DISASTERHOW WE CAN REDUCE THE RISK OF IT

By:-

Prashant

Water Science & Management

A.N. College Patna

pratul.nnn@gmail.com

DISASTER An event that causes a lot of harm or damage that is

beyond the coping capacity.

Types of disaster:- i) Natural disaster:- a) Flood

b) Earthquake

c) Drought

d) Cold & hot waves

ii) Manmade disaster:- a) War

b) Arson/ sabotage/riots etc

DISASTER PRONE AREAS IN INDIA

Source:- Compare Infobase Limited

MOST EFFECTED SECTORS IN DISASTER

Water Health Food Infrastructure Education Finance Transport Telecom Defense and law & order Energy

CYCLE OF DISASTER

Before:-

Prevention, Mitigation, Preparedness During:-

Emergency response After:-

Recovery & reconstruction

STEPS REQUIRED TO BE TAKEN BEFORE DISASTER Identification of vulnerable area Establishing control room & monitoring Proper forecasting & advance warning Collection of essential commodities Arrangements of funds

STEPS REQUIRED TO BE TAKEN DURING DISASTER

Immediate safe evacuation Setting for relief camps & protection Handling of relief camps & rescue work Monitoring & reporting Coordination among various agencies

STEPS REQUIRED TO BE TAKEN AFTER DISASTER

Disposal of dead bodies & carcasses Providing medical treatment Cleaning of debris & water Distribution of relief Initiation of reconstruction works

DISASTER HAVE 1(+)VE THING

It brings strong bonding between relationships.

FLOOD

Flood is an unusually high stage in a river, normally the level at which the river overflows its banks and inundates the adjoining area.

Types of flood:- a) Flash flood b) River flood c) Coastal flood

FLOOD PRONE STATES IN INDIA

Source:- www.mapsofindia.com

FLOOD

UTRAKHAND FLOOD 2013

MAIN CAUSES OF FLOOD Heavy rainfall River busting their banks Blocking of river channel Narrowness of river due to silt deposition

Ignorance of navigation in river Change in river course Dam breakdown Deforestation

DAMAGES OCCURRED DUE TO FLOOD

Infrastructure damage Human & cattle loss Crop loss Health risk Water borne diseases Open defecation contaminated drinking water Communication & transportation breakdown

ACTION TAKEN BEFORE, DURING & AFTER FLOOD

Before:- Construct elevated RCC house, aware about nearest safe place, collect essential commodities, listen to radio or tv for information

During:- Take shelter at high level, Listen warnings carefully, don’t listen & spread rumors, take special care to women, children & older person

After:-Destroy affected food commodities, take medical treatment, help neighbor as possible

HOW WE CAN REDUCE RISK OF FLOOD Construct storage reservoirs & floodways Improvement of channel

i) Widening & deepening of channel

ii) Reduction of channel roughness

iii) Removal of silt Construct home on elevated land & of RCC Identify flood prone areas & regulates the land use

accordingly Flood forecasting & warning should be sufficiently in

advance Flood insurance

DROUGHT

It is a climatic anomaly characterized by deficit supply of moisture due to no rain or less rain than normal over a region for a long period of time.68% land in India is vulnerable to drought.

191 districts out of 543 are severely drought prone.

Year No of effected person

1982 100,000,000

2000 50,000,000

Source:- UNISDR

DROUGHT PRONE STATES OF INDIA

Source:-

CLASSIFICATION OF DROUGHT Metrological drought :- More than 25% decrease in

precipitation from normal. Hydrological drought :- Metrological drought if

prolonged, results in hydrological

drought with marked depletion of

surface water & groundwater. Agricultural drought :- This occurs when the soil

moisture & rainfall are inadequate

during the growing season to support

healthy crop growth to maturity.

CAUSES OF DROUGHT Natural :- Weather changes can alter normal

rainfall pattern. Human induced :- Environment degradation

i) Deforestation

ii) Soil erosion

iii) Excessive use of surface &

groundwater

iv) Global warming

v) Pollution

IMPACT OF DROUGHT Acute shortage of followings:-

i) Water

ii) Food & fodder

iii) Employment Further affecting:-

i) Farmers

ii) Poor families

iii) Women & children

iv) Agricultural productivity

v) Hydropower generation

vi) Economy

HOW WE CAN REDUCE RISK OF DROUGHT

Drought

Metrological

Hydrological

Agricultural

Water cycle imbalance

Reduction of water supply

Reduction of crop yield

1. Cloud seeding

2. Evaporation control

Water harvesting

1. Water harvesting 2.

Change of land use

Impact

Possible mitigation

HOW WE CAN REDUCE RISK OF DROUGHT

Construct community based rain water harvesting structure.

Promoting watershed programs. Increasing forest cover through plantation. Use drought resistance verities of crops. Provide livelihood options beside agriculture

& animal husbandry which are water intensive.

Using alternative crops in drought conditions. Example:- Marua, maize etc.

Community awareness to conserve water

ROAD SAFETY Some important facts:-

In all disaster it comes on 6th in world.

It accounts for 50 millions death/year.

15-29 age group is most affected.

Mostly death in developing countries.

India accounts for about 10% fatalities worldwide.

Social damage cost by it is approx 11,000$.

Mostly road accidents occurred during winter & rainy season.

Source:- World Health Organization

IMPORTANT TIPS USEFUL FOR ROAD SAFETY Don’t use mobile during driving Don’t drink & drive Keep your distance Follow traffic rules Always adhere to speed limits Take special to pedestrians Don’t drive if tired Don’t overtake Wear helmet while driving two wheeler Wear seat belt while driving four wheeler

SOME SYMBOLS USED IN ROAD SAFETY

RECOMMENDATIONS National policy & development planning requires such

steps:- i) Action –oriented values to which individual are committed

ii) Political authorities that favor long term benefits over

immediate economic as well as political gains.

Sustainable development Benefits= Income +Societal change +Environmental impact

Strong (+)ve political will power to help society is necessary for policy maker or politician.

Help the most needy on priority basis. Ex:- Pregnant women, Children, elder persons are most needy in disaster situation.

People should be aware not only about his rights but also about his duties.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Contingency planning of a disaster prone area should be made on basis of:-

Periodicity & history of disaster

Database of that area

Scenario setting

Regular updation by feedback by

different working departments & NGO’s

Resource mapping People should be aware about how to fight

from disaster.

MODEL

1. River channel

2. Mountain

3. Low land

rural area

4. Elevated urban

land

5. Drought prone

area

6. Community

house

1

2

3

4

5

6

We need to make changes for subsequent generations

Thank you…!!!