Disaster Imran

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14. Home & Building Fires

Fire is the fourth largest accidental killer in United States. In a fire disaster, a patron is more likely to die

out of suffocation instead of getting burnt to death. Fire victims seldom see the flames. Fire depletes the

oxygen in the air, thereby increasing the concentration of deadly carbon monoxide in the atmosphere.Inhaling carbon monoxide causes a loss of consciousness or death within minutes.

Accidental fire and explosion can strike anywhere. Fire fatalities tend to be distributed according topopulation density, that is, those states with the largest populations tend also to have the greatest number

of fire fatalities. Over 80 percent of all fire deaths occur where people sleep, such as in homes or hotels.

Most fires occur when people are less likely to be alert, such as between midnight and morning. Eighty-four percent of house and building fires are accidental, such as those caused by poor electrical wiring or

careless behavior. However, 16% are set intentionally through arson or acts of terrorism.

Cause of Home Fire Death

Cause Percentage of DeathsSmoking 26%

Incendiary or suspicious 16%

Heating 14%

Child playing 10%

Electrical distribution 10%

Cooking 8%

All other causes 16%

1986-1990 Annual Average

Source: National Fire Protection Association

15. Transport Accidents

Disaster type term used to describe technological transport accidents involving mechanised modes of

transport. It comprises of four disaster subsets: accidents involving air, boat, rail transport and accidents

involving motor vehicles on roads and tracks.Aviation, Rail, Road & Shipping

EU-2

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Lithuania

Poland

Romania

Bulgaria

Greece

Latvia

Slovenia

CzechRepublic

Cyprus

Slovakia

Hungary

Estonia

Belgium

Portugal

Austria

Italy

Denmark

Luxembourg

Spain

France

Finland

Ireland

Germany

Sweden

UnitedKingdom

Netherlands

Malta

0

25

50

75

100125

150

Figure 1: People k illed in road accide

(persons killed per million inhabitan


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15.

Total Passengers Others

Total 1,428 37 36 1,353

Collisions (excluding level-crossing accidents) 10 0 4 6

Derailments 32 0 2 30

Accidents involving level-cros sings 433 2 5 426

Accidents to pe rsons caused by rolling stock in m otion 942 34 23 883

Fire in rolling stock 0 0 0 0Others 11 1 2 8

Source: Eurostat (online data code: rail_ac_catvict)

Railway

employees

Spain

Slovakia

Italy

Netherlands

France

UnitedKingdom

Germany

Ireland

Greece

Portugal

Estonia

Latvia

Belgium

Bulgaria

CzechRepublic

Denmark

Cyprus

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Hungary

Malta

Austria

Poland

Romania

Slovenia

Finland

Sweden

Turkey

Croatia

Iceland

Norway

Switzerland

0

5

10

15

20

25

50

55

60

Figure 2: Air transport accidents - num ber of fatalities, annual average 2007-2009 (1)

Table : Rail accidents - num ber of fatalities , by type of victi1

(number of persons)
http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch16322/


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16. Energy Scarcity

Non-renewable energy sources, do, as their name suggests, run out. Apart from their impact on global

warming, they are finite. Based on the data we have today, we can predict the moment they are actuallyexhausted. Putting a date on these energy sources underscores the world's need for true sustainable

energy sources.

Natural Gas (in cubic meters)

Total world reserves Jan. 1st 2010 171514266542404

World usage per second: 92653

Estimated date of exhaustion: 09:25 Sep 12, 2068

Oil (in barrels)


World usage per second 986

Estimated date of exhaustion 20:58 Oct 22, 2047

Coal (in metric tonnes)


World usage per second 203

Estimated date of exhaustion 20:05 May 19, 2140

Uranium (in metric tonnes U-235)


World usage per second 0.0000042222017

Estimated date of exhaustion 23:12 Nov 28, 2144

17. Terrorism

People who go through or witness violent events such as school shootings, combat, rape, torture

etc can be termed as terrorist victims. It is also a disaster as along with deaths & casualties, theyimbue the victims a traumatic stress. Some, however, are repeatedly exposed to life or death

situations in their work, such as rescue workers, police officers, fire fighters and military

personnel. Understanding the effects of Terrorism and the normal responses that may follow these

abnormal events can help you cope with your thoughts and feelings on the path to recovery.


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But there are things we can do to prepare for terrorism disasters just like there are ways we can prepare

for other disasters such as earthquakes and floods. Ensuring necessary precautions can reassure masses

that there is something that you can do and that you do have some control even in the face of horrible

events. Below is a list of some things to expect in the event of a disaster:

There can be a lot of casualties and/or damage to buildings and utilities There may be heavy law enforcement involvement

Hospitals and mental health resources may be overwhelmed

There may be extensive media coverage-people will be fearful and stressed

Workplaces and schools may be closed and there may be restrictions on travel

People may be asked to evacuate or shelter-in-place


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19. Bridge & Structural Collapses

Structural collapse operations cover a wide range of incident scenarios. These incidents can be as

relatively minor as a deck or porch collapse resulting in easily accessible victims, or as heavilytaxing as a multistory concrete building collapse that entombs hundreds of victims. Regardless ofthe collapse scenario encountered, first responders must be familiar with a variety of safety

hazards and associated issues. Effective rescue operations at a structural collapse will only be

possible if rescuers are fully aware of the hazards involved and the methods necessary to mitigatethose hazards. In order for rescuers to perform at an optimum level of safety, they must be

familiar with:


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Categories of hazards; building construction types and characteristics

Types of collapse voids and likely areas of survivability

Safety equipment

Safety procedures

Safety considerations

Understanding and properly applying these factors is essential if rescuers are to perform rescueoperations safely in a structural collapse.

20. Hazardous Materials Accidents

Hazardous materials are chemical substances, which if released or misused can pose a threat to

the environment or health. These chemicals are used in industry, agriculture, medicine, research,and consumer goods. Hazardous materials come in the form of explosives, flammable and

combustible substances, poisons, and radioactive materials. These substances are most often

released as a result of transportation accidents or because of chemical accidents in plants.

A hazardous materials accident can occur anywhere. Communities located near chemical manufacturing

plants are particularly at risk. However, hazardous materials are transported on our roadways, railways,

and waterways daily, so any area is considered vulnerable to an accident. Between 1982 and 1991, therewere an annual average of 6,774 hazardous materials transportation incidents. In 1991, there were 9,069

transportation incidents that resulted in 10 deaths and 436 injuries. As many as 500,000 products pose

physical or health hazards and can be defined as hazardous chemicals. Each year, over 1,000 newsynthetic chemicals are introduced. Most victims of chemical accidents are injured at home. These

incidents usually result from ignorance or carelessness in using flammable or combustible materials. In

an average city of 100,000 residents, 23.5 tons of toilet bowl cleaner, 13.5 tons of liquid household

cleaners, and 3.5 tons of motor oil are discharged into city drains each month.

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