Disability Studies and Post- Colonialism Slamet Thohari Seminar of Disability Studies.
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Transcript of Disability Studies and Post- Colonialism Slamet Thohari Seminar of Disability Studies.
Disability Studies and Post-Colonialism
Slamet Thohari
Seminar of Disability Studies
Disability theories:
• Medical Talcott Parson
Personal Tragedy Thories
institutionalization
Deviance
institutionalization
New Perspectives at 70th
• is a social problem, or “disability” is caused by social structure and environment, then people become a disabled is due to the social oppression.
• Social Model in UK • Mike Oliver (1983,
1990, 1996) Barnes (1991) dan Vic Finkelstein( 1980; 1981) and other people in UK.)
• Independent Living in Berkeley USA
• David Pfeiffer (Hawaii)
Medical Vs Social Model
Medical Social Model
Post-Colonialism
• Postcolonial theories share “a social, political, and moral concern about the history and legacy of colonialism – how it continues to shape people’s lives, well-being, and life opportunities” (Young, 2001 in Browne, Smye & Varcoe, 2005, p. 19).
• Western power
Euro-centrism
Colonialism
Something Defined
Object of Charity
Something Rationalized
1. Political oppression
2. Economic oppression
3. Social/cultural oppression
4. Psychological oppression
Remains Today
Legacies of Colonialism
New Colonialism?
Postcolonial Theory
1. Destabilizing western Way of Thinking,2. Creating space for the Subaltern or
marginalized groups3. Clearing space from dominant discourse 4. Producing an alternative discourse instead
of the dominant discourse.
Example: Java, Indonesia
Disability is Magical
Javanese society considered person who had a supernatural power and must be respected.
Disability in Java
• Medical brought by the Dutch in 1621. • People with disabilities as “medical
problems”.• Categorized as “abnormal” in 1808.
Colonial Legacies on Disability
• Medical Standards in educations• Medical Standard in Civil Servant• Medical Standard in Politics
Social Pathologies
Department of Social Affairs
The other example
American Legacies
Sickness
Social Pathologies
About 1974 and the Years after
ICIDH ( International Classification of Impairment ,Disability and Health)
Segregated and isolated based on their disabilities
standardization of sign languages
About 1993 into Indonesian today!
• Some of people have been trying to implement the social model and independent living
• Implement “barrier-free environment “
It’s not succeeded
The Theory is Not based on Cultures
Western Biases
Power
Neo- Colonialis
m
Theory
How postcolonial perspective sees people with disabilities ?
• Colonial Legacies complex problems for people with disabilities
• Colonial Policies social context of Europe• Many theories historical context of society • If They are absorbed uncritically with scant reference with
local habits “Colonialism”• There is correlation between the subordination of people
with disabilities in “the third-world” and the power of “western countries”, because many theories adopted in many polices came up with powers
What are we going to do with Post-colonialism in disability studies?
• analyzing phenomena people with disabilities by correlating with colonial legacies
• clearing space for “domination of normalcy”, and “colonial legacies” and western-countries power
• Producing the alternative discourse instead of the dominant discourses