despite disruption during incidents of flooding and volcanic ash. In Bihar, Hindustan Construction Corporation responds to floods. In West Bengal, a leading global corporate in the field of technology and innovation constructed multi-purpose cyclone shelters.

In addition, discussants suggested having a District level/ State Level/ National Level mapping of Corporates willing to join, say, a network anchored by Sphere. This could be on the lines of a donor agency network. A certain amount of funds is promised by each member corporate annually which will be available for immediate relief activities when requested by Sphere or a body constituted for this within the Sphere framework. This would save enormous time in responding to immediate requirements. Finally members felt that using CSR as an entry point, this collaborative initiative of Sphere India and Partners in Change (PiC) can mobilize private sector engagement in DRR and further facilitate participation and contribution of humanitarian and development agencies and community-based organizations (CBOs) which in turn would institutionalize multi-level partnerships. Comparative Experiences Bihar Hindustan Construction Corporation responds to floods (from Shikha Shabdita, Hindustan Construction Company Ltd, Mumbai) In Bihar floods, HHC worked on Safe Drinking Water and Sanitation. 10 HCC engineers, trained under training from various project sites were deployed to Bihar for the flood relief work. Along with constructing water storage tanks and toilets, they generated awareness for villages to prevent water borne and vector disease. In Orissa Floods, they provided food, medicines, temporary shelter, and drinking water along with providing lighting tower in the temporary shelters for flood victims. Read more From Jyotiraj Patra, Concern Worldwide, Bhubaneswar West Bengal Building cyclone shelters, Sundarbans In partnership with a national NGO, one of the leading global corporates in the field of technology and innovation, constructed multi-purpose cyclone shelters (hardware) in the vulnerable regions of the Sunderbans, West Bengal and simultaneously strengthen communities’ capacities for disaster preparedness and effective emergency response (software). Tamil Nadu Disaster Risk Insurance Product for the Coastal Communities CARE India along with Bajaj Alliance designed a disaster risk insurance product for the coastal communities of Tamil Nadu. Insurance was offered for household belongings as well as for the housing apart from other covers. In November 2008, thousands of families lost their homes and belongings. Bajaj Allianz paid around Rs. 4.85 crores in claims settelments which is nearly ten times the amount it had collected in premiums. Uttar Pradesh Companies organizing mockdrills for staff, Noida, Uttar Pradesh (from Abhinav Walia, Risk and Emergency Management student, Italy)

At RMSI Pvt ltd, mock drills to prepare staff for any kind of disasters is a regular exercise and organisation has actively contributed in emergency situations through supporting the Disaster affected population in terms of providing cloths etc in coordination with other NGOs. United States Business Continuity Management, (from Daman Dev Sood, Continuity and Resilience Nehru Place) A private equity company continued to provide a seamless and robust service to customers despite disruption during incidents of flooding and volcanic ash. By putting a formal business continuity management system in place, the company is now able to prioritise activities should a crisis occur and is confident that in that situation the organisation will be able to continue and provide a seamless service to its customers. Multiple Locations From Shikha Shabdita, Hindustan Construction Company Ltd, Mumbai Company-wide awareness and emergency management plan to respond to emergency situations HCC project sites are located at remote locations and each site has a specific Emergency Preparedness plan. The plan creates a matrix of various disasters / emergencies and marks the probability of natural or man-made disaster occurring at each site. Posters on Emergency Response and Do’s and Don’ts of each disaster situation are put up at site and in the vicinity to create awareness among the community to deal with disasters. The existing On Site Indicative Emergency Preparedness Plan is continuously reviewed. Training for Disaster Preparedness and Response- First Responder Training HCC carries out sensitization programs with the objective of imparting basic knowledge on life saving skills till medical help arrives. HCC project sites are located at remote locations which can be disaster prone. Therefore, the company conducts First Responder Training at all its sites and in communities as well. The First Aid training is conducted by experts in English, Hindi and other regional languages, depending on the mix of the people. First responder training is mandatory for all employees including the workers at each project site to deal with any disaster or accident effectively, till medical help arrives. Engineering in Emergencies (EE) Training This is an extensive advance level 7 day residential training for select young and dynamic engineers of the company. This core of company volunteers can be sent to support relief and rehabilitation anywhere at the time of disaster. Approximately, 95 engineers have been trained out of which 66 are HCC engineers. Manhours spent on EE training by HCC engineers is 3696 hours. The training is conducted by RedR India and the training module is designed on the Sphere standards for emergency relief work and global standards for humanitarian response emphasizing Environmental/Public Health Triangle composed of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene promotion, Shelter and Settlement. Related Resources

Recommended Documentation

Disaster Risk Management and Role of Corporate Sector (from Shriji Kurup, Centre for Environment Education (CEE), Karaikal and From Jyotiraj Patra, Concern Worldwide, Bhubaneswar) Handbook; by Confederation of Indian Industry and Government of India; New Delhi; Available at http://www.ndmindia.nic.in/WCDRDOCS/DRM%20&%20The%20role%20of%20Corporate%20Sector.pdf (PDF 134 KB)

Handbook highlights the role of corporate sector in disaster management activities in the Indian perspective.

From Jyotiraj Patra, Concern Worldwide, Bhubaneswar Opportunities for Private Sector Engagement in Climate Change Resilience Building Paper; Rockefeller Foundation and Intellecap; Available at http://www.intellecap.com/assets/84/Private_Sector_Engagement_in_UCCRB_-_Final.pdf (Pdf 233 KB)

Identifies nine key sectors for private sector engagement in Urban Climate Change Resilience Building (UCCRB)

HFA progress in Asia Pacific: regional synthesis report 2009-2011 Report; by United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction; Available at http://www.unisdr.org/we/inform/publications/21158

Provide an insight into the Hyogo Framework for Action implementation progress in the Asia-Pacific region since 2005; categorically recommends ‘enhancing the role of private sector

Call for Action: Five Essentials for Businesses in Disaster Risk Reduction News; by United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction; Available at: http://www.unisdr.org/archive/19873

The private businesses reconfirmed their commitments to and sustained support for DRR actions through this Call for Action.

Recommended Organizations and Programmes National Institute of Disaster Management, New Delhi (from Abhinav Walia, Risk and Emergency Management student, Italy) National Institute of Disaster Management, (Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India), 5-B, IIPA Campus, IP Estate, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, New Delhi - 110002 (INDIA); Tel: 011-23702432; Fax: 011-23702442;http://nidm.gov.in/default.asp; Contact: Mr. P G Dhar Chakrabarti; Executive Director; Tel: 011-23702445; ed.nidm@nic.in

Institute involved in human resource development, capacity building, training, research, documentation and policy advocacy in the field of disaster management.

From Jyotiraj Patra, Concern Worldwide, Bhubaneswar ClimateWise, London ClimateWise Secretariat, 51 Gresham Street, London, EC2V 7HQ, UK; http://www.climatewise.org.uk/

ClimateWise is the collaborative insurance initiative through which members aim to work together to respond to the myriad risks and opportunities of climate change.

The Geneva Association, Geneva

53 Route de Malagnou - CH-1208 Geneva; secretariat@genevaassociation.org - Phone +41-22-707 66 00 - Fax +41-22-736 75 http://www.genevaassociation.org/

The Geneva Association is the leading international insurance think tank for strategically important insurance and risk management issues.

Munich Climate Insurance Initiative, Germany Institute of Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), United Nations University, UN Campus Hermann-Ehlers-Str. 10, Postal Code, City: 53113 BONN; http://www.climate-insurance.org/front_content.php?idcat=876

Intents on finding solutions to the risks posed by climate change; provides a forum and gathering place for insurance-related expertise applied to climate change issues.

Bajaj Allianz Life Insurance Company Ltd, Maharashtra GE Plaza, Airport Road, Yerawada, Pune 411006; Tel: 91-020-66026777; Fax: 91-020-66026789; life@bajajallianz.co.in; http://www.bajajallianz.com/Corp/index.jsp

Private insurance company, partnered with CARE India and developed products for the Tsunami affected districts in Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh

CARE India, New Delhi 27 Hauz Khas Village, New Delhi - 110 016; Tel: 91-11-26566060; Fax: 91-11-26564081 contactus@careindia.org; http://www.careindia.org/

Post 2004 Tsunami, CARE initiated the development of affordable insurance policies for small-scale farmers and fishers

Hindustan Construction Company, Mumbai (Shikha Shabdita, Hindustan Construction Company Ltd, Mumbai) Hindustan Construction Co. Ltd. Hincon House, LBS Marg, Vikhroli (W) Mumbai – 400083; Tel: +91 22 25775959; Fax: +91 22 25775732; corpcomm@hccindia.com;

As an engineering and construction Company, HCC has the relevant resources and is well equipped to handle calamities and disasters and has worked in Bihar floods.

Recommended Portals and Information Bases From Daman Dev Sood, Continuity and Resilience, Nehru Place Business Continuity Institute, Singapore http://www.thebci.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=131&Itemid=193 ;

CCoonnttaaiinnss rriicchh BBuussiinneessss CCoonnttiinnuuiittyy MMaannaaggeemmeenntt ((BBCCMM)) rreessoouurrcceess iinncclluuddiinngg AAddvviiccee NNootteess//GGuuiiddeess;; BBCCMM ccaann bbee sseeeenn aass aann iimmppoorrttaanntt rroollee ooff ccoorrppoorraatteess dduurriinngg ddiissaasstteerrss

Talking Business Continuity http://www.talkingbusinesscontinuity.com/bs25999-implementation-case-studies.aspx ;

CCoonnttaaiinnss rriicchh BBuussiinneessss CCoonnttiinnuuiittyy MMaannaaggeemmeenntt ((BBCCMM)) rreessoouurrcceess iinncclluuddiinngg AAddvviiccee NNootteess//GGuuiiddeess;; BBCCMM ccaann bbee sseeeenn aass aann iimmppoorrttaanntt rroollee ooff ccoorrppoorraatteess dduurriinngg ddiissaasstteerrss

Recommended Upcoming Events Global BC Awareness Week (BCSAW 2012), Caversham, UK, 19th-23rd March 2012 (from Daman Dev Sood, Continuity and Resilience, Nehru Place)

Business Continuity Institute (BCI)l; ContactLee Glendon CBCI, the BCI’s Head of Research & Advocacy: lee.glendon@thebci.org

Free, global, week-long educational initiative to help firms effectively manage a crisis in today’s complex and uncertain world.

National Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction (NPDRR), New Delhi, 25-26 April (from From Jyotiraj Patra, Concern Worldwide, Bhubaneswar) Sponsored by National Institute of Disaster Management, Email: npdrr.india@gmail.com; Website: http://nidm.gov.in/npdrr

An appropriate institutional arrangement which would facilitate multi-stakeholder engagements around DRR issues in the country; has focus on Corporate Social Responsibility and Role of NGOs in Disaster Management

Responses in Full R. Ramachandran, AICOP, Cuddalore, Tamilnadu The corporate sector can do many things in Disaster response. • DURING DISASTER: they can provide food immediately from their canteens, they can use

their trained personals in disaster/risk management in evacuation, relief camp management. they can provide their vans, buses for evacuation, can provide the sanitation and safe drinking water,

• AFTER THE DISASTER: They can participate in the rehabilitation activities like providing

tools to clear trees, debris. Can help the community to design their risk reduced housing by using the locally available material by utilizing the company's civil experts, and can train youths in the skill, in later they could useful for the companies.

Hope this is helpful. Tukaram Khandade, Institute of Health Management Research (IHMR), Jaipur What are the ways in which company efforts can be best channeled during Disaster Response? One way by which the response of the company can be best channeled is by having a insurance, of the resources that will be used in a disaster management activity. There are two companies in this scenario: The first one is the insurer, which insures other company's resources than may be used in disaster management activity. Second one is the company which will actually work on the ground. The company can voluntarily come forward and tell the government, that it will look after a certain disaster management activities, under its CSR head. By this way the second company will not duplicate efforts, as the first insurance company is covering the same. Thanks and Regards Rudra Prasanna Rath, State Child Health Resource Centre, Orissa It is largely seen that disaster management has been large been considered as a relief distribution activity by most of the corporate agencies. However, DRR has been integrated in CSR activities off late. However we need to act more proactively. Corporate sector can:

• Help in identifying vulnerability and associated risks through mapping

• Help in planning advance logistic requirement • Help in distributing relief • Help in bringing low cost technology for DRR • Can bring in external expertise for resource planning and resource utilization in post

disaster • Can support recovery attempts through livelihood resurrection • Can plan mock drills and strengthening community capacity through training and

exposure 8.can ensure putting SoP in place Daman Dev Sood, Continuity and Resilience Nehru Place My quick and short input is that the corporates deploy a structured BCM Program (preferably woven around the standard BS 25999). Some of the case studies are available at : http://www.talkingbusinesscontinuity.com/bs25999-implementation-case-studies.aspx and http://www.thebci.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=131&Itemid=193 The week of March 19th – 23rd is Global BC Awareness Week (BCSAW 2012) and we are planning many events. Anyone interested to have an Awareness Event in their organisation may get in touch with us – we will take up the responsibility of managing the same. With warm regards Abhinav Walia, Risk and Emergency Management student, Italy Below mentioned are some Pre and Post DM activities which Corporate Sector can incorporate. • Each corporate should follow the National Building codes for the disaster safe construction. • Can open Disaster Management club in the offices and organize awareness generation

activities i.e group discussion, disaster games, quizzes, play disaster awareness films on projectors

• Each corporate need to develop or arrange Do’s and Dont’s of the concern disasters and distribute to all employees and it can be available in the District DM office.

• Provide Disaster Management Trainings to the employees which are available at NIDM and other Institutions.

• Fire extinguisher should be placed in each office on appropriate places and everyone should know how to use it.

• Mock drills can be organize in the offices especially for Fire and Earthquakes. • Every office can reserve a fund for Disaster Relief activities which can be use after any

disaster happens to help the victims. • Corporate can identify the volunteers inside the periphery for the relief activities in

coordination with the Govt., NGOs etc. • All corporate organization can develop a system like IDRN where all the resources and

trained man-power can be registered and be used during the time of any disaster. • Once the corporate persons get trained in DM, they can also help their communities in case

of any Disaster. • Corporate people can provide all the basic necessity items for Disaster relief i.e Drinking

water/ food/cloths etc but with the coordination. I worked with RMSI Pvt. Ltd. NOIDA where Mock Drill is a regular exercise and organisation also help the Disaster affected peoples in terms of providing cloths etc in coordination with other NGOs. Hope information is useful.

Saravanan Janakiraman, DHAN Foundation, Chennai The role of corporates during disaster relief can be:

• if well-equipped in disaster relief and rescue operations and also have the necessary man power can get involved directly in relief and rescue operations well integrated with the local governance and communities.

• if not equipped nor with trained man power can channelize their resources through the CSO that is actually involved in rescue and relief.

The role of corporates in disaster recovery is vital. They can and should play a significant role in establishing necessary forward linkages (particularly market linkages at interstate and inter district level) through value additions on the products that emerges out from the disaster communities. They can also play an effective role on proper technology transfer for improving the livelihoods of the affected community. The role of corporates in post disaster period can be:

• supporting initiatives on mutual insurance at the community level. • establishing endowments specifically for disaster management at the gras roots -

community institutions. • collating best practices across community and CSO's during relief / recovery and making

it available in a public domain for wider knowledge dissemination. Aruna Gajbhiye, Tirpude College of Social Work, Nagpur Very Important Query and very good responses too, thanks to all. I feel CSR should initiate disaster Management Education programmes at the school level, as well as at community level. Pre- disaster education can generate awareness and a culture of safety among children who at that age develop attitude towards life ad shape behavior. For disaster preparedness we required all these, we cannot depend on the syllabus of the schools. I am doing research on it and results are not promising. Therefore, serious and practical approach is required to inculcate disaster resilience culture. CSR can initiate safe school projects. Second thing I would like to suggest, through CSR First aid training programme can be initiated at school as well as at community level,after disaster many people received sever injuries sometimes lifelong impairment due to Mal-handling during the transportation of patients and not due to disaster event so that is a great requirement to train the local people in the first aid or first responder, and some paramedics can be train as a trauma life support system which are less in number in our country. Shriji Kurup, Centre for Environment Education (CEE), Karaikal Companies can play a very timely role in moments of Disaster Relief and Recovery stages. The Gujarat Earthquake in 2000 saw corporates coming forward using their resources for mobilizing heavy machinery, distribution of relief materials etc. and at one stage declaring their intention of "adopting" villages for recovery and rehabilitation. However, compare this to the Tsunami of 2004 and the corporate presence on field was relatively low. There could be various reasons, perhaps their contribution may not be as much in the limelight.

This variation in degree of involvement by corporate for different disasters and geographic areas might be interesting to observe and study. It could give insights for a commonly agreed corporate policy which harmonizes the response mechanism among the companies, avoids duplication and ensures better coordination with Government agencies and NGOs. Identifying pre-defined roles for the corporate sector to plug in during moments of crisis would be very useful. The handbook "Disaster Risk Management and Role of Corporate Sector" http://www.ndmindia.nic.in/WCDRDOCS/DRM%20&%20The%20role%20of%20Corporate%20Sector.pdf is a useful reference to explore the roles and context. Imagine if the tsunami had triggered off an oil spill by damaging an oil rig or a chemical debris from a damaged petrochemical hub; it would have been one of the worst industrial disasters and companies would have a direct role to play in the response and rehabilitation. Perhaps they might be the only ones to have the equipment and technology to deal with the situation. Can we look at such scenarios and perceive the role of corporate in disaster response. I think the point of discussion for Disaster Management in Corporate sector can begin with Integrating Disaster Risk Reduction into Corporate Operations and projects. Its in a way ensuring safety or tackling risk generated by the companies themselves in the first place. This is particularly important in Industrial Zones; SEZs, Ports, Oil Rigs etc. This is also useful to address "safe development" in the overall context. At the mciro level, having a Corporate / Company Response or Preparedness Plan would be useful to streamline their roles and contribution to address disaster management needs close to their geographical area of operation and stakeholders connected to the company. Ravi Nitesh, Mission Bhartiyam, Lucknow It is true that corporate sector can help in many ways during disasters and post disasters. Disaster risk reduction is an important concept to understand by this sector and corporate themselves can decide their role in DRR. My views are:

• A company first of all itself must have a well-documented plan for disaster management in company itself, it includes timely audit by inspection agencies because many companies are following sick norms in their operation without proper protection and it is because of lack in documented policies whereas if disaster takes place due to any fault in company's operation, it may affect large number of people. (for example Bhopal gas leak)

• Company itself should have emergency relief and action plan with role and responsibilities of personals alongwith back up plans.

• Company may provide support to other agencies in case of disaster, through its resources. For example: Fire cylinders, expert personals, vehicles etc can be given. For example, i remember that during an event in Delhi, Metro agreed to give its support in case of fire because delhi has many metro stations and fall these are well equipped with fire extinguishers and fire fighting facilities.

• Corporate sector may provide free training to some people for better handling fire fighting equipment.

• Corporate can launch initiatives under its CSR to educate school children about disaster preparedness and employees may take part voluntary on these initiatives.

• Under its CSR policy, corporate can launch scholarship for research projects on disaster. • Under its CSR policy, corporate can help for installation of alarming systems etc. • Through continuous research, corporate may get portable alarming systems and can

distribute it in disaster affected zones.

• Corporate may help in sending mass messages to public. Customers through its server in case of any warning of disaster.

• Corporate may provide help in various other needs during disasters such as their fund support, employment, medical treatment etc.

BR Satheesh, Independent Consultant, Tamilnadu At the outset, I congratulate Ms. Jaya Jha for bringing out this issue in this forum, It is very relevant to rope in the Corporate sector in pre and post disaster management activities. I would like to bring to the attention of the members that the response by the corporate sector is voluntary and there is no specific guidelines/ rules for Corporate to contribute to disaster management activities, even though you say the corporate can be roped in as a part of CSR initiatives, none of the corporate will be binding to contribute towards the disaster management issues unless the Government makes it mandatory. I hope the NGOS, INGOs and UN agencies to advocate in the right forums, the need of making the corporate world as a part of disaster management activities under the CSR initiatives. A part of , say about 20% of the CSR allocation should be exclusively earmarked for disaster management related activities either pre or post management activities depending on the expertise and resources the corporate are having. The third and fourth tier of DM Plans (District and Village/ Panchayath level) DM plans to identify the corporate in the particular locality to be identified and assigned specific role in the disaster management activities. For example, A petrochemical or a refinery in a particular locality will have trained manpower for search and rescue operation with their own equipment. they can also be used for the conducting of mock drills also, where as a service industry ( IT, BPO sector) can be used to contribute volunteers and financial resource for the disaster management activities. I hope members in this forum will agree upon my point of view. Jyotiraj Patra, Concern Worldwide , Bhubaneswar Corporate sector engagement in and contribution to disaster risk reduction (DRR) efforts and initiatives has significantly increased in recent times. Going beyond the notion and practice of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) many corporates have taken the lead in this through pro-active engagement and innovation. This was quite evident during the Third Session of the Global Platform Disaster Risk Reduction (May 2011) where private businesses reconfirmed their commitments to and sustained support for DRR actions through the Call for Action: Five Essentials for Businesses in Disaster Risk Reduction. UNISDR’s Private Sector Advisory Group facilitates this process at the global level. (http://www.unisdr.org/archive/19873) Additionally, members of four leading insurance climate change initiatives (ClimateWise, The Geneva Association, the Munich Climate Insurance Initiative MCII and the United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative (UNEP - FI) have collectively extended their support for and engagement in various adaptation measures initiated by respective governments and other stakeholders in developing countries.

A study by Rockefeller Foundation and Intellecap identifies following nine key sectors for private sector engagement in Urban Climate Change Resilience Building (UCCRB): • Micro-insurance • Healthcare • Water and sanitation • Water management • Affordable Housing • Off-grid energy • Microfinance and • Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

(Available at http://www.intellecap.com/assets/84/Private_Sector_Engagement_in_UCCRB_-_Final.pdf) Concern Worldwide, a non-governmental, international, humanitarian organization, has been supported by the Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection department (ECHO) through its Disaster Preparedness programme (DIPECHO) to facilitate the implementation of the a project ‘Building Disaster Resilience of Vulnerable Communities in Orissa and West Bengal’ under the Sixth DIPECHO Action Plan for South Asia. Approaches to disaster risk reduction and resilience building have been through a series of holistic, integrated, multi-level and appropriate strategies at the community, school and individual level. Micro-insurance, an effective market-linked risk transfer instrument has been the focus of one of the result areas. Our initial attempt has been to understand the insurance/microinsurance demand among the vulnerable communities through participatory Demand Survey and to systematically map the availability of micro-insurance products and schemes through a Scoping Study. Initial findings from an integrated analysis of this research categorically highlight the existing gaps in the overall micro-insurance continuum, from supply to meaningful uptake by the intended beneficiaries. Greater institutional innovation through multi-level partnerships among stakeholders has been identified as one the plausible frameworks which would address and bridge some of the gaps. Adequate policy and legislative instruments of the Government of India related to disaster management and obligations of insures to larger social and rural sector are the primary building blocks in this direction. Insurers, both public and private have been facilitating the implementing of some of the social security schemes of the Government of India like the Rashtriya Swastha Bima Yojna (RSBY) and Aam Admi Bima Yojna (AABY). We need to further build on this momentum. We have also been supported by the United Technologies Corporation (UTC), one of the leading global corporates in the field of technology and innovation, to construct multi-purpose cyclone shelters (hardware) in the vulnerable regions of the Sunderbans (West Bengal) and simultaneously strengthen communities’ capacities for disaster preparedness and effective emergency response (software). A joint initiative of CARE and Allianz has come out with an innovative micro-insurance programme as part of the larger social safety net and this in turn has contributed to disaster risk reduction among poor and vulnerable coastal communities in the Tsunami affected regions in Tamil Nadu. This initiative has been instrumental in forging long-term partnership between an international humanitarian agency and one of the leading private global insurers. https://www.allianz.com/en/press/news_dossiers/microfinance/news6.html Using CSR as an entry point, this collaborative initiative of Sphere India and Partners in Change (PiC) could mobilize private sector engagement in DRR and further facilitate participation and contribution of humanitarian and development agencies and community-based organizations (CBOs) which in turn would institutionalize multi-level partnerships. The Regional Synthesis of HFA Progress in Asia Pacific (2009-2011) categorically recommends ‘enhancing the role of private sector’. A joint report of the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), Government of

India and the Confederation of India Industry (CII) to understand the role of corporate sector in disaster risk management (DRM) explores the Indian perspective at length. Government of India’s recent initiative, the National Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction (NPDRR), is an appropriate institutional arrangement which would facilitate multi-stakeholder engagements around DRR issues in the country. Our experiences in emergency response and disaster preparedness among the poor and vulnerable communities categorically highlight the urgency to contextualize and operationalize such multi-stakeholder partnerships, including private sector engagement, at the local level. Shikha Shabdita, Hindustan Construction Company Ltd, Mumbai First of all, I would like to appreciate Sphere India for taking this initiative of bringing together, members of for-profit and not-for-profit organizations to discuss the common interests in addressing DRR. Since 1926 , Hindustan Construction Company Ltd. (HCC) is a leader in Engineering and Construction, Real Estate, Infrastructure Development and Integrated Urban Development and Management. HCC is executing some of India’s most important and challenging infrastructure projects today. Projects across India bear HCC’s hallmark of world-class innovation – from roads and expressways to tunnels, bridges, dams and barrages. The Company strongly believes in Corporate Stewardship. The Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) team works closely with key communities in which the Company operates. Acting on the philosophy, “Do Good to Do well and Do Well to Do Good”, the CSR team undertakes initiatives that are broadly categorized as HIV/AIDS Awareness, Disaster Relief, Education and Water and Sanitation and Community Development. Disaster Relief is one of the most important mandates of HCC’s CSR. HCC’s vision is to build on the core strengths and existing capacity of the organization ie Engineering, Project Management Capabilities and availability of relevant resources & well equipped to handle emergencies through trained engineers & workers, heavy equipments and communication hardware needed for disaster response, evacuation and reconstruction. • Ways in which company efforts can be best channeled during Disaster Response? HCC founding member of DRN: HCC is one of the founding members of the DRN. The Disaster Resource Network (DRN) is a global network of engineering and construction companies that have come together to provide engineering and construction expertise for relief work during and after natural disasters and crises. The DRN was established in November 2002 in the aftermath of the 2001 Gujarat earthquake by the engineering and construction industry members of the World Economic Forum. HCC Chairman and Managing Director, Ajit Gulabchand currently serves on the DRN’s board of directors and is the Chairman of DRN India. DRN India has two areas of operation – providing training and increasing the capacity of the E&C community to respond to disaster situations, and creating an organizational structure and emergency management plan to respond to emergency situations. Below is the link which is the soft copy of the work done by the Global Disaster Resource Partnership of which DRN India is the local network.http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_EN_DisasterResourcePartnership_Report_2010.pdf HCC is member of UNISDR’s Disaster Risk Reduction-Private Sector Partnerships (DRR-PSP) Working group and Mr. Ajit Gulabchand is on the Private Sector Advisory Group. To more details. http://www.unisdr.org/partners/private-sector

• What kind of Disaster Risk Reduction projects /activities can be carried out as CSR activities

1. Company wide awareness and emergency management plan to respond to emergency situations

HCC project sites are located at remote locations and each site has a specific Emergency Preparedness plan. The plan creates a matrix of various disasters / emergencies and marks the probability of natural or man-made disaster occurring at each site. Posters on Emergency Response and Do’s and Don’ts of each disaster situation are put up at site and in the vicinity to create awareness among the community to deal with disasters. The existing On Site Indicative Emergency Preparedness Plan is continuously reviewed.

2. Capacity Building: Providing training to build the capacity of personnel within the group and of other Corporates to respond to emergencies.

Training for Disaster Preparedness and Response 2 (A) First Responder Training: This is a sensitization program with the objective of imparting basic knowledge on life saving skills till medical help arrives. HCC project sites are located at remote locations which can be disaster prone. Therefore, the company conducts First Responder Training at all its sites and in communities as well. The First Aid training is conducted by experts in English, Hindi and other regional languages, depending on the mix of the people. First responder training is mandatory for all employees including the workers at each project site to deal with any disaster or accident effectively, till medical help arrives.

2 (B) Engineering in Emergencies (EE) Training: This is an extensive advance level 7 day residential training for select young and dynamic engineers of the company. This core of company volunteers can be sent to support relief and rehabilitation anywhere at the time of disaster. Approximately, 95 engineers have been trained out of which 66 are HCC engineers. Manhours spent on EE training by HCC engineers is 3696 hours. The training is conducted by RedR India which is a part of the RedR International network, a humanitarian, non-profit organization, that maintains a register of experienced humanitarian professionals available to assist governments and external support agencies working in the humanitarian sector. The training module is designed on the Sphere standards for emergency relief work and global standards for humanitarian response emphasizing Environmental/Public Health Triangle composed of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene promotion, Shelter and Settlement. All the sessions are planned and conducted by senior professionals in the humanitarian sector who have been a part of national and international disaster response and rescue missions.

• Are there any experience/cases of similar partnerships between companies / CSOs? Disaster Relief Operations undertaken by HCC The EE trained engineers are a specially equipped resource available to respond in the areas of water, sanitation, Shelter and hygiene promotion during emergencies. Through DRN India, HCC has supported relief work in different types of disasters both at National and International Level like Tsunami (2004), Mumbai Floods (2005), Andhra Pradesh Floods (2005), Hurricane Katrina, USA (2005), Jammu & Kashmir Earthquake (2005), Sidr Cyclone (2007) in Bangladesh, Bihar Floods (2008) and Orissa Floods (2008),Leh Flash Floods (2010),Sikkim Earthquake 2011. The company follows two processes. • In case of disasters in the near vicinity of project sites, the company immediately initiates the

relief work under the leadership of the EE trained engineers, r eg, Sikkim Earthquake 2011,Leh Flash Floods 2010,Orissa Floods 2008 ,J&K Earthquake 2005 etc

• In case of disasters elsewhere in India or in other countries, the trained engineers are deployed to the affected area to support Humanitarian agencies working on the mandate of Public Health Engineering. eg- Bihar Floods 2008,Bangladesh Cyclone 2007 .

I am sharing here a case study on HCC’s support in Leh Flash Floods 2010. (click here- ftp://ftp.solutionexchange.net.in/public/drm/cr/res02021201.doc) I would also be happy to share more case studies on the relief work undertaken by HCC. Durga Prasad Mohapatra, Urban Risk Reduction Project- UNDP, Meerut Q- What are the ways in which company efforts can be best channeled during Disaster Response? In Preparedness and response: • Companies can provide shelter home, water and food immediately from their employees

mess. • The managerial positions can manage the relief camp. • To test the District Disaster Emergency plan (Off-site/on-site Emergency plan). • To evaluate the performance and inviting suggestions for further modifications and

strengthening the plan. • To find out the effective communication system available within the companies. • To find out the alertness and response time of trained personnel in search and rescue,

fire fighting. • Companies can use their trained personnel in disaster response for evacuation. • Some of the companies have transportation facility like matador, bus, car, truck which

can facilitate in response. • Can also provide safe drinking water and machinery available with the company. • Companies can be partner in the rehabilitation activities like providing tools to clear trees,

debris. • Can help the community to design their risk reduced housing by using the locally

available material by utilizing the company's civil experts and technics of safe building. • Can train youths in the skill, in later they could useful for the companies. • To find out the clarity in role & responsibility. • To Educate and create awareness among the citizens. Q- What kind of Disaster Risk Reduction projects /activities can be carried out as CSR activities • After the incident of Mayapuri radiation in Delhi, No radiation-detection equipment has

been placed in the scrapyard market or in the police vehicles patrolling the area. Similar efforts can be taken by group of shopkeepers, Market association or from Narayana industrial area for preventing next incident.

• In some of the cities like Ahmadabad companies are taking responsibility of 10 km radius for greenery similarly preparedness, awareness and response of disaster under social responsibility can be carried out as CSR activities.

• Companies usually are good in fund mobilizing and can create disaster mitigation fund for preparedness and response activities.

Q- Are there any experience/cases of similar partnerships between companies / CSOs? Tata-Tiscon partnership with Govt. of India-UNDP Disaster Risk Management in construction of seismic specific demonstration units is successful in cities and training of masons and contractors was good experience for the district administration under the partnership.

Annie George, BEDROC, Nagapattinam This is a very timely action from Sphere-India and all Kudos to them. I agree with all the points brought out by Sriji and other Colleagues. The recent Thane Cyclone has brought out the main constraint faced by NGOs in facing such calamities- the lack of funds to take immediate action, at the very least, for immediate relief activities. One key area where CSR could be utilised is for immediate relief activities like clearing of debris, making available the heavy duty machines etc. I was also wondering if we can have a District level/ State Level/ National Level mapping of Corporates willing to join, say, a network anchored by Sphere. This could be on the lines of a donor agency network. A certain amount of funds is promised by each member corporate annually which will be available for immediate relief activities when requested by Sphere or a body constituted for this within the Sphere framework. This would save enormous time in responding to immediate requirements. While I agree that this is the role of the State Governments, there are occasions when the Administration is unable to concurrently deal with all issues related to a devastation and there is a delay. But the communities suffer due to this delay. I am not ruling out the involvement of the Corporates in other recovery and rehabilitation efforts, but I feel there is a pressing need to ensure ready money for relief activities. One, of course, has to be careful in developing the parameters for the disbursement of these funds to ensure that we use this judiciously. Hope this makes sense. With warm regards, OM Prakash Kansal, BD (Becton Dickinson) India, Gurgaon, Haryana I have rich experience of working in Bihar in 2007 and 2008 floods as I represented UNICEF Bihar that time. Later on I have undertaken training courses in coordination with many partners for the disaster. Based on my experience, I would like to share the following: • Managing the resources is a key challenge. Everyone wants to work during the disaster and

work in not so dangerous areas. Additionally, everyone wants to take a lead or get recognized irrespective of the scale of their contribution. It is also important that the minimal resources are put to the optimum use without duplication and pilferage. Corporates, by virtue of their managerial skills could help in this front.

• Now is the era of results based management. Unfortunately, the lead in Disaster

management--the government bodies--are not able to practise the Results based management due to either lack of knowledge or due to vested interests of their bosses or politicians. Corporates could also smartly roll out the relief packages and measure the real time results.

• A corporate house had approached state disaster management in Bihar for setting up communication links and a software for tracking the relief processes. Such things could again be replicated.

• Coprorate hospitals--chain of hospitals could help by offering to get surveillance

systems established and collect, transport and analyse samples of infected cases as per need in their nearest laboratory for many not so common ailments. I have seen that in the field, such systems are lacking and it takes long paper work and funds for the existing health departments channels to pace up the diagnosis and identify probable epidemics, even in disasters and in the presence of numerous facilitating guidelines.

Pre requisites for the Corporates to be engaged in disaster I have not heard of any training plan where key corporates have been invited for training and drills on disaster plans. How many of them the NDMA and new acts is also not clear. As and when we move ahead in our process of engagement with corporates, I think, the pre designated focal points should be invited for regular ToTs who in turn sensitize their teams thru emails or brief sessions. Hope this helps. Sreeja S. Nair, National Institute of Disaster Management, New Delhi Corporate Sector Engagement in Disaster Risk Management should be a continuous process. For example • Industries Compliance of Regulations: Corporate should make comply the national

legislations i.e. the Site clearances, EIA, Safety standards codes etc. • Minimise Risk: Companies should make sure that they are taking all the necessary measures

to reduce risks. Should generate awareness amongst the community besides the workers. Necessary inputs shall be provided for the preparation of offsite plans and DDMPs to the district administration.

• Long term risk reduction: Companies can support the society by investing on welfare programmes which can help in improving the quality of life, environment and hence can help in reducing vulnerability.

• During disasters companies can support each other e.g. Mutual Aid Response Group (MARG) or can spare resources for relief operations.

Murali Kunduru, Plan India, Visakapatnam No single group or organization can address every aspect of DRR or Disaster Management. DRR thinking sees disasters as complex problems demanding a collective response. Co-ordination even in conventional emergency management is difficult, for many different organisations may converge on a disaster area to assist. Across the broader spectrum of DRR, the relationships between different types of organizations and between different sectors (public, private, profit and non-profit, as well as communities) become much more extensive and complex. DRR requires strong vertical and horizontal linkages. In terms of involving civil society organisations, it should mean thinking broadly about which types of organisation to involve (i.e. not just conventional NGOs but also such organisations as corporate, profit making companies, trades unions, religious institutions, universities and research institutions Swati Mitra, Independent Disaster Professional, New Delhi

It is interesting to know that Sphere India is taking keen interest regarding "role of corporate sector in Disaster Management". To your query: • I had developed a "Multi-sectoral model" that precisely involves the corporate sector for

being involved in Disaster Management and how it can be done in partnership with UN Agencies, Government, INGO's, NGO's and finally percolate down to the community. It is a win-win situation for all. This model was presented at Davos,2008. This is in google (Dr.Swati Mitra, PPP, Davos,2008) Maybe this would be helpful. This was also implemented by Lockheed Martin, in India- part of the model was implemented as well.

• It is beneficial that while we seek partnership with corporates- we have to connect to there core business and our requirements so that business continuity remains. For example: if we ask a car making corporate to provide us with search & rescue equipment it doesn’t suit their interest, so we got to identify what is it that they can be of help to us and vice-versa.

• CSR of any organisation is isolated from rest of the organisation, it is important to create awareness as to how we could integrate them with the rest of the organisation.

Yogendra Nanoskar, Divisional Warden, Civil Defence, Mumbai Congratulations for taking this issue for discussion. It is fact that Government has its own limitation in providing resources to people for disaster preparation. and the industries are many times can be reason for disaster due to its production or machinery handling. Hence my suggestions are as follows. • The industries should be brought under DM Act 2005 for disaster management provisions. • In Maharashtra Civil Defence units have Industry units where training is provided by Civil

Defence to the employees of the Co. Such type of system should be developed. • Corporates must prepare a DM plan considering the surrounding locality and should form

training groups of these civilians and conduct Mock drills with them periodically. This will help the industry also.

• The factories in the industrial belt MUST form Mutual Aid group same as MARG in Mahul area of Mumbai, which will form a CO-ORDINATION between them and help the community also.

• The Corporates should some amount of preparation, such as forming groups of people around the Co. and provide some instruments such as Firefighting or First Aid kits to them for preparation.

Industries must prepare themselves to minimise the effect of damage. They should step forward to help themselves and to community. Himadri Maitra, Department Of Disaster Management, Kolkota Disaster Management planning process is a strategic planning process, which is said to be a second generation planning process. Corporate sector is used to strategic planning process and they successfully implement this to reach their goal. There are some very well-known pundits among them who relentlessly upgrading the knowledge in that field. My interest is, if the Disaster Management process be updated with their inputs. Many thanks to all who contributed to this query!

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