Biomass combustion in fluidized bed boilers: Potential problems and ...
Directory of Industrial Biomass Boilers and Combined Heat and Power
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Directory of Industrial Biomass Boilers and Combined Heat and Power Equipment
Transcript of Directory of Industrial Biomass Boilers and Combined Heat and Power
Directory of IndustrialBiomass Boilersand CombinedHeat and Power Equipment
03 Foreword 04 Introduction06 Boilers and combustion07 Combustion technology 10 Combined heat and power12 Advanced conversion technologies14 At-a-glance manufacturer information16 Company summary table18 Summary table20 Detailed manufacturer information22 UK map24 Directory77 List of UK suppliers
This directory was commissioned by Envirolink Northwest. North Energy Associates Limited compiled the bulk of the information as supplied by the listed manufacturers. Reproduction of content needs the written permission of manufacturers, Envirolink Northwest and/or North Energy Associates Limited.
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Combustion Engineering Association1A Clarke StreetEly Bridge CardiffCF5 5AL
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CO2Sense YorkshireVictoria House2 Victoria PlaceLeedsLS11 5AE
T +44 (0) 113 237 8400
This directory was published in partnership with:
Envirolink NorthwestSpencer House91 Dewhurst RoadBirchwoodWarringtonWA3 7PG
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In the Renewable Energy Strategy, non-domestic biomass has the third greatest contribution to make in the lead scenario technology mix to meeting the 2020 targets, after wind and transport fuels. In the lead scenario for heat alone, where 12% of heat should come from renewables, the largest contribution is from the industrial sector.
This publication originated in Northern England where a strong industrial sector continues to provide a vital contribution to our national economy. These industries consume a large amount of power and heat. Some have already switched to sustainable energy sources helped by a particularly well developed wood and solid recovered fuel supply chain in the North West of England.
DECC is confident that energy generation from sustainable fuels will continueits rapid growth in the industrial sector, and that companies across the UK will reap the rewards.
We welcome the initiative taken by Envirolink Northwest and the other Northern England agencies in producing this publication.
ForewordThe European Union is committed to renewable energydeployment and the UK is playing a major role.
Andrew PerrinsDepartment of Energy and Climate Change
Using this directoryThe entries in the directory are listed in order of manufacturer.Other useful organisations such as UK agents, suppliers or installers are listed under that manufacturer’s entry as appropriate. Where appropriate, a UK example of an installation of that manufacturer’s equipment is given. Some manufacturers have many UK installations of their equipment, others havea number of examples in Europe and few in the UK, while others have many examples in Europe but none in the UK.
The specifications and claims made in each listing are those of the manufacturer or agent. We have no way of validating these and they may be based on using a specific fuel. Validation against the specific circumstances you are considering is vital.
The inclusion of a manufacturer in the directory does not imply that their equipment complies with relevant UK regulations. This is also the case for manufacturers that have installations in the UK. The specific regulatory requirements of any proposed installation must be examined with the manufacturer of the equipment. Many UK suppliers of European equipment can assist with ensuring that any system designs achieve compliance with UK regulations.
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Introduction
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Combustion technologyPrimary combustion air is usually introduced to the fuel bed,or in the case of pulverised fuel, it is mixed with the fuel.This allows the processes of fuel drying, gasification and charcoal combustion to take place. The addition of secondary air then enables the combustible gasses to be burned, usually in a separate combustion zone.
If only dry biomass fuel is to be used, combustion chambers with steel wallscan be used. However, if wet biomass fuel is to be used, combustion chamberswith insulating bricks should be used to act as thermal accumulators to buffer variations in moisture content and combustion temperature. Biomass boilertypes are largely determined by which type of combustion system is requiredfor the fuel.
Combustion systems can be divided in to three main types:
Pulverised fuel combustion2
Fixed bed
Fluidised bed
1 Primary movers generally refer to the engine or plant that providesthe motive force to drive a generator.
2 Sjaak van Loo andJaap Koppejan (2008)The Handbook of Biomass Combustion and Co-firingISBN 9781844072491
Pulverised fuel combustionPulverised fuel such as sawdust and fine shavings can be used by injecting them pneumatically into the combustion system. The primary air is used as the transport air. This type of system usually requires an auxiliary burner to achieve the necessary temperature before the biomass fuel is introduced and the auxiliary burner shut down. It is necessary to maintain the moisture content and maximum particle size of the fuel to ensure optimum performance and minimum emissions. The explosion risk which exists with fine biomass particles requires careful control of the fuel feed. The fuel/air mixture is often injected tangentially into a cylindrical furnace muffle to give a rotational flow, which can be enhanced by recirculationof flue gas to the combustion chamber. Muffle furnaces are well suited to the use of dust and fine wood wastes such as those arising from the chipboard industry.
Boilers and combustionSolid combustible biomass material can be used directly as fuel for boilers, giving a range of outputs. The boilers can be used to heat thermal oil or steam as required. The type of combustion technology employed by these boilers is largely dependent on the form of the fuel used and the scale of the system. Different fuels have different physical properties, requiring a variety of equipment and technologies to handle them. For example, some biomassfuels flow easily and others need mechanical transfer to movethem around.
Boiler output types:
Thermal oilHigher temperatures can be achieved with thermal oil boilers than hot water systems, up to 300ºC. This makes thermal oil boilers suitable for process heat demands. Unlike steam, thermal oil boilers do not require a specially trained and licensed steam boiler operator.
SteamBiomass boilers are available for raising steam. Saturated steam boilers are often used for heat transfer applications, although there are generator prime movers1
that can make use of saturated steam.
Super heated steam boilers that utilise biomass fuel are available and maybe used for electrical power generation.
James Proctor boiler
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Fluidised bed combustionIn fluidised bed combustion systems, fuels are burned in a suspension of hot bed material consisting of sand, ash and additives or similar inert material. The hot sand/inert material effectively dries and ignites even demanding fuels with low heating value and/or high ash content.
Fluidised bed combustion systems have been used widely for large-scale schemes or combustion of municipal and industrial wastes. There are two main fluidised bed technologies: bubbling fluidised bed and circulating fluidised bed.
It should be noted that fluidised bed combustion systems generally require long start times of a few hours. Good combustion efficiency can be achieved due to mixing, which minimises the requirement for excess air. The capital investment and the operating cost are high compared to fixed bed systems and fluidised bed combustion plants are usually only found in large-scale developments.
With bubbling fluidised bed technology, the sand bed bubbles in the lower part of the furnace. The bed is fluidised by the primary air, which is supplied from below at around 1 to 2m/s. The secondary air is introduced through groups of nozzles higher up the sides of the furnace. The combustion zone retains all fuel heat, thus making bubbling fluidised bed combustion well suited to biomass and recycled fuels.
With circulating fluidised bed technology, the fluidising velocity is between5 and 10m/s, and smaller sand particles are used. The bed material flows together with the flue gas through the furnace, after which it is separated from the gasby cyclones and returned to the lower part of the furnace. This technology is optimal for higher heating value fuels, such as drier biomass, recycled fuels, fossil fuelsand co-combustion. The higher turbulence in circulating fluidised bed furnacesleads to better heat transfer and more even temperature distribution in the bed. However, they are usually larger than bubbling fluidised bed systems, and therefore more expensive.
MW power
Fixed bed combustionFixed bed combustion systems can be further sub-divided into the various grate furnace technologies which are available, as well as underfed stokers. The main types are fixed grate, travelling grate, moving grate, rotating grate and vibrating grate.
Fixed grate systems are not well suited to modern, well-controlled biomass combustion systems. Fuel transport through the combustion zone is achieved bythe mechanism of feeding fuel to the boiler and moving the fuel through it.This makes it difficult to achieve high levels of control of the distribution of fuelover the grate. It is usually only applied to small-scale equipment.
A travelling grate consists of grate bars that form a continuous band moving through the combustion chamber. The fuel bed does not move, but rather it is transported through the combustion chamber on the grate. The speed of travelling grate systems can be varied to ensure complete burn out of the fuel. The grate is automatically cleaned of ash and dirt at the end of the combustion chamber, before returning to the start. The grate bars may be cooled by primary air on the way back to prevent overheating and to reduce wear. However, as there is no stoking of the embers, a longer burn out time is required than with other types of grate and it isnot well suited to non-homogenous fuel as no mixing occurs.
A moving grate consists of alternate fixed and movable rows of inclined grate bars. The movable sections are moved forwards and backwards, usually by hydraulic actuators, transporting the fuel along the grate. This leads to good mixing of burned and un-burned fuel. The speed of different grate sections can be controlled independently as required by different stages of the combustion process.Moving grate systems are suitable for a wide variety of fuel types. Primary aircan be used to cool the grate when using wet fuel. Water cooled grates can beused with dry fuels or fuels which have a low ash melting point.
A rotating grate consists of contra-rotating conical grate sections. It is underfed by screw conveyors and supplied with primary air from below. Ash makes its way to the outside edge of the circular grate and falls into a basin beneath the grate. This type of grate ensures good mixing of the un-burnt and burning fuel and is therefore well suited to the use of wet fuels.
In a vibrating grate, primary air is supplied through the fuel from below in an inclined finned tube wall. The vibrations cause the fuel and ash to progress down the inclined grate. This type of grate is used for fuels which have a tendency to form slag as the vibrations prevent the formation of large particles. However, the vibration increases the emission of fly-ash and the fuel and ash transport are difficult to control.
Underfed stokers are also available whereby fuel is fed into the combustionchamber from below, usually by a screw auger. The fuel is usually moved up on toa grate and primary air is supplied through the grate. This technology is relatively low cost and quite reliable.
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GasificationGasification systems are included under the CHP category (see sectionREF_Ref235375789\r\h0 for a description of gasification). Gasification technology can be used to produce synthetic gas that can subsequently be used in a gas engine to cogenerate heat and electrical power. Manufacturers of gas engines are not listed in this directory but those of gasification systems are.
Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) turbines The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) issimilar to the thermodynamic cycle ofa conventional steam turbine except in the choice of fluid that drives the turbine. ORC turbines use an organic fluid as the working medium (rather than water) to produce steam. The working medium can be silicon, hydrocarbon or refrigerant-based fluids depending on the temperature of the available heat source. This allows operation at relatively low temperatures (70oC to 300oC).
ORC technology has been mainly utilised for heat recovery from waste heat streams associated with industrial processes and is also well known in geothermal applications. However, itis now being applied successfully with biomass boilers providing the heat source.
ORC generators are generally available in capacities of around 0.3MWe to 2MWe
and are well suited to part load operation,giving increased flexibility. Efficienciesof around 17% to 18% can be expected, which is usually higher than that ofa steam turbine of comparable size.
Steam turbinesSteam turbines are generally suitablefor electricity or CHP plants using biomass fuel, with an electrical output of greater than around 2MW up to large-scale generation schemes of many megawatts. Steam turbine manufacturers and suppliers are not included in the directory, rather the manufacturers and suppliers of the appropriate boilers have been identified.
Biomass steam boilers are available to suit this range of steam turbine capacities.
Steam turbinesSteam engines (reciprocating and screw type engines) can be used with biomass- fired steam raising boilers to generate heat and power.
Steam screw engines operating ona similar principle to a screw compressor, except as an expansion machinerather than a compression device, are applicable to small-scale power generation. However, this technologyis not common and has not been included in the directory due to thesmall number of examples.
Reciprocating steam piston engines can be used for the cogeneration of heatand power. Steam engines can be operated with low pressure saturated steam and are more tolerant of wet steam and other contaminants than steam turbines. Whilst no UK examples have been found, this technology is well developed in Europe and the main manufacturer of this equipment is included in the directory.
3 CCL is a tax on energy use. The aim of the levy is to encourage consumers to improve energy efficiency,reduce energy useand reduce emissionsof greenhouse gases.
4 ECA is a scheme which allows organisationsto write off the wholeof the capital cost of their investment in qualifying technologies against their taxable profits of the period during which theymake the investment.
Good quality CHP is defined by the quality index (QI) of a scheme as specified by Defra. The QI is a function of the electrical power generation efficiency and the heat production efficiency. The criteria used when calculating the QI is dependent on the technology employed, fuel used and capacity.
Most examples of biomass CHP schemes are currently located in Europe (mainly Austria, Germany, Denmark and Italy). However, there is growing interest in the UK.
CHP is the cogeneration of heat and electrical power. CHP can offer savings in CO2 emissions when compared to separate heat production and electricity generation, due to increased overall efficiency. Electricity is usually generated by thermal processes whereby combustion of a fuel provides the motive power to drive an electrical generator. Such processes generate heat as a by-product. Where a demand for heat co-exists with electricity consumption, the usable waste heat from thermal electricity generation can be utilised.
CHP schemes have successfully been implemented in the hospitality industry, leisure industry, education sector and process industries. Many CHP schemes are fuelled by mains gas, although solid and liquid fuelled systems are also available. Equipment can be selected to utilise renewable forms of fuel, such as solid combustible biomass, although these are currently less common.
The technology employed for the prime mover (required to drive the generator) is generally dependent on the capacity required or fuel to be used. Smaller systems can use stirling engines, steam engines or reciprocating internal combustion engines and large capacity plant often use gas or steam turbines. Other types are available depending on the size and application. The ratio of power to heat varies with the technology used.
Two of the factors which determine the viability of investment in CHP are the relative price of fuel used and the financial value of the electricity generated. The largerthe difference (higher electricity price and lower fuel price) the more favourable are the conditions for operating CHP. It is also important to ensure there is a use foras much of the heat generated as possible. This may depend upon the thermal output of the CHP system. Gas engines, for example, produce a mixture of low grade and high grade heat, but a particular process site may have little or no need for low grade heat, but have a requirement for steam.
Additional benefits of CHP include:
Exemption from the Climate Change Levy (CCL)3 on all fuel inputs to and electricity outputs from “Good Quality CHP” (see below)
Eligibility for Enhanced Capital Allowances (ECA)4 on Good Quality CHP systems
Dedicated biomass fuelled CHP will earn 2 ROCs/MWh from 2009
Combined heat and powerIt is often feasible to utilise biomass in direct combustion processes to provide heat only. This generally requires lesscapital investment than the cogeneration of heat and powerbut does not yield such high overall efficiencies.
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PyrolysisPyrolysis is the thermal decomposition of biomass and occurs when the biomass feedstock is heated in the absence of oxygen. This produces gas (syn-gas), solid (char) and liquid oil (olefin). The gas and oil can be used to fuel an engine, turbineor boiler. The char can be recovered and used as a fuel, or gasified.
Gasification systems generally include a pyrolysis stage. However, systems which are based purely on pyrolysis are being developed. This technology is currently less well developed than gasification although there are some examples of these systems being installed.
Energos plant diagram
GasificationThe use of biomass gasification enables a useful gas to be produced from thebiomass feedstock. The gas, when cleaned, can be used in a reciprocating engineto generate electricity. A further use for the gas can be in direct heating applications as a replacement for other fuels such as oil or natural gas.
The production of gas from biomass, particularly wood, has a long history.The gasification technology was developed in the 1930s and was used extensively during the Second World War to produce a fuel which could be used in motor vehicles.
There are three main types of gasifiers: down-draught gasifiers, up-draught gasifiers and fluidised bed gasifiers. The latter category can further be split into a numberof sub-categories.
Down-draught gasifiers are the most widespread type, and can be used up to sizes of about 2 to 3MW thermal. Various manufacturers use different methods, but overall the principle is as follows. Biomass fuel is introduced at the top of the gasifier, through a pressure lock feeding system. The biomass enters the first zone where it undergoes pyrolysis. It passes through a throat in the gasifier into the combustion (oxidation) zone and then into a reduction zone where the wood-derived gas is taken off.Some ash/char continues to the bottom of the gasifier where it passes througha pressure lock. The gas produced has a low calorific value and high tar content with some entrained ash. The tar and particulates must be removed by a gas cleaning system in order to be used in a gas engine. Some manufacturers have a variation on this system whereby two gas streams are produced; the first is a tar-rich stream which is burnt for heat and the second stream is much cleaner and can be used for power generation. It has been difficult to scale the down-draught gasifier to larger sizes,and so larger installations have a number of modules all producing gas in parallel. However, down-draught gasifiers are now used extensively in small biomass CHP plants.
Up-draught gasifiers are not used much for power applications because of the high tar content of the gas. A typical example is the Bioneer gasifier used in Finland in small district heating schemes.
Fluidised bed gasifiers can be further broken down by operational type. These are generally at a much larger scale. Low pressure circulating fluidised bed gasifiers can be scaled to sizes up to 100MW. Low pressure bubbling fluidised bed gasifiers are more suited to the 15 to 40MW scale. Pressurised fluidised bed gasifiers have promise in integrated combined cycle plants and have been developed in pilot plants. One interesting variation is the fixed and fluidised bed biomass gasification plant developed at the Gussing plant in Austria, which uses steam injection to producea higher calorific value gas which can have further use as a synthetic natural gas.
Advanced conversion technologiesThis section includes systems which use gasification and pyrolysis. These technologies can be deployed in the waste management sector using municipal solid waste (MSW) and refuse-derived fuel (RDF). Gasification and pyrolysis are also applicable to the useof woody biomass, food waste, agricultural residue and industrial waste material.
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At-a-glance manufacturer information
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Company summary table
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Thermal oil x
Steam x x x x x x x x x x x
Organic rankine cycle x
From gasification/pyrolysis x x x x x x x x x
Steam turbine x
Steam engine x
Gasification x x x x x x x
Pyrolysis x
Wood pellets/briquettes x x x x x
Wood chip x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Clean wood processing waste x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Clean sawdust and sanding dust x x x x x x x x x x
Particle/fibreboard dust x x x x
Treated waste wood x x x
Clean waste wood x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Clean timber, processing residues x x x x x x x x x x x x
Food and drink, processing residues x x x x x x
Fibreboard & plywood residue x x
Rice husk/olive stones, etc. x x x x x
Animal processed by-products x
Chemical residues (e.g. liquor) x x
Paper pulp residues and sludge x x x x x x
Paper and cardboard x x x x
Leather processing waste x x
Refuse-derived fuel x x x x x
Textiles waste and residues x x x x x
Plastic waste x x x x x
Agrifibres and straw x x x x x x
Grains, seed waste, etc. x x x
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Steam raising boilers:Part2
Companies Technical info
Tonnes per hour (t/h)
Pressure(bar)
Megawatts(MW)
KARA Energy Systems 20bar <15MWKeppel Seghers <1.5–30t/h <70MWKIV 60bar 0.8–25MWKohlbach 0.5–36bar <15MWLIN-KA Energy <7.8t/h 8–16bar <5MWMartin <70MWMawera <15MWMetso Power 10–600MWMW Power 22–36t/h 17.8–29MWNess Warmëtechnik 2–28t/h <30bar <50MWPolytechnik 36bar <20MWRanheat <5MWSchmid AG Wood-Firing Systems 5–32bar <1.2MWTPS <40MWUniconfort 0.7–25bar <5.8MWVyncke Energietechniek 2–100MWWeiss Kessel <500t/h 100bar <15MW
Summary tableThis table shows which boilers within this directory are steam raising, the quantity of steam they can produce (tonnes per hour), the pressure (bar) and thermal capacity (megawatts), where known.
Steam raising boilers:Part1
Companies Technical info
Tonnes per hour (t/h)
Pressure(bar)
Megawatts(MW)
AE&E Group <500t/h 100bar <400MWBabcock & Wilcox Vølund 3–25t/h 20MWBinder
Bioener 20–80MWBono Sistemi <150t/h <50bar <3.5–45MWByworth <3t/hDanstoker <0.3–35t/h <32barDoosan Babcock <30–180t/h <110barEratic <14MWFoster Wheeler Global Power <270t/hHollensen Energy <15MWICI Caldaie 12.5–5.8MWImtech 5–20MWInetech Thermec
James Proctor <20t/h <100bar <12MWJustsen <300kW–15MWKablitz and Mitthof <110bar <40MW
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Detailed manufacturer information
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UK mapThe following map shows one example for each manufacturer in the UK, where installations exist or permission has been given.
1 Aalborg Energie Technik Page 24
2 AE&E Group Page 26
3 Binder Page 28
4 Bioener ApS Page 29
5 Bioflame Page 30
6 Biomass CHP Ltd Page 31
7 Biomass Engineering Ltd Page 32
8 Byworth Boilers Page 34
9 Danstoker Page 35
10 Energos Ltd Page 37
11 Ethos Energy Page 40
12 Foster Wheeler Global Power Page 41
13 Graveson Energy Management Ltd Page 42
14 ICI Caldaie Page 44
15 ITI Energy Ltd Page 47
16 Kablitz and Mitthof Page 50
17 KARA Energy Systems Page 51
18 Keppel Seghers (site under construction) Page 52
19 Martin GmbH Page 56
20 Metso Power Page 58
21 MW Power Page 59
22 Ranheat Engineering Page 63
23 Refgas UK Page 64
24 Turboden Srl Page 70
25 Vynke Energietechniek Page 72
26 Waste2energy Page 73
27 Wykes Engineering Page 75
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Category
Technical data
Equipment & technology
Examples
CHP Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)
Capacity 500kWe–2.5MWeFuel Woody biomass Output Electricity and hot water applications (dryers or heating systems)
The ORC technology involves a steam-power system using an organic medium evaporated at low boiling conditions, instead of water. The steam is released into the turbine to power the generator to produce electricity. However, the steam pressure is considerably lower, does not require high pressure technology and simplifies the plant operation. Due to the thermodynamic characteristics of the used media, the partial loading capability of ORC plants is superior and the efficiency achieved is higher than comparable steam plants.
There are many examples of this plant in Europe, but there are no known sitesin the UK using biomass for this type of CHP plant.
AdoratecPartnered with Maxxtec AG, Adoratec have developed the ORC combined heat and power station. Their services include the development from the initial concept through to delivery ofan economic solution for the client’s needs. Clarke Energy UK joined forces with Maxxtec in 2007, to provide an energy from biomass solution with the ORC module.
ContactAdoratec
T +49 (0) 4315 708 924
W www.adoratec.com
UK supplierClarke Energy UK
T 0151 546 4446
W www.clarke-energy.co.uk
Category
Technical data
Equipment & technology
Examples
Biomass-fired CHP plants, power plants and boiler plants.
Capacity 25MWth–150MWthFuel Sustainable forestry wood is the typical fuel, but more or less any type of biomass can be used as a fuel source; this includes also recycled woodOutput Electricity and heat
AET boiler technology is based on a spreader stoker-fired boiler with travelling grate. The boiler is a single drum natural circulation steam boiler.
Specially developed components include fuel dosing bin with dosing screws, fuel spreader, travelling grate and SNCR plant for injection of ammonia in the furnace.
There are many examples in Europe and Scandinavia, but the only UK site is the Western Wood Energy Project. AET have worked with Burmeister & Wain Scandinavian Contractor A/S in a joint venture to provide the turnkey project for the biomass-fired power station in Wales.
The plant in Wales has an AET — M1050 boiler that is fuelled by sustainable forestry wood and clean uncontaminated residues from wood processing (chips, logs and sawdust). The wood is received, stored, chipped and mixed before being fed to the combustion system. The 16.5MW turbine is from Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding. The plant was completed in 2008, and is the first biomass-fired power plant in Wales.
Aalborg Energie Technik has also converted Glanford Power Station near Scunthorpe from burning 100% chicken litter to operating on 100% meat and bone meal (MBM) as the sole fuel source.
Aalborg Energie Technik A/SAalborg Energie Technik A/S (AET) is an engineering company, based in Denmark, which designs, supplies and provides servicing on complete biomass-fired boilers, CHP and power plants.
ContactAalborg Energie Technik A/S
T +45 96 32 80 0
W www.aet-biomass.com
UK contactLars Broenden
T +45 26 30 07 32
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Babcock & Wilcox VølundBabcock & Wilcox Vølund is 100% owned by The Babcock & Wilcox Company in Barberton, Ohio, USA. The company isa leading supplier of equipment and technologies designedto convert household waste and bio-fuels into thermal energy.
Boilers Hot water, steamCHP Gasification/pyrolysis, steam turbineACT Gasification
Capacity Up to 30MW and beyond depending on the client specificationFuel All types of waste, biomass, peat, RDFOutput Waste or biomass to energy systems — steam, hot water and district heating and the possibility of biomass co-firingOutput Gasification systems — electricity
— W-grate (BS) water or air-cooled suitable for combusting all types of waste with efficient combustion ensuring very low CO
2 emission and minimal unburnt
organic compounds in combustion gases— W-grate (BS) Mark 6 water-cooled suitable for combusting high calorific value refuse— W-grate (Vølund) air-cooled suitable for combusting all types of waste — W-grate (Vølund) water-cooled for combusting high calorific value refuse— Steam production; 3–35t/h— vibration grate (HVB) water-cooled for combustion of biomass, peat or RDF with little or almost no ash content and a heat output of 2.5MW/m2— gasification: up-draught gasification up to 1MWth
100t/h steam boiler (92 bar) at 520ºC at Wanze bioethanol plant, Belgium isfired primarily with bran, which is a residue from the milling of wheat grain usedfor the production of ethanol. The steam from the boiler is expanded through a steam turbine to provide low pressure steam for the heating processes in the ethanol factory. The power is sold to the grid.
On the basis of an experimental 1MWth gasifier, built at Kynby in Denmark,a commercial 3.5MW plant was built in 1996, in Harboøre Municipality (Jutland, Denmark) with a full-scale gasifier for the combined heat and power plant.
ContactBabcock & Wilcox Vølund
T +45 76 14 34 00
W www.volund.dk/home
Category
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AE&E GroupAE&E Group is an international provider of systems for thermal power generation and environmental technologies, and offers customised solutions for components, systems and turnkey.
Boilers Steam
Capacity Up to 400MWth (150MWe)Fuel Bark and wood, sludge, RDF (refuse-derived fuel), plastic waste, coal and coal residues, biomass, sewage sludge, agricultural waste, pulp and paper industry residues, RDF, waste wood, various liquors and diverse other fuelsOutput Steam and electricity
— PowerFluid® Fluidised bed boiler: 50–500t/hr steam, up to 400MWth (150MWe) output fuelled by 6–40MJ/kg, bark and wood, sludge, RDF (refuse-derived fuel), plastic waste, coal and coal residues and diverse other fuels— EcoFluid® bubbling fluidised bed boiler: 5–250t/hr steam, up to 200MWth
and up to 75MWe output, fuelled by 3–20MJ/kg, biomass, sewage sludge, agricultural waste, pulp and paper industry residues, RDF, waste wood, other fossil fuels
Bischofferode, Germany has a PowerFluid® system — a circulating fluidised bed boiler with reheat using natural woodchips and untreated wood waste. It hasa steam output of 58.8–57.4t/hr at 535ºC and 130–25.4bar pressure.
Hallein, Austria has an EcoFluid® boiler — a bubbling fluidised bed boiler using wood waste, bark, sawdust and rejects.
The only example of this technology in use in the UK is Abengoa SA for Energy Power Resources Ltd, Westfield, where AE&E were responsible for the engineering, supply, erection and commissioning of an EcoFluid® bubbling fluidised bed boiler plant and condensation turbine fuelled by poultry litter. The plant provides 47t/hr of steam at 60bar and 460ºC with an electric output of 11MWe.
ContactAE&E Austria GmbH & Co KG
T +43 31 65 010
W www.aee-austria.at
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UK contactChris Coldwell
T 0191 252 6445
M 07850 736 352
W www.aee.co.at
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Bioener ApSBioener ApS is a Danish registered company owned by the Japanese companies Takuma Co Ltd and Itochu Ltd. The company was established in 2002 when the straw-fired boiler technologyand patents were taken over from FLS Miljo a/s who, in turn,had acquired the boiler company Burmeister & Wain in 1995.Bioener ApS has over 30 biomass power stations in Europe and Asia.
Boilers Steam
Capacity In the range of 10MWe/20MWth–40MWe/80MWthFuel Straw (various), peat, wood, wood waste, wood chips and bark Output Steam
Bioener ApS specialises in the design, manufacture, erection and commissioning of straw-firing and other biomass-fired energy power plants, including associated equipment.
Elean Power Station, Ely Business Park, Sutton, Cambridge, UK — client Energy Power Resources (EPR) Ely Ltd. This was the world’s largest straw-fired power station (when completed in September 2000 by FLS Miljo) with a 38MWe output from 26.3tonnes/hour of wheat straw.
Lanesborough Power Station, Ireland — client Electricity Supply Board. This is a peat-fired plant burning 180 tonnes/hour and built in 1983.
ContactBioener ApS
T +45 72 17 00 15
W www.bioener.dk
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Examples
Boilers Steam
Capacity 30kWth–20MWthOutput Low pressure hot water, steamFuel Up to 55% moisture content woodchip & up to 25% moisture content pellets (wood, peat, atgro pellets)
Can be supplied as containerised boiler plant: up to 1.5MW
Binder can produce a range of boiler types to suit the combustion of various fuels. They can supply boilers with injection burners to burn dusty fuels (<15% moisture content), solid retort burners with underfed stokers for granulated fuels, solid retort burners for pelletised fuels, moving grate burners for high moisture content or high ash content fuels with ram or auger stokers.
Fuels that can be used by Binder boilers include sawdust, wood shavings, waste wood from furniture manufacture, forestry and arboricultural residues, bark, reclaimed wood, energy crops, pomace and other food processing residues.
In 2006 Wood Energy Ltd installed a 1.65MW Binder boiler at Strabane Mills in County Tyrone. The boiler produces up to 2,000kg/hour of steam at 10 bar(g) for process heat demands at the animal feed mill. The system uses locally derived wood chip fuel (up to 55% moisture content) from a range of sources including sawmill residues and short rotation coppice.
The boiler has a fully automatic cleaning system for the heat exchanger tubes and exhaust gas recirculation to allow the combustion temperature to be controlled. The Binder equipment also incorporates an exhaust gas cyclone to remove fly ash.
BinderBinder is based in Bärnbach, Austria. Binder has installed over3,000 boilers across the world over the last 25 years. They have thirteen sales and service centres in eleven countries. Binder boilers have been applied to industrial process heat demands as wellas space heating.
UK supplierWood Energy Ltd
T 0845 070 7338
W www.woodenergyltd.co.uk
ContactBinder
T +43 31 42 22 54 4
W www.binder-gmbh.at
30 31
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Biomass CHP LtdBiomass CHP Ltd is a manufacturer of biomass gasificationsystems based in Northern Ireland. The technology wasdeveloped under the previous names B9 Energy Biomass Ltdand Exus Energy Ltd.
CHP Gasification/pyrolysis ACT Gasification
Capacity 3,200 tonnes wet wood per yearOutput 300kWe electricity and 300kWth hot water Fuel Fresh wet woodchip
Biomass CHP has developed a process based on down-draught gasification of wood and power generation using a high performance gas engine. Biomass CHP's high efficiency gasifier and gas cleaning system produces gas that is sufficiently clean to facilitate continuous operation of a high efficiency gas engine drivinga generator. Typical units are sized in the 200kWe to 300kWe output range with the same level of heat production, although larger plants can be built in a modular form utilising multiple gasifiers and larger engine/generator sets.
Heat from the process is used to dry the wood and to pass out to other applications such as space heating. The process is environmentally friendly, efficient, is fully automated and can run unattended for extended periods.
There is no liquid effluent and the exhaust gas meets UK Clean Air Act requirements.
Commercial plant is installed in Larne, Northern Ireland, with a capacity of 300kWe and 300kWth. It uses 3,200 tonnes per year fresh wet woodchip. It will produce 1.8GWhe and 1.8MGhth per year. Higher outputs would be available if dryer fuel were to be used, up to 600kWth output. The standard plant cost £700,000, and comes containerised, as five standard 40’ containers, three mounted on the ground and two above.
ContactBiomass CHP Ltd
W www.biomasschp.co.uk
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BioflameBioflame is an environmental engineering company, set up in2001 to develop a clean burn system for waste destruction.The initial burners were used in Central America and burnt coffee husk waste to provide heat for drying coffee. In the UK, the system has been developed to be fully compliant with all relevant legislation. Three heat-only plants have been established burning food waste, agricultural production waste and railway sleeper waste respectively.
CHP Gasification/pyrolysisACT Gasification
Capacity 1–3MWe (0.5MWe demonstration plant), up to 7MWth Fuel Wood waste (MDF, chipboard, plywood, painted wood, laminated wood) and clean waste timber (old pallets and off-cuts from timber manufacture)Output Hot air, hot water or steam.
The patented Bioflame ATTU (Advanced Thermal Treatment Unit) hasa combustion temperature in excess of 1100ºC and uses the residence chamber to allow for 3.9 seconds of residence time for the combustion process. The process is fully WID compliant.
Variety of feedstock — currently projects are specified to use low grade wood waste in the UK as the current legislative climate makes wood waste the most attractive and appropriate waste to turn into electricity, but the technology can be used for any agricultural, organic and process wastes.
Bioflame commissioned its 0.5MWe output demonstration plant, in Pickering,in January 2008. The plant burns locally sourced low grade wood waste that would otherwise go to landfill. The system burns under Waste Incineration Directive (WID) conditions and therefore the presence of these contaminants does not affect the ultimate “clean” emission from the system. The heat generated fromthe combustion unit is fed into a boiler, which in turn generates steam to powera steam turbine. At this particular site the boiler produces around 6.5 tonnesof steam and the turbine and generator set will produce around 0.6MW of electrical power.
Bioflame has built a £2.5m demonstration power station running on local wood waste at its base within the North Yorkshire National Park with the help of FEY and Yorkshire Forward. This site is fully commissioned and exporting electricity to the National Grid. The company looks for partners with access to a fuel supply of 28,000–30,000 tonnes/yr to form a joint venture company for power generation.
ContactBioflame Ltd
T 01751 472 831
W www.bioflame.com
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Bono SistemiBono Sistemi designs and manufactures biomass-fired steam generators and thermal fluid heaters using a variety of waste fuels such as olive husks, rice husks and woodchip. The plant is most applicable to the food and the wood industry, where the production wastes, such as wood chips, sawdust, husks, etc. can provide fuel for both process heat and electric power. The boilers are also suitable for CHP application on district heating schemes.
Boilers Thermal oil, steamCHP Steam turbine
Capacity Steam boiler: 3.5MW–45MW Thermal oil generator: 3MW–12MW District heating: 0.6MWe and 2.8MWth to 2MWe and 8.7MWthFuel Woodchip, sawdust, rice husks, olive husks, bark, grape residue and sorgumSteam Pressure: up to 50 bar Temperature: up to 450ºC Saturated steam: 5t/h to 60t/h Temperature in/temperature out: 250ºC/300ºC
A variety of fuel feed systems allow a range of fuels to be used. The reciprocating gate is state of the art combustion technology suitable for any kind of biomass, ranging from high moisture content dump waste or virgin wood, dusty biomass and low specific gravity feed stock (such as rice husk).
We understand that there are no installations from this manufacturer in theUnited Kingdom.
ContactBono Sistemi
T +39 02 55 30 28 48
W www.bono.it
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Biomass Engineering LtdBiomass Engineering Ltd is a volume producer of biomass gasification systems with full design and manufacture in-house from a purpose-built 90,000 square feet facility in the northwest of England. The system has been developed over 15 years, originally by Shawton Engineering, and is now fully commercialised.
CHP Gasification/pyrolysisACT Gasification
Capacity Standard range is 250–275kWe, 450–600kWth, and multiple modules thereofFuel Wide range of clean wood biomass feedstocksOutput Hot water and electricity
The technology is a down-draught gasifier combined heat and power system ina standard, modularised format. It is coupled with a gas engine. Clean biomass fuel at 10 to 20%mc is fed into the top of each gasifier at a rate of approx 250kg/hour.
The gasifier has pyrolysis, oxidation and reduction sections whereby the fuel is gasified. The resulting gas is cleaned using ceramic filters, which are purged using nitrogen. It is a low tar gas produced by careful pressure control. The cooled gas is fed to spark ignition gas engines with generators. The waste heat from these can form the heat output into the heat mains. The resulting waste char and dust is collected in containers. The system is fully automatic and has a fully computerised control system.
Merthyr Industrial (Biomass) Services Ltd. A multi module 1MWe wood gasification plant in an industrial unit in South Wales. The plant exports renewable electricity to the grid and has the capacity to provide heat for use elsewhere on the industrial estate. The site comprises a fuel feed system, four gasifier and filter modules, gas cleaning and cooling skid, two wet electrostatic precipitators and 2 x500kWe Jenbacher engines.
Other sites are in operation in the UK and Germany, and works are progressing at entering the markets in Italy, Spain and Latvia.
Visit this address to see a video of a working plant:www.youtube.com/user/BiomassEngineeringUK
ContactBiomass Engineering Limited
T 01925 295 959
W www.biomass.uk.com
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DanstokerThis Danish firm have been making biomass boilers for 50 years (they also produce fossil-fuelled boilers). The company has beenin operation for 75 years and sells boilers around Europe. They do not manufacture combustion systems or feed systems and normally supply their boilers to other companies who provide a turnkey design, supply and installation service.
Boilers Steam
Capacity Steam boilers: from 300kg steam/h to 35,000kg steam/h and a design pressure up to 32 barFuel Forest residues, bark, sawmill/construction waste, sawdust, wood pellets, fruit stones, straw and agrifibres, textile waste (every boiler is adapted to suit the special characteristics of the fuel to be used)
Danstoker has specialised in horizontal and vertical bio-fuel boilers. The range includes hot water boilers, high pressure hot water and steam. The boilers vary for different sizes and purposes with triple pass fire tube boilers being used for hot water and, if required for steam raising, these are combined with water-tube sections for operating pressures up to 30 bar. Typically, the boilers are fitted with the Danstoker automatic pneumatic cleaning system.
The Danstoker steam boiler, type DHF, is a 3-pass fire-tube boiler with open bottom and well-dimensioned furnace-tube with cylindrical upper part, intended for combustion of solid fuel. The DHF boiler is designed to give complete combustion of the fuel and at the same time optimise the radiant heat in the furnace-tube, whereas the convection heat is maximised in the two subsequent fire-tube sections, all of which results in high efficiency and low fuel consumption. Danstoker boilers can operate with stokers, step grates or chain grates.
The joinery manufacturer Premdor, in Barnsley, uses a 5MW Danstoker steam boiler producing 7.5t/hr steam at 8 bar.
UK contactDanstoker UK Ltd
T 07921 773 580
W www.danstoker.dk
ContactDanstoker
T +45 99 28 71 00
W www.danstoker.dk
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Byworth BoilersByworth Boilers are based in the UK and have been manufacturing boilers for over 35 years, and have a large fleet of trailer-mounted hire boilers. The packaged boiler systems are traditional three pass wetback shell boilers for industrial process applications and commercial heating. Their boilers can be supplied with burners from a range of manufacturers. Mobile truck-mounted boiler systems are also available.
Boilers Steam
Capacity Up to 12MW (hot water), 18t/hour (steam)Fuel Wood pellets, biogas, waste heat, fossil fuelsOutput Hot water, steam
The Byworth range includes oil and gas-fired hot water and steam boilers as well as waste heat boilers. There is a wood pellet boiler currently under development.
Byworth Boilers are the only boiler available in the UK to offer X-ID high efficiency boiler tube. Heat transfer from tubes to water is increased by over 80%, adding, usually, over 2% to overall boiler efficiency.
Byworth have been working with the Regional Development Agency for the Yorkshire and Humber region, Yorkshire Forward, to develop a wood pellet-fuelled boiler. It is based on a proven design of coal boiler. The project includes the development of the stoker, ash removal equipment and flue gas grit arrester.
They are also engaged in projects to use organic waste such as food processing waste, whey, distillery “spent wash” and crop waste to produce biogas (from anaerobic digestion), which can be used to fuel their boilers.
Three boilers have recently been installed at Kings’ College Hospital in London, in a new energy centre. Two of these boilers produce 10,000kgs/hr of steam, utilising heat from the CHP engine exhaust gases.
ContactByworth Boilers
T 01535 665 225
W www.byworth.co.uk
36 37
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ENERGOS LtdENERGOS Ltd is part of the ENER-G PLC group and is the ENER-G Group’s specialist in gasification technology. It is a leading supplier of small scale, proven energy from waste plants. ENER-G services include full system design, supply, installation and servicing, working with the food & beverage, pharmaceutical, paper and automotive industries.
CHP GasificationACT Gasification
Developed for energy from waste requirements. Gasification on an innovative duplex grate in modular form. Energy recovery steam generator for thermal customer or integral power generation use.
Output Standardised boilers can deliver saturated steam or for superheated steam (21/39 bar, 380ºC). Boilers with other steam parameters can be provided.Capacity Type 41 (13.5MWth/3.1MEe) and type 51 (16.4MWth/4.1MWe)Waste Each line can utilise 40,000 tonnes of waste or SRF, multiple line applications available to 160,000 tonnes. Very low emissions with flue gas cleaning system.
ENERGOS energy from waste plants has a patented two-stage thermal conversion process. Drying and gasification of the fuel is carried out in the primary chamber under sub-stoichiometric conditions. The synthetic gas generated in the primary chamber is transferred to a separate secondary chamber where final high-temperature oxidation takes place. A proprietary software system monitors and controls the process. Recovered energy is converted into hot water or steam for delivery of district heating, process steam and/or electricity. ENERGOS plants are built as a modular approach with one or more processing lines in parallel to meet customer requirements regarding energy production and fuel processing capacity.
ENERGOS have constructed a plant on the Isle of Wight to add to the seven already operational plants in Norway and Germany. The plant will generate electricity from the 30,000 tonnes of residual waste being processed at the Island Waste Services resource recovery facility.
ContactENERGOS Ltd
T 0845 683 7001
W www.energos.com
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Doosan Babcock Energy LtdDoosan Babcock is a multi-specialist energy services company operating in the thermal power, nuclear, petrochemical, oil and gas and pharmaceutical industries. It is also a leading international steam generation OEM (original equipment manufacturer) and supplier of clean, efficient coal-powered technology. Doosan Babcock has a long history of licensing its technology, which includes large power plant co-firing technology with 20–25% biomass heat input co-fired with coal, and small scale fluidisedbed technology combusting 100% biomass for process heat.
Boilers Steam
Capacity 5MWe to 50MWeFuel A wide variety of fuels can be handled, if consistent in quality and sizeOutput 30–180t/hr of steam at up to 110bar pressure
Doosan Babcock biomass technology uses bubbling bed fluidised boilers and is suitable for the generation of steam for process or power generation. Steam outlet conditions typically range from saturation up to 520ºC.
Existing examples of biomass fuels used include waste from the sugar industry (cane and beet), woodchip and bark, agrowaste, sludge. Municipal waste cannotbe handled unless it is pelletised.
A current ongoing project is the supply of a fluidised bed boiler to produce 55te/hr of steam at 64bar pressure and 460ºC boiler for a whisky distillery in Scotland. The fuel is the spent grain from the distillery. The steam is used for process, however if used for power generation would probably generate about 10MWe. It is due to be commissioned in 2010.
ContactDoosan Babcock Energy Limited
T 01293 612 888
W www.doosanbabcock.com
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EraticEratic SA, and its sister engineering company, CIS Engineering, have been trading for over 40 years. As well as manufacturing and maintaining biomass boilers, Eratic produce incinerators, gasifiers and heat exchangers.
Boilers Thermal oil, steam
Capacity 116kW–14MWFuel Waste wood (bark, sawdust, MDF, etc.), waste paper, food waste, agricultural residues, animal wastes, industrial residues (contaminated liquids, paint sludge, etc.)Output Electrical generation: 200kWe–6MWe
Eratic SA manufactures and installs a wide range of boilers and associated equipment, which are applicable in the following sectors: food, chemical, pharmaceutical, paper, furniture, hotel, hospitals, laundry, textile, construction,car, metal, petrochemical, residues management, agricultural and naval.
We understand that there are no installations in the United Kingdom.
ContactEratic
T +34 96 15 48 516
W www.eratic.es
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EntimosEntimos Ltd was founded in 1997 and produces wood gasifier- based combined heat and power plants. Wood gasification hasa long history in Finland. The basic idea of the original two-stage wood gasification system was developed by the late Kustaa Saares. The first prototype was developed in 1981, the second in 1996, in co-operation with VTT Energy and the University of Oulu, Finland.
CHP GasificationACT Gasification
Capacity Approx 1,300kW fuel inputOutput 300kWe/650kWthFuel Woodchip
Uses a patented gasifier technology using combined up-draught and down-draught gasification and producing two gas streams. The tar-heavy stream forming the “counter flow” is burnt directly to produce heat for the heat mains. The cleaner gas from the “forward flow” goes to a gas engine to produce electricity.The company’s own design feeding, grate and ash removal systems are in use. Wood chips are gasified in an Entimos-gasifier and the produced gas is used inan engine/generator set, which produces 300kW (net) of electricity and 650kW(net output) of heat. The electricity is directed to the national grid and the heat is used in district heating and for fuel drying.
Lestijarvi CHP plant located in a small municipality in central Finland uses Entimos gasifier technology to produce gas for the combined heat and power scheme.It has been in operation since March 2008. Gross output is 400 kWe, net outputis 300kWe and 650kW of heat is also exported to the district heat mains. The plant is operated by the local wood co-operative.
Tervola CHP bio power plant in Finland was built in 2001 with a capacity of 470kWe and 1.13MWth to the district heating mains with an overall efficiency of 81.5%. Investment cost was €1.3m in 1999.
ContactEntimos
T +358 (0) 40 54 76 62 0
W www.entimos.fi
40 41
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Foster Wheeler Global Power (Foster Wheeler Energia)Foster Wheeler is a global company with two groups: Engineering and Construction Group and Global Power Group. Foster Wheeler Global Power produces boilers for heat and electricity generation based on bubbling fluidised bed (BFB), circulating fluidised bed (CFB) technologies, with over 140 BFB boilers and 210 CFB unitsin operation.
Boilers SteamCHP GasificationACT Gasification/pyrolysis
Capacity Gasifiers, fixed bed and fluidised bed up to 10MWth and up to 150MWe, industrial grate boilers — up to 270t/h steam Fuel Gasifiers — biomass, industrial and municipal waste, plastics, waste paper and construction wood waste circulating fluidised bed boilers (CFB) — high moisture content waste with low emissions. Industrial grate boilers, bubbling fluidised bed boiler, high moisture content fuels Output Electricity, steam
The (BFB) technology is ideal for firing biofuels with high moisture content and difficult ash characteristics, or fuels that are difficult to handle, such as sludges.It can be applied effectively as a boiler retrofit for older stoker boilers and recovery boilers. The (CFB) combustion process has the capability to fire a broad range of fuel qualities from low-grade high-ash fuels, good quality bituminous and anthracite coals to various biomass and waste fuels with low emissions. The CFBs can also capture sulphur as the fuel burns and use low-cost selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) to achieve ultra low NOx and SOx emissions in the furnace without the need for additional flue gas cleaning equipment. Gasification technologies for use in lime kilns include fixed bed, fluidised bed and entrained flow gasification.
Sembcorp power station (30MWe), Wilton, Teeside — Foster Wheeler designed, built and commissioned the complete boiler island including the fuel handling system, the biomass-fuelled (BFB) boiler (Foster Wheeler Global Power Group’s BFB biomass boiler), and the flue gas treatment system. The plant burns about 300,000 tonnes of wood per year from various sources including green and recycled wood.
ContactFoster Wheeler Global Power
T +35 81 03 93 11
W www.fwc.com
UK supplierHarry Lampenius
T +35 81 03 93 61 37
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Ethos EnergyEthos Energy is a sister company to Ethos Recycling and isa technology and energy business operating in the waste sector, producing energy from waste using the processes of pyrolysis and gasification. Ethos Energy's technology is a continuous process, utilising the advantages of pure pyrolysis, followed by gasification of the resulting char.
CHP Gasification/pyrolysisACT Gasification
Capacity From 1MWe/5MWth–7MWe/25MWthFuel Broad waste streams can be used (MSW, clinical, industrial, sewerage, etc.) Licensed for over 80% of the European Waste CatalogueOutput Heat and electricity
Ethos Energy's technology is a continuous process, utilising the advantages of pure pyrolysis, followed by gasification of the resulting char. The technology is available in the following sizes:
— ST150 – small-scale unit (1,000tpa) initially developed for use on Royal Navy ships, but ideally suited to on-site waste processing. Best suited to locations with a heat load, up to 400 kW could be available for on-site processes.— MT4 – suited to a small flow (up to 15,000tpa, but typically less) of high value waste, such as clinical waste or on-site disposal of industrial wastes. It has the potential to generate up to 1 MWe and approximately 5MWth.— MT8 – designed for larger waste flows typically found in the municipal waste market. It is designed for 30,000tpa (gate receipts may be 20% higher in volume if combined with Eco Drying system) and is capable of exporting 3MW of electricity and up to 11MWth of low grade heat. — MT16 – designed to treat a sizeable proportion of larger settlement residual MSW arisings. It can accept 60,000tpa of waste (gate receipts may be 20% higher in volume if combined with Eco Drying system), and can export up to 7MWe and 25MWth of low-grade heat. The plant consists of two parallel MT8 lines.
Avonmouth — The original Avonmouth Plant (A1), designed and built by Compact Power (now Ethos Energy), has been successfully operating since 2001. Ethos Recycling Ltd has operated A1 since January 2008. No electricity is generated at A1 because Ethos can reclaim approximately five times more energy in the form of steam for sterilisation than it could by using the same steam in a turbine (to create electricity). The plant produces around 2MWth.
ContactEthos Energy
T 0844 844 1306
W www.ethosenergy.co.uk
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Hollensen Energy (Focus Energy)A Danish knowledge-based, project-oriented manufacturer operating for 30 years, mainly supplying Scandinavian markets but now extending to rest of Europe. The company is not simply an equipment supplier but rather a full turnkey/consultancy company. Hollensen developed a demonstration 1MW pilot biomass down-draught gasification CHP plant in the 1990s. The CHP supplies electricity to the grid and heat to the Hogild village heating company in Denmark.
Boilers Steam
Capacity 400kW–15MWFuel Wood, timber residues and waste wood from processingOutput Steam
Dry wood systems, useful for the wood working industries, in the performance range of 400kW–3MW are based on the Biomaster P Boiler with horizontal piping — a compact, efficient installation which is suitable for new or existing buildingsor transportable containers. Installations that generate 4MW or more are based on the Biomaster boiler, which uses vertical piping.
Plant uses dry biofuel such as pellets, briquettes, dry woodchip, sawdust and shavings, or crop fuel in the form of cut straw, pellets, seed waste, grain and other granulated biomass product suitable for incineration.
There are also wet wood systems suitable for the timber processing industries. Focus Energy supplies hot water, high pressure hot water and steam boilers that cover an output range of 400kW to 15MW. The boilers are designed to match customer requirements and are adapted to suit specific demands. Woodchip fuel with a moisture content of 25–60% can produce efficiency levels in excess of 100%, through extracting heat from flue gases.
No information is currently available.
ContactFocus Energy
T +45 97 14 20 22
W www.focusenergy.dk
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Graveson Energy Management (GEM)Graveson Energy Management Ltd (GEM) has developed an advanced thermal conversion system that recovers energy from a wide selection of waste materials. They were chosen by DEFRA to construct a demonstrator unit at Scarborough that will divert 18,000 tonnes of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) from landfilland provide electricity and locally utilisable waste heat using pyrolysis technology.
CHP Gasification/pyrolysisACT Pyrolysis
Fuel The process can accept a wide range of feedstock materials from domestic (MSW), industrial and agricultural sources such as sewage sludge, rubber crumb, waste oils and other liquid waste, foodstuffs and rendered animal by-products, bio-crops, treated and clean wood. The fuel specification is simply a small particle size (<2mm in one plane), with a moisture content range of 5%–8%Output Synthetic gas
GEM’s advanced thermal conversion process is described as “flash pyrolysis”.It is the chemical decomposition of feedstock by intensive heat in the absence of oxygen, also known as “destructive distillation” or “cracking”. This has been widely used in the petro-chemical industry for many years. The converter module has been designed to convert 1.5 tonnes per hour of suitable feed material into gas on a continuous basis. Prepared fuel is continuously fed in via an auger mechanism where heat instantly penetrates the particles, efficiently cracking them intoa synthetic gas. The gas is retained within the converter for up to 50 seconds to maintain the heat transfer and maximise efficiency. It is then cooled and cleaned before use.
Scarborough Power, Seamer Carr, Scarborough is GEM’s first full-scale plant inthe UK. It was part of DEFRA’s New Technology Demonstrator Programme andcan process 25,000 tonnes of unsorted Municipal Solid Waste per annum. It isa pyrolysis plant (including fuel store, dryer and thermal oxidiser) producing 2MW of electricity per hour and 2.5MW of heat per hour (1.8MW net heat output available for potential local utilisation). The GEM technology converts waste intoa synthetic gas through pyrolysis, which is then used in a reciprocating engineto generate renewable power. The GEM process can be used on any carbon-based waste. Commissioning was completed in February 2009.
ContactGraveson Energy Management
T 01639 864 611
W www.gem-ltd.co.uk
44 45
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ImtechImtech is a large European technical services provider in thefields of electrical engineering, ICT and mechanical engineering. Imtech has an annual turnover of more than €3.8 billion and over 22,500 employees. The biomass engineering is in two divisions,one centred in the Netherlands (Imtech Industrial) and one in Munich, Germany (Imtech Deutschland). The UK arm specialisesin advanced biogas from sewage systems.
Boilers SteamCHP Steam turbine
Capacity 1–5MWe and a thermal power of 5–20MWthOutput Electricity and hot water, steamFuel Wood, biomass and municipal waste
Plus Biomass steam-based CHP systems Both moving grate and fluidised bed combustion systems High pressure water tube boilers Heat from steam condenser and flue gas condenser
Imtech Industrial (formerly Imtech Vonk) supplies biomass/wood-fired combined heat/power installations with an electric power of 1–5MWe and a thermal powerof 5–20MWth. Imtech in Germany supplies large combined heat and power systems including wood, biomass and waste-fuelled systems, mostly for district heating and utilities.
Vink Sion greenhouses, Netherlands, biomass steam CHP system producing 1.15MWe, 5.3MWth using a high pressure 55bar water tube boiler.
Heligenkreuz biomass CHP plant Austria, using a fluidised bed, output 10MWe, 12MWth, input 150,000 tonnes per year of wood chips.
The are no examples of biomass systems in the UK at present, although ImtechUK have installed a fossil-fired district heating scheme for the Church End Estate, Brent, London.
UK contactImtech UK Ltd
T 01784 229 900
ContactImtech Industry International
T +31 (0) 52 45 99 22 2
W www.imtech.eu
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Equipment & technology
Examples
ICI CaldaieICI Caldaie was established in 1958 to manufacture steam boilers. Since then, the company has been developing hot water and thermal oil boilers for the domestic, commercial and industrial sectors. The company has offices in Italy, UK, Spain, China, Romania, Kazakhstan and Ukraine. Their Verona facility housesa training centre that provides courses on steam and hotwater boilers.
Boilers Thermal oil, steam
Capacity 12.5kW–5.8MWFuel Woodchip, wood pellet, logs, sawdust, nut shells, rice husk, coconut shellOutput Hot water, thermal oil, steam
The commercial biomass range includes wood pellet boilers and gasifying log boilers up to 110kW and woodchip boilers up to 1.2MW.
The Biotherm range of boilers provides LTHW, MTHW and steam with a range of duties from 348kW to 5.8MW or 500kg/hr to 8,333kg/hr.
Biotherm US — Underfed stoker for fuel with moisture content <30%Biotherm SG — Screw fed for fuel with moisture content <55%Biotherm LF — Hydraulic ram feed for fuel with moisture content <60%
As well as hot water boilers, ICI Caldaie manufactures fossil fuel steam boilers up to 20,000kg/hour and the associated equipment such as boiler blowdown vessels, calorifiers and feedwater treatment plant.
ICI Caldaie has also supplied waste heat recovery boilers to water companies in the UK to produce steam from the exhaust gas of biogas engines. They can also provide boilers that use biogas and biodiesel.
There are two steam raising biomass boilers rated at 3.5t/hour currently(November 2009) being commissioned at Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester.
ContactICI Caldaie
T +39 04 58 73 85 11
W www.icicaldaie.com
UK contactICI Caldaie Ltd
T 0161 743 9595
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Technical data
Equipment & technology
Examples
ITI Energy LtdITI Energy Ltd manufactures a compact and highly efficient thermal conversion technology based on an advanced gasification design. Combined with the most up to date, commercially available, gas clean-up systems, the technology generates a synthetic gasthat is clean enough to fuel an internal combustion engine.
CHP Gasification/pyrolysisACT Gasification
Capacity 1.7MWe and 2.0MWth Fuel Difficult or negative value feedstock, e.g. leather wasteOutput Gas for CHPSize 12m x 4m (approx 12m high)Cost Low costs show return on investment within 3 to 4 years
The synthetic gas would power an internal combustion engine to drive an electricity generating plant and the heat available from the exhaust can be exported as hot water and used for district heating as part of a combined heat and power (CHP) scheme, for industrial processes or to enable further power generation from an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) process.
The technology was developed at Newcastle University, over ten years, to produce a compact gasifier specifically designed to handle a wide range of “difficult” or negative-value feedstock and is particularly suited to the conversion of refuse- derived fuel (RDF) into energy.
North Derbyshire project — two ITI gasifiers with internal combustion engines generating 3.2MW net output from locally sourced RDF feedstock, including 70% biomass. There is a framework agreement with this client to develop a total of six sites using ITI technology.
ContactITI Energy
T 01142 541 233
W www.iti-energy.com
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Technical data
Equipment & technology
Inetec TherMecInetec is a specialised company with patented “abrasive drying” technology for converting food waste and non-recyclablepackaging into heat energy.
Boilers Steam
Capacity 2–8 tonnes per day of wasteFuel Food waste and non-recyclable packaging waste including a variety of feedstock (food wastes, food sludge and slurry, sauces, out of date items, non-recyclable card, paper and some plastics), reducing waste to landfill by up to 80%Output Either heat on site or fuel for off-site use
On-site method for converting food and non-recyclable packaging into energy and a mechanical process that can handle a wide variation of waste stream components.
Thermec 2000 — daily processing capacity, 2 tonnes (at 50% MC); biomass fuel produced, 1 tonne. Operating cycle 24 hours. Energy 0.6MWth. Cost without energy recovery, £250,000; cost with energy recovery, £600,000.
Thermec 4000 — daily processing capacity, 4 tonnes (at 50% MC); biomass fuel produced, 2 tonnes. Operating cycle 24 hours. Energy 1.7MWth. Cost without energy recovery, £400,000; cost with energy recovery, £800,000.
Thermec 8000 — daily processing capacity, 8 tonnes (at 50% MC); biomass fuel produced, 4 tonnes. Operating cycle 24 hours. Energy 3.0MWth. Cost without energy recovery, £700,000; cost with energy recovery, £1,200,000.
ContactInetec
T 01656 746 439
W www.inetec.co.uk
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Technical data
Equipment & technology
Examples
Justsen Energiteknik A/SJustsen is based in Denmark and has been providing wholesystem solutions since 1960. They have supplied more than2,500 biomass heating plants to customers in Europe, North,South and Central America.
Boilers Steam
Capacity 300kW–15MWFuel Woodchip, wood pellets and briquettes, clean wood waste, contaminated wood waste, bark, peat, grain, huskOutput Hot water, thermal oil, steam (low pressure and high pressure)
Justsen boilers can burn a range of materials from clean wood pellets and high moisture content wood waste to contaminated wood waste and grain husks.They manufacture 3 pass and 5 pass boilers, underfed stokers, watercooledmoving grate systems, fuel handling equipment, automatic de-ashing systemsand filtration equipment.
Justsen systems have been applied to district heating systems, process steam requirements and waste combustion.
The use of water cooled grate systems allows the boiler temperature to be controlled, allowing the use of a wide range of fuels of differing moisture contents.
No examples are available in the UK, but Justsen commissioned a biomass- fuelled steam raising boiler at Atlantic Industries (part of the Coca-Cola Export Corporation) in Drogheda, Ireland in 2007. The boiler provides up to 6.3t/hour of process steam at 7bar. The 3 pass boiler has an open bottom and cylindrical steam drum and the moving grate is water cooled to ensure constant temperature.
See case study at www.justsen.dk/00028/
ContactJustsen Energiteknik A/S
T +45 86 26 05 00
W www.justsen.dk
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Technical data
Equipment & technology
Examples
James Proctor LtdJames Proctor Ltd is a fifth generation family business established in 1875. They began with coal-fired technology but extended into biomass-based technology approximately 11 years ago.
Boilers Steam
Chain grate stokers and reciprocating grate stokersOutput 500kW–6MW for process steam or CHP
Reciprocating grate stokers and bubbling fluidised bed combustionOutput <12MW, 20t/hr steam and 2MWe CHPFuel Woodchip up to 70% moisture content, wood pelletsOutput Hot water, steam, CHP
James Proctor has developed an efficient, cost effective boiler package which enables high moisture content biomass to be utilised as a low cost, environmentally friendly fuel. Their burners incorporate advanced controls, firebreak units and variable speed drives to give unrivalled fuel savings and maximum efficiencies.
A 1MW test boiler installed in their factory enables a customer to trial their fuel as a demonstration.
No examples are available in the UK, but James Proctor has recently commissioned a wood pellet-fuelled system in Forssa, Finland producing 2MWth steam fora textile facility.
ContactJames Proctor Ltd
T 01282 453 816
W www.jamesproctor.com
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Technical data
Equipment & technology
Examples
KARA Energy Systems (BIB Cochran)KARA Energy Systems is a global supplier of biomass combustionsystems, specialising in the conversion of solid fuels into energy and the manufacture of fuel handling, combustion and clean up technology. BIB Cochran manufactures the boiler system.
Boilers Thermal oil, steam
Capacity 370 kW–15MWFuel Dry fuel (flakes or sawdust from dried wood, fibre board, paper, card, etc.) — 8%–25% moisture contentOutput Thermal oil, steam (can be used with steam turbine for CHP)
Dry underscrew furnace, wet underscrew furnace, fixed sloping grate, hydraulic flat grate, sloping hydraulic moving grate, cyclone burner
Fuel Small wood particles with 25–40% moisture content, large wood particles with 20–60% moisture content, high ash content fuel, slow burning materials, with 30–70% moisture content thermal capacity up to 5MW, fine sawdust or dust with moisture content of up to 15%
KARA Energy Systems B.V. supplies various types of incineration systems for all kinds of (biomass) wastes. Every installation is custom-made. Installations are based on KARA Energy Systems B.V. designs. A variety of furnaces are available depending on the fuel requirement. A range of boilers are available providing hot water or steam, with pressures up to 20 bar and include a thermal oil boiler for high temperature (200–300ºC) applications.
Slough Heat and Power — Slough’s energy centre has a multi-fuelled BIB Cochran vibrating grate boiler, fired by wood and fibre fuel (paper and cardboard based), drives a 12MW pass-out steam turbine and two woodchip-fuelled Foster Wheeler fluidised bed boilers that drive a 35MW steam pass-out turbine. The Energy Centre generates 270GWh/yr which is sold via a Non-Fossil Fuel Obligation contract.
ContactKARA Energy Systems
T +31 54 68 76 580
W www.kara.nl
UK supplierBIB Cochran Ltd
T 01461 202 111
W www.bibcochran.com
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Equipment & technology
Examples
Kablitz and MitthofKablitz and Mitthof designs and delivers mainly energy centres for the combustion of solid fuels "biomass" including fuel conveying and feeding systems, grates, combustion chambers, removal and cleaning systems and boilers. It was established in 1901, originally manufacturing heat exchangers. Heat exchangers are still usedin the biomass plants, which allow fuels with low calorific values to be burnt efficiently. Kablitz plants are used in any industries burning waste wood to provide the production either with saturated or overheated steam or hot water.
Boilers Thermal oil, steam
Capacity Up to 40MW and beyond, as specified by clientOutputs Steam pressure up to 110 bar/temperature up to 510ºC and thermal oilFuel Wood chips, bark, chipboard, medium density fibreboard, waste wood,
rice husks, olives stones, other solid biomass
Feed water temperature 100OC to 190OC
The biomass-fired steam boilers can be built vertically or horizontally, and can be as large as 30m tall/long. Steam is produced within a water tube boiler with natural circulation. Kablitz delivers whole power plants including fuel feeding system, combustion and boiler system, ash removal system, flue gas cleaning, steam turbine and generator, piping for water and steam, steel construction, assembly and commissioning.
Kablitz and Mitthof have designed and delivered over 500 boiler grate systems and five power stations. A UK example is at Kronospan board mill at Chirk, Wrexham, which is fired with virgin timber.
Other examples are given on the website.
ContactRichard Kablitz andMitthof GmbH
T +49 (0) 93 43 79 01 24 1
W www.kablitz.com
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Technical data
Equipment & technology
Examples
KIV EngineeringA Slovenian company established in 1947, began designing, manufacturing and installing biomass boiler systems 30 years ago. KIV also develops and produces bespoke WID-Compliant Energy from Waste (EfW) systems.
Boilers Thermal oil, steamACT Gasification
Capacity 1.3MWth–25MWthModul R-H-S Steam boiler up to 16 bar(g) pressureRating 1.3MWth–4MWth output (3 models)Input Water tube superheated steam boilers up to 60 bar(g) pressure (550oC), 12.5MWth to 25MWth input
TPVb with firebox— Steam boiler up to 20bar(g) pressure, 4–12MWth output (5 models)— Steam production of 0.75t/h up to 15t/h— Water tube superheated steam boilers up to 60 bar(g) pressure (550ºC), 12.5MWth to 25MWth
Fuel Wide variety from clean wood to sewage sludgeOutput Hot water, thermal oil, steam, Energy from Waste — gasification
KIV supplies fully automatic turnkey biomass and EfW WID-compliant systems. The EfW systems are based on a proven air-cooled step grate and use a patented two-stage combustion furnace design with similar boilers to the biomass systems up to 10 –12MWth input. Larger systems use specialist water-tube boilers.The output capacity of the EfW systems is 800kW–25MWth. Four-line plants can be designed to deal with 200,000t/yr of municipal solid waste/refuse-derived fuel with a potential output of 26MWe net. KIV’s gasification technology uses the same step grate technology that is used in the biomass boilers.
No examples currently installed in the UK but the technology is installed in various European countries. An EfW WID-compliant plant (18MWth input) has recently been installed in Celje, Slovenia using gasification technology. The plant combusts 37,500 tonnes of municipal solid waste (MSW), mixed with 7,500 tonnes of sewage sludge cake annually. Power output will be 2.4MWe net, plus hot water for approximately 500 dwellings.
UK supplierEnergia Ltd
T 01684 585 238
W www.kiv-uk.com
ContactKIV Engineering
T +38 63 70 34 111
W www.kiv.si
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Equipment & technology
Examples
Keppel SeghersKeppel Seghers is the environmental division of the Keppel Corporation and is a provider of comprehensive environmental solutions, ranging from consultancy, design and engineering, technology and construction, to operations and maintenance of facilities. Their advanced technology solutions address a wide spectrum of environmental issues such as solid waste, biosolidsand sludge treatment.
Boiler Steam
Capacity Waste to energy plants up to 70MWth and 12MWe + high pressure steam for process applications, evaporator/combustor for sewage sludge up to 200 tonnes/day (at 22% dry solid content) Fuel Mixed industrial waste, municipal solid waste and paper, oily, sewage and chemical sludge, and RDF (refuse-derived fuel)Output Steam
The ZerofuelTM fluidised bed technology has been successfully applied to various kinds of wastes such as municipal sludge, paper sludge, oily sludge, chemical sludge, RDF granules, wood residues, de-inking sludge, completely dried sludge, sewage sludge, etc. It can be used with or without energy recovery systems (steam, heat, electricity).
Keppel Seghers will provide the technology and also build an Energy-from-Waste Combined Heat and Power Plant (EFW CHP plant) on behalf of Ineos Runcorn TPS Ltd (owned by Viridor Waste Management Limited, John Laing PLC and Ineos Chlor). The plant, to be completed by 2012, will have a capacity to treat up to 420,000 tonnes per year of RDF, and will be able to supply at full capacity some 270,000MWh of electricity and 500,000 tonnes of steam per year into the internal network of the Ineos Runcorn site. It features the company’s water-cooled grate, the horizontal boiler design integrated with prism technology, for enhanced heat recovery, and double dry flue gas cleaning system.
ContactKeppel Seghers UK Ltd
T 01902 733 798
W www.keppelseghers.com/home
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Technical data
Equipment & technology
Examples
LIN-KA ENERGYLIN-KA ENERGY A/S based in Denmark is one of the world leaders within the field of biomass heating and steam-raising plants.The company has over thirty years of experience and know-how on the combustion of biomass and also has particular expertise with the utilisation of straw.
Boilers Steam
Capacity Steam 200kW–5MW Capacity District heating 1.5MW –5MW, 1.5MW–10MW Fuel Woodchip, pellet and strawOutput Hot water, steamContainerised 400kW–3MW
Applications for LIN-KA boilers include hot water, steam, district heating and containerised systems. Hot water plants are primarily used for space heating.
Steam plants are intended for process industry where higher temperatures or pressures are required, e.g. within the food and beverages sector, laundries, etc.
The heating plant is for use in towns or communities for establishing or expanding a district heating system.
There are no examples of LIN-KA steam boilers in the UK. However, there area number of operational systems in Scandinavia.
UK supplierManco Energy Ltd
T 01430 828 660
W www.mancoenergy.com
ContactLIN-KA ENERGY A/S
T +45 97 34 16 55
W www.linka.dk
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Technical data
Equipment & technology
Examples
KohlbachKohlbach is a family owned company based in Austria. Over thelast forty years they have installed over 1,000 biomass boilerplants throughout Europe. Kohlbach is represented in the UKand Ireland by Buccleuch BioEnergy Ltd. Applications include hot water, thermal oil and steam boilers for use in individual space heating, district heating, combined heat and power and process heat applications.
Boilers Thermal oil, steam
Capacity 300kWth to 10MWthOil 150ºC–300ºC (up to 9MW)Steam 0.5 bar–40 bar (saturated and super heated)Fuel 10–60% moisture content. Woody biomass (such as woodchip, bark and sawdust)Containerised 400kW–1.6MW
Kohlbach boilers utilise moving grate technology. Their scope of supply also includes flue gas treatment using flue gas condensation, cyclone filters, electrostatic filters or fabric filters as appropriate. Thermal oil boilers with exit temperatures in excess of 200ºC can be supplied with economisers. Steam boilers are available that can provide saturated or super heated steam. Kohlbach can also supply the balance of plant required for the operation of their steam boilers (e.g. feed-water pumps, tanks). Kohlbach CHP systems use either Organic Rankine Cycle technology (up to 1.6MWe) or steam technology (steam turbine or steam engine) up to 32 bar.
Buccleuch BioEnergy Ltd has installed a number of Kohlbach boiler systems in the UK providing space heating and domestic hot water. One example is the 1.5MW boiler at Queen Margaret University campus in Musselburgh near Edinburgh (35- acre campus with biomass district heating scheme using wood fuel with a moisture content of 60%).
Examples of process heat, steam and combined heat and power are located in mainland Europe and there are over 40 examples of Kohlbach plants using thermal oil boilers and ORC units.
UK supplierBuccleuch BioEnergy Ltd
T 0131 561 5000
W www.buccleuch-bioenergy.com
ContactKohlbach
T +43 (0) 43 52 21 57 0
W www.kohlbach.at
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Technical data
Equipment & technology
Examples
MaweraMawera is now part of the Viessman group and has been supplying biomass boiler systems since 1975, with over 4,000 systems installed throughout Europe. There are around 40 installationsin the UK with a total installed capacity of around 80MW.Their services include full system design, supply, installationand servicing. Applications include CHP, district heating and industrial process heat. Mawera has a test facility to carry out product research and development and testing and evaluationof clients’ fuel.
Boilers Thermal oil, steam
Capacity 100kWth–15MWthFuel Various from 5%–60% (forest and sawmill residue, bark, wood processing residue, sander dust, shavings, panel board residue, pellets and briquettes)Output Hot water, thermal oil, steam
Mawera boilers are available to generate hot water, thermal oil (180ºC–350ºC)and steam and can use wood pellets, sawdust and fines, residue from forestry, sawmill and landscaping activities, bark (hogged and unhogged), wood processing and furniture manufacture residue and reclaimed waste wood (from demolition and construction).
They are 3-pass horizontal flame tube boilers with automatic tube cleaning.Firing systems include air injection (850kW–15MW), underfed stoker (110kW–5MW) and moving grate (110kW–5MW) depending on fuel to be used. Combined heat and power systems have been based on the Stirling cogeneration system and ORC technology.
Mawera had two steam boilers in the UK. One is no longer in use and the other (4.5t/hr) has been relocated to Italy.
In 2008 Mawera UK installed a 4.2MW hot water boiler at the main manufacturing facility of the furniture manufacturer The Symphony Group plc. The boiler, which is fed from a 1000m3 fuel silo, uses up to 5,000kg per hour of waste wood from the on-site operations per hour. The boiler features fully automatic de-ashing and emissions to atmosphere are controlled by a multi-cyclone grit arrestor.
UK contactMawera Uk
T 01543 258 844
W www.mawera.co.uk
ContactMawera
T +43 (0) 55 74 74 30 10
W www.mawera.com
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Technical data
Equipment & technology
Examples
Martin GmbHMartin GmbH is based in Munich, Germany and has been actively involved in the construction of energy from waste plants for 80 years. The company also works with all associated components and systems, including heat recovery boilers and flue gas cleaning systems. There are over 670 installations worldwide for the combustion of waste.
Boiler Thermal oil, steamCHP Steam turbine
Capacity <70MWOutput Electricity and heatFuel Municipal solid waste, commercial solid waste, can use wood or straw if mixed with solid waste
Martin boilers use air cooled grate combustion technology. The three combustion systems differ in the composition of the combustion air provided:
— In the conventional combustion system, underfire and overfire air is fed to the combustion process— With flue gas recirculation, most of the overfire air is replaced with recirculated flue gas, after particulate removal — The SYNCOM process which features oxygen enrichment of underfire air, flue gas recirculation to overfire air, combustion control supported by infrared cameras
CNIM offer turnkey project development services and incorporate Martin boilers into energy from waste schemes in the UK. CNIM have built eight energy from waste plants in the UK using Martin boilers, including the South East London Combined Heat and Power Facility (SELCHP). This is capable of handling 420,000 tonnes of waste from households and businesses per annum and produces electricity to power around 48,000 homes. Steam leaves the boilers at a temperature of 395ºC and pressure of 46 bar, and is fed directly into a single 35MW steam turbine generator. The turbine rotates the generator to produce electricity. Steam from the turbine is also used to pre-heat the combustion air for the waste burning process.
UK supplierCNIM
T +33 49 41 03 00 0
W www.cnim.com/hi/index.htm
ContactMartin GmbH
T +49 89 35 61 70
W www.martingmbh.de
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Examples
MW Power MW Power Oy is a joint venture by the globally operating Metso (60%) and Wärtsilä (40%). MW Power provides medium andsmall-scale power and heating plant solutions for sustainable energy generation and focuses on flexible utilisation of local renewable fuels, innovative technologies and service capabilities.
Boiler SteamCHP Steam turbine
Capacity 3.2MWe, 5.6MWe–9.4MWe, heat up to 25MWthSteam 17.8MW, (22t/hr)–29MW (36t/hr)Fuel Spent grain, bark, sawdust, wood chips, wood residues, peat, sawmill residueOutput Steam, hot water, CHP
MW Biopower technology is based on a BioGrate or bubbling fluidised bed (BFB) combustion, which are modular and based on standardised components. A typical plant includes fuel feeding, boiler island, flue gas cleaning, steam turbine, generator and all auxiliary systems and can utilise local renewable fuels effectively.
In 2009, MW Power delivered two identical power plants for the Manchester and Tadcaster breweries in the UK Each plant includes a condensing-extraction turbine and a steam boiler. The plants burn a mixture of spent grain and wood chips from local sources. They generate steam and electricity for brewery processes and export electricity to the local grid. The steam capacity of the plant is 4.7MWe/0MWth or 3.1MWe/7.4MWth, steam pressure: 62bar and steam temperature: 480ºC. The Manchester plant cost £11M and burns tonnes of brewer’s spent grains from the site and 33,000 tonnes of clean waste wood plus some wood prunings and spent grain from other Scottish & Newcastle sites.
UK supplierJoule Power Ltd
T 01892 823 485
ContactMW Power
T +35 82 01 41 36 00
W www.mwpower.fi
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Technical data
Equipment & technology
Examples
Metso PowerMetso is a global supplier of sustainable technology and services for mining, construction, energy, metal recycling and the pulp and paper industries. Metso Power manufactures equipment for fluidised bed combustion for the pulp and paper industry and power producers using the combustion of biomass and other fuels, as well as co-combustion.
Boilers SteamCHP Gasification/pyrolysis,ACT Gasification
Capacity Steam capacity 10–600MW, CFB Gasifier limekiln use — 26.8MWOutput 340t burntlime/dayFuel 100% biomass, 100% coal or any combination of the two, bark, wood chips, sawdust, forest residue, peat, rice husk, dry solids, recovered fuel, de-inking and water treatment sludge, and many other recycled productsOutput Steam, synthetic gas
Circulating fluidised bed boiler (CYMICTM), bubbling fluidised bed boiler (HYBEXTM), recovery boilers (RECOXTM) power generation.
CYMICTM boiler uses circulating fluidised bed technology and is optimal for higher heating value fuels, such as drier biomass, recycled fuels, fossil fuels andco-combustion. HYBEXTM boiler uses bubbling fluidised bed technology and is suitable for power generation from biofuels and recycled fuel. RECOXTM boilers range from small units to the largest in the world, operating up to 7,000 tons of dry solids per day.
The CFB Gasifier is a circulating fluidised bed (CFB) reactor developed by Metso. It uses a wide range of fuels from peat and biofuels to different waste fractions. It can be applied to substitute oil, natural gas or other fossil fuels in industrial furnaces like limekilns, or to substitute coal, peat or other fossil fuels in power boilers.
Steven’s Croft Power Station, Lockerbie — Metso supplied the power plant boiler (HYBEX), fuel supply system and flue gas cleaning system for E.ON UK’s Steven’s Croft Power Station, which has a capacity of 44MWe, generating electricity only from wood chips and other wood-based fuels as well as recycled fuels.
ContactMetso Power
T +35 82 01 41 21
W www.metso.com
UK supplierJoule Power Ltd
T 01892 823 485
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Equipment & technology
Examples
PolytechnikPolytechnik has installed more than 2,200 plants worldwideand has 35 years’ experience in the science of combustion of biomass fuels. They have experience of supplying equipmentfor large industrial applications and district heating schemes.The Polytechnik range includes water, steam and CHP plantsfrom 300kW to 20MW.
Boilers Thermal oil, Steam
Capacity Up to 20MWth/4MWeOil Up to 300ºC Steam Up to 36 bar, up to 450ºCFuel Waste woodOutput Hot water, thermal oil, steam
Polytechnik boilers are available with underfed stokers and reciprocating grate stokers. The main application for their equipment is the timber and forestry industry, process industries and municipal and community district heating.
They can provide heat only or combined heat and power systems. Electricity generation is carried out using steam turbines or steam engines or alternatively by using thermo oil in an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) plant. The scope of Polytechnik supply can include flue gas dedusting equipment such as fly ash cyclone units and electrostatic filters.
There is currently one example of a Polytechnik boiler in the UK. Rural Energy Ltd designed, supplied and installed the biomass heating system, which uses a 2MW moving grate Polytechnik hot water boiler, at Bell Brothers Nurseries, Boston in 2007. The boiler, which can utilise fuel with 20–50% moisture content, uses G100 grade woodchip, which is sourced from local tree surgeons, low value woodland residues and timber off-cuts from local wood working factories.
There are no examples of Polytechnik steam boilers in the UK.
UK supplierRural Energy Ltd
T 01664 454 989
W www.ruralenergy.co.uk/technical/
ContactPolytechnik
T +43 26 72 89 00
W www.polytechnik.com
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Technical data
Equipment & technology
Examples
NESS Wärmetechnik GmbHNess is a key player in the German boiler industry and has been operating around the world since 1964. They can supply equipment for the complete management of energy on industrial sites: thermal oil, steam, process heating, space heating, and heat recovery from solids, liquids or gases produced during processes, for re-use elsewhere on site.
Boilers Thermal oil, Steam
Capacity Up to 50 MWFuels Wood, particle boards, off-cuts, sawdust, sanding dust, other solid process wastes, gaseous and liquid wastes from chemical processOutput Hot water, thermal oil, steam, superheated steam, saturated steam
Ness Wärmetechnik boiler equipment utilises combustion systems with air-entrained sawdust firing, underfed stokers and grate firing systems, combined blown and underfed stoker.
Plant up to 50MW is also available with output temperatures up to 320ºC utilising many solid, liquid or gaseous fuels including process wastes.
All the following can be supplied to burn conventional fossil fuels or residual gaseous, liquid or solid material:
The NESS thermal oil heater — the 95kW to 20MW fuelled by conventional fuels or production waste (gaseous, fluid or solid) producing supply line temperature: up to 300ºC/400ºC with suitable heat transfer medium.
Steam generators for saturated and superheated steam — power range: 200kg/h to 28,000 kg/h, pressure: up to 30 bar.
There are examples of Ness plant in use in the building materials and concrete industry, chipboard and wood industries, paper industry, chemical and plastic industries and the mineral oil industry. However, there are currently no details available of any UK examples.
UK supplierGlobal Heat Transfer Ltd
T 0800 298 0488
W www.ness.de
ContactNess Wärmetechnik GmbH
T +49 71 81 96 75 1
W www.ness.de
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Equipment & technology
Examples
Ranheat Engineering LtdRanheat Engineering are a long established company manufacturing boilers (under 600kW) and combustion equipment in Northampton to a Danish design. Their larger boilers (up to2.5MW) are imported from Danstoker in Denmark with the combustion part of these boliers made by Ranheat. Their main market is the wood working industry, with their equipment generally used to produce space heating for disposal of wastewood, off-cuts and dust.
Boilers Steam
Capacity All sizes up to 2.5MWFuel All types of wood including MDF, MFC soft and hard woods, plywood, hardboard and wood-derived productsOutput Steam
Ranheat make up turnkey solutions using a wide range of equipment froma variety of manufacturers.
All their equipment is fully compliant with the appropriate British air quality legislation as it applies to each size of plant.
Handling and storage systems for sawdust, sanding dust and shavings arealso available.
They have 500 installations in the UK and they are selling to Europe and the USA.
Ranheat have supplied one steam raising system in the UK for a timber merchant in Essex which uses steam for the kilns. The system, which generates 1.6t/hr of steam at 8bar, is based on a Danstoker boiler with a Ranheat retort.
ContactRanheat Engineering Ltd
T 01604 750 005
W www.ranheat.com
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Equipment & technology
Examples
Puhdas EnergiaPuhdas Energia Oy has been developing its gasifiers since 1999.
CHP Gasification/pyrolysisACT Gasification
Capacity 1MWthFuel Softwood woodchip, consumes 300kg/hour at 15%MCOutput Synthetic gas, CHP with 350kWe availableUses Driers, heat treatment, bakeries, etc.
The pressurised gasifier has a patented refractory reactor with no nozzles; this enables high gas flow rates. Reactor diameter is 500mm with 250mm throat and 450mm reduction layer. Gas exists at 600–750ºC. Char loss is 5–8% of energy input. The company has also developed a special ceramic burner for the wood producer gas, complete with residual oxygen control, enabling direct retrofit for boilers and process heating. This enables use of wood-derived producer gas in industrial applications. A semi-wet electrostatic precipitator has been developed for gas cleaning to a high level of purity.
Retrofit unit — Gasifier with automatic infeed and ash removal, multicyclone anda gas burner with integrated automation system, installed in a single container.
CHP system of 350kWe is also available. Puhdas supply the gasifier part ofthe system.
Greenhouse heating and CO2 production using a 1MW wood pellet gasifier,
Vaanela, Finland.
ContactPuhdas Energia T +35 82 63 35 25
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Examples
RepotecRepotec are engineering consultants advising on the technology behind the very successful Güssing biomass gasifier combinedheat and power plant. They are based in Güssing and Vienna.
CHP Gasification/pyrolysisACT Gasification
Fast internally circulating fluidised bed gasifier. Combined fluidised bed gasification and circulating fluidised bed combustion zones. Steam injectionto gasification bed gives high calorific value producer gas.
Output 2MW electrical, 4.5MW thermalEfficiency Total efficiency 80%Users Heat for district heating scheme
System has been further developed to create liquid bio-fuels and syntheticnatural gas.
Repotec are engineering consultants advising on the technology behind the very successful Güssing gasifier combined heat and power plant. This technology, originally developed at Vienna Technical University, was developed into a 2MWe and 4.5MWth output plant. It is well proven with over 45,000 hours of successful operation since 2001. A high value producer gas is generated. It is converted in an associated gas engine to heat and electricity. Compared to steam turbines, a much higher efficiency can be reached.
Güssing has about 4,000 inhabitants, and is situated close to the Hungarian border. The region around the town is heavily wooded. The combined heat and power (CHP) plant has a capacity of 8MWth/2MWe. The plant is fuelled by wood chips (20 to 30%mc). The plant consists of a dual fluidised bed steam gasifier,a two-stage gas cleaning system, a gas engine with an electricity generator, anda heat utilisation system. The inhabitants of the town benefit from low and stable heat and electricity prices.
ContactRepotec
T +43 (0) 12 16 18 95
W www.repotec.at
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Refgas UK
Refgas UK design and build a gasifier which is market leader in size to power output, operating from a factory in Sandycroft, Flintshire, Wales. The technology has been developed by being awardeda SMART Cymru grant. The company received more than £220,000 worth of funding from the Welsh Assembly.
CHP Gasification/pyrolysisACT Gasification
Initial system based on refuse-derived fuel. Wood biomass system also developed, wide variety of feedstock with higher moisture content than conventional gasifier. System eliminates driers and pelletisers. A single 2.5MWe gasifier plant will require 2 tonnes per hour of wood feedstock.
It uses the down-draught gasifier principle. The reactor works under a vacuum, therefore there is no danger of gas leakage as the vessel is not under pressure.
The process is a thermo-chemical process in which the biomass is heated in an oxygen deficient atmosphere, the high temperatures (1000oC+) and reduced oxygen limit emissions. It utilises gas clean-up technology to ensure the gas produced is suitable to be efficiently burnt in engines with a very favourable emissions profile.
A 500kW (electrical output) plant is housed in 2 x 20’ containers.
The biomass gasifier CHP plant at the University of East Anglia cost £8.5 million, with the gasifier costing approximately £2m. It is a 1.4MWe plant producing2MW of heat for the campus heat mains. 10% of the electrical power producedis required by the system to run the internal compressors.
Short video of installation:http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/norfolk/8016402.stm
ContactRefgas UK T 01244 529 589
W www.refgas-uk.com
66 67
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Examples
Spilling Energie SystemeSpilling is based in Germany and designs, constructs and delivers complete systems for generating electricity from biomass.The sectors that use their technology include timber industry, pellet plants, biomass cogeneration and district heating plants, chemical, paper, textile and food processing industries.
CHP Steam turbine, steam engine
Fuel Woodchip/pelletsCapacity 100kWe–5MWeOutput Electricity and hot water
Spilling have proven themselves as prime movers for small to medium size biomass power generation plants in the industry and district heating sectors. They are most often operated as combined heat and power systems.
The steam engines are usually deployed in connection with boilers in moderate “live steam conditions” and/or saturated steam boilers, particularly where steam mass flow or energy acceptance is subject to clear fluctuations.
There are examples of this plant installed throughout Europe, but there are currently no installations in the UK.
ContactSpilling Energie Systeme
T +49 (0) 40 78 91 75 0
W www.spilling.de/english
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Examples
Schmid AG Wood Firing SystemsSchmid AG is headquartered in Switzerland with other sites in Germany and France. Employing over 200 people, the companyis a family owned business which has been developing wood energy for more than 70 years. They manufacture biomass boilers and supply all associated plant such as fuel storage and transfer equipment and flue gas cleaning systems.
Boilers Thermal oil, steam
Capacity 2.4MWth–25MWOutputs Thermal oil, steamFuel Wood pellets <10%MC, woodchip, shavings, sawdust and wood processing residue up to 50%MC
Containerised boilers 180kW–1.2MWOperating pressure 5–32 barMax steam temperature 425ºC
Schmid AG CHP systems are based on either steam cycle turbines or the ORC technology. There are examples of both systems installed in Europe. They have also developed systems to use spent brewers grains with one such system installed in a Heineken brewery in Nigeria (4.3MW of hot water at 170ºC from 5 tonnes/hour spent wet grains).
There are no examples of Schmid AG steam boilers in the UK.
Imperative Energy has installed a Schmid UTSK 1.2MW boiler at the new Pembury Hospital in Kent. The boiler, which uses woodchip fuel delivered to site in hookbins, provides low temperature hot water to meet the hospital’s space heatingbase load.
UK supplierImperative Energy Ltd
T 01270 758 790
W www.imperativeenergy.com
ContactSchmid AG Wood Firing Systems
T +41 (0) 71 97 37 37 3
W www.holzfeuerung.ch
68 69
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Examples
TPS Termiska Processer ABTPS provides technical solutions for combustion of renewable biofuels and for retro-fitting multi-burner installations to existing oil and coal-fired boilers and burners, enabling them to run on biofuels. TPS is part of Tall Oil, which is an integrated group ofbio-energy companies.
Boilers Steam
Capacity Specialists in large plant 100kW to 100MWOutputs Hot water and steamFuels Pellets, any type of wood, and wastes such as paper, card and plastic
TPS produce a wide range of equipment and can design and install complete specialist systems for waste disposal/energy generation.
BioSwirl™ cyclone burner — Capacity: 2MWth to 15MWth, fuelled by crushed wood pellets (10%mc) and wood chips (<25%mc). The burner requires gas and/or oil ignition and wood fuel is introduced when the required temperature is reached. Used in steam raising for process or electricity generation, or for hot water, and for incineration systems.
Multi-fuel burner — 5–50MW. The burner is a free burning type. Fuel pellets or wood chips need to be less than 10% mc. The burner is of particular interest for large plants replacing oil and gas burners.
Stepfire — fire tube high efficiency boilers. Range from 500kW–3MW and are suited to combustion of pellets, briquettes and dry wood chips (less than 30%mc). The Stepfire boiler is a complete heating solution based on continuous combustion on a stationary grate. As the fuel burns it is transported over the grate by scrapers until it reaches the end, at which point the fuel is burnt out completely and only ash remains.
Purpose designed waste burning systems — TPS can deliver complete plants or rebuild existing units to meet the demands of the EU's Waste Combustion Directive, providing grate-fired plants for unsorted wastes as well as grate-fired and fluidised bed plants for sorted wastes (paper, wood, plastics) and co-fired plants.
We understand that there are no examples of TPS boilers in the United Kingdom, although there are many in Europe.
ContactTPS Termiska Processer AB
T +46 (0) 85 35 24 60 0
W www.tps.se
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Examples
TK EnergiTK Energi was founded in 1990 by Mr. Thomas Koch and becamea limited company in 1996. The company employs 15 people. It is a technology developer and turnkey supplier. It produces primarily prototypes with all other production outsourced.
CHP Gasification/pyrolysisACT Gasification
Capacity 2.3MWthFuel Wood chipsOutput Synthetic gas
TK Energi, based in Denmark, has developed a three-stage, down-draught gasifier that includes pyrolysis and partial oxidation zones, and a reformer-based char gasification zone. The internally heated pyrolysis reactor has no mechanical parts that could be exposed to the high temperatures. The tars in the pyrolysis gas are all thermally cracked when passing through the combustion zone (up to 1250ºC) and the fixed char bed, leaving a clean gas.
The thermal efficiency is 60%, while the electrical efficiency is estimated to be up to 32%. The gasifiers are designed for 7000 hours of continuous operation before shutting down for maintenance. There is about 3–10% of energy remaining inthe char.
A plug feeder system has also been developed to feed biomass (up to 400 tonnes per hour) into pressurised systems (up to 75 bar).
The company is also developing a slagging gasifier for producing 3rd generation liquid biofuels from waste.
There are no examples in the UK at present, but there is a district heating system at Gjøl, Denmark — a 2.3MWth (dry wood input) gasifier where the gas is used in an existing natural gas-fired Jenbacher engine, to generate electricity. The plant was commissioned in January 2006. There is also a slagging entrained flow sludge gasifier in Køge.
ContactTK Energi
T +45 46 18 90 00
W www.tke.dk
70 71
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Examples
UniconfortUniconfort is based in Italy. The company manufactures and installs biomass-fired boilers to produce hot water, high-pressure hot water, hot air, steam and thermal oil. Uniconfort has recently installed a new boiler at the Comune di Apiro (Apiro City Hall) in Italy, which burns 30% straw and 70% woodchips.
Boilers Thermal oil, steam
Capacity 93kWth–5.8MWth, containerised up to 348kWthFuels Wood pellets, woodchip, straw, waste wood and agricultural biomassesOutput Thermal oil 280ºC Steam 0.7 bar to 25 bar saturatedFuel Untreated wood up to 30–55% moisture content, pellets or chips
Biotech range Outputs 348kW–5.8MW providing hot or superheated water.CMT range Outputs 92.8kW–3,480kW providing hot or superheated water and steam.DUAL range Outputs 92.8kW–3.48MW providing hot or superheated water and steam.GLOBAL range Outputs 348kW–5,800kW providing hot or superheated water, saturated steam and thermal oil.
We understand that there is a Uniconfort boiler installed in Hereford but no details of the installation are currently available.
Schuberts Biomass is now supplying Uniconfort boilers to the UK market but has not completed any UK installations yet (summer 2009).
UK contactSchuberts Biomass
T 01226 360 900
W www.schuberts-biomass.co.uk
ContactUniconfort
T +39 04 95 95 20 5
W www.uniconfort.com
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Examples
Turboden SrlTurboden Srl is an Italian company with nearly 30 years’ experience of designing, manufacturing, installing and maintaining turbo generators based on the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) forthe cogeneration of heat and electrical power. There are currently129 systems installed in Europe as at January 2009 (93 in operation, 36 under construction).
CHP Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)
Capacity 400 kWe–2.2 MWe Fuel Woody biomass (woodchip, bark, sawdust, treated wood), agricultural residues (straw, rice husk), arboricultural residues, waste material (sewage sludge, marc) (1000kg/hr–5250kg/hr)Output Electricity and hot waterEfficiency 20% e(gross) 78%thEfficiency Up to 24% e non-cogeneration
The equipment is packaged CHP plant and is well suited to the use of industrial waste wood. Existing applications in Europe include timber drying in sawmills, sawdust drying in wood pellet plants, air pre-heating in the MDF industry and also district heating schemes in Europe.
There is one unit currently under construction (mid-2009) for LandEnergy Ltd. The application is for a wood pellet mill in Scotland. The turbine is used for on-site power production and the excess heat is used to dry the wood fibre. Heat input: 14MW biomass-fuelled thermal oil boiler, output: 2.2MWe gross, 10MWth (water 60ºC/90ºC).
ContactTurboden Srl
T +39 03 03 55 20 01
W www.turboden.it
72 73
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Examples
Waste2energyWaste2energy is a US company that acquired, in 2007, a 95%share in Enerwaste, an environmental engineering, manufacturing and technology company specialising in innovative processes for the disposal of a wide variety of waste. The waste is converted into a synthetic gas that can be used to produce steam and electricity. There are over 40 projects installed worldwide by Enerwaste, with another 60 projects developed on the Enerwaste principle.
CHP Gasification/pyrolysisACT Gasification
Capacity <50MW from 1,500 metric tonnes per day (MTPD) of wasteFuel Multiple types of wasteOutput Synthetic gas for CHP
The Batch Oxidisation System (BOS) was designed as a low emission and low labour approach to small and medium-scale solid waste disposal. The BOS™ utilises a gasification process that thermally converts waste products into a combustible gas. This two-stage process provides the lowest possible emissions and is the most environmentally sound method for waste disposal for 1–150 tonnes per day.
The Mass conversion system is a low-cost gasification and oxidation system in which both processes are carried out within the same vertical chamber. Like the BOS™ system, it oxidises at high temperature giving extremely clean emissions. It features a mechanical feed system that is ideally suited to large quantities of biomass or other consistent waste feedstock from 50–1,000 tonnes per day.
Six new plants are to be established in the UK, including the power station at Dumfries Dargavel, Scotland, UK for Scotgen (construction started 2008), fora plant with 120 MTPD mixed waste and 5MW Power Recovery BOS system. The power station at Bristol has planning permission to commence constructionon a plant using 100,000 tonnes/year waste.
UK contactPlanet Advantage Ltd
T 0161 724 2222
ContactWaste2energy
T +864 (0) 67 91 62 5
W www.waste2energy.com
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Examples
Vyncke EnergietechniekVyncke is based in Belgium and has been operating since 1912, delivering tailor-made solutions to customers all over the world. They offer complete industrial waste to clean energy solutions all under one roof, from design, engineering, manufacturing, installation and commissioning to training and after-sales service.
Boilers Thermal oil, steam
Capacity 2–100MWth and up to 10MWeFuel Thermal systems — biomass, agricultural waste and wood processing waste from coarse to fine and from wet to dry. Electrical systems can take in addition — paper and packing waste, demolition wood, RDFOutput Thermal oil, steam
Dynamic Watercooled Stepgrate DWS® forms the basis of the energy plants, which range from 2MWth to 100MWth and can be supplied either as steam, hot water, thermal oil, hot gas, electricity (up to 10MWe) or in any assorted combination.
Vyncke provide combustion and boiler systems for decentralised power stations (1–10MWe ) and turnkey energy plants (1–65MWth) using various homogenous secondary biomass fuels, such as demolition wood, refuse-derived fuels (RDF), packing materials, paper waste, etc. Different agricultural waste streams (e.g. rice husks, coffee husks, coconut shells, etc.) can be burnt in one installation, either separately or mixed. Wood processing industry production waste, which varies in granular size, fuel humidity and chemical composition, is mainly converted into thermal energy such as steam, hot water and/or thermal oil.
The Balcas wood pellet production facility in Invergordon, Scotland has a 40MWth Vyncke boiler that uses woodchip (up to 55% moisture content). The fluidised bed boiler is due to be commissioned in the summer of 2009 followed by the 8MWe steam turbine generator. The plant generates the process heat required by the wood pellet processing operations and 3MWe of electricity for the site’s own requirements, with the remaining 5MWe being exported to the grid.
ContactVyncke Energietechniek
T +32 56 73 06 30
W www.vyncke.be/english/energ.php
74 75
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Examples
Wykes EngineeringWykes Engineering is part of the Wykes Group. Its core design business focuses on heavy mechanical handling and process plant layouts, and associated equipment from screw conveyors, and pressure vessels through to power stations. Ancillary components was formed to specialise in developing new solutions to existing and emerging needs for creative waste management acrossa range of industries.
Boilers Steam
Capacity Specialists in large plant up to 50MWthOutputs High or low pressure steamFuels Any
Wykes Engineering provides bespoke large-scale systems based on bubbling fluidised bed technology.
Goosey Lodge Power Plant is based on bubbling fluidised bed (BFB) technology and combusts a wide variety of materials — solids, liquids and sludges. The plant exceeds the current and planned future environmental standards prescribed by UK and EU law. A similar plant was designed and built by Wykes Engineering for PDM Group at Widnes BFB Power Plant.
ContactWykes Engineering
T 01933 315 818
W www.wykesengineering.co.uk
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Technical data
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Examples
Weiss KesselWeiss Kessel, Anlagen und Maschinenbau GmbH is based in Germany and has been producing boilers for the wood working industry for over 30 years, with boilers sold in 60 countries including the UK and around Europe.
Boilers Thermal oil, steam
Capacity 650kW–50MWFuels Wood, sawdust, briquettes, shavings, off-cuts, MDF and particle boardsOutputs Thermal oil, steam
The CHP plants range from 500kW to 10MW electrical output with steam turbine and steam engine. Organic Rankine Cycle turbo-generators for power supply range from 300kW up to 1,200kW electrical output.
The cyclone furnace (underfeed stoker furnace) generates warm water at 90ºC and hot water up to 230ºC, low pressure steam at 1 bar, high pressure steam up to 36 bar and superheated steam up to 80 bar and 480ºC. Screw gate furnaces, cyclone burner furnaces (muffle furnaces), jet blower furnaces and push grate furnaces are also used.
— multicrat boiler 800 – 2.2MW — turbocrat boiler 1,000 – 8MW — three pass boiler 1,000 – 10MW— watertube boiler 4,000 – 35MW— thermal oil heaters up to 10MW— hot gas generators up to 35MW
There are currently no examples of Weiss Kessel steam boilers in the UK.
There are, however, a 1.4MW boiler at Gresham Office Furniture, Bolton, which uses MDF dust as fuel and a 5MW pusher grate hot water boiler at Howden Joinery in Runcorn using process waste wood and wood products as fuel.
UK supplierModern Energy Systems
T 0844 561 7469
W www.modernenergysystems.co.uk
ContactWeiss Kessel
T +49 27 71 39 30
W www.weiss-kessel.de
76 7777
List of UK suppliers
Category
Technical data
Equipment & technology
Examples
XylowattXylowatt specialises in the design, construction and managementof fully automated modular biomass gasification units, converting biomass into heat and electricity. With over 20 years of experience in biomass resources, gasification systems, electrical generating sets and cleaning systems, Xylowatt designs, builds and monitors bio-energy systems from 300kWe to several MWe. The Xylowatt CHP power plant allows on-site electricity production at high efficiency for production at these power levels.
CHP Gasification/pyrolysisACT Gasification
Capacity 300kWe–1.5MWe/600kWth (biomass 270kg/hour)–3MWth (biomass 1,350kg/hour). Larger outputs can be accommodated using modular units with several gasifiersFuels Wood chips, wood processing waste, municipal thinnings, short rotation coppiceOutput Synthetic gas for electricity generation via a gas engine, with CHPThroughput 1,500 to 25,000 tonnes of wood per yearEfficiency Electrical 25%, thermal 50%, total 75%
The Xylowatt biomass combined heat and power system is based on a down-draught fixed bed gasifier, the NOTAR® reactor developed at the University of Louvain. The output fuel gas has a calorific value between 4.5 and 5.8 MJ/nm3, which suits standard gas engines, and less than 50mg/nm3 tar is produced at the gasifier outlet. The wood gas obtained still contains some fines, particles and tars so it is cleaned before being fed to a standard gas engine linked to a generator.In a typical system about 1% ash is produced.
Three plants are currently running, and five plants are under construction.The operational plants are as follows:
— one sawmill, where the electricity and heat generated are used in the process. CHP district heating scheme was installed at the village of Gedinne in spring 2007— an xW300 unit was sold to Tournai city and supplies electricity and hot water for the local swimming pool using municipal trimmings— end of 2009, an xW300 unit is due to be installed in the United Kingdom
ContactXylowatt
T +32 (0) 71 60 68 00
W www.xylowatt.com
78 79
Inetec
Unit 17, Village Farm Road,Village Farm Industrial Estate,Pyle, Bridgend, CF33 6BL
T 01656 746 439E [email protected] www.inetec.co.uk
Supplies: Inetec Thermec
ICI Caldaie
Unit 6 West Link Business Park, Guide Street, Salford,Manchester, M50 1EW
T 0161 743 9595E [email protected] www.icicaldaie.com
Supplies: ICI Caldaie
ITI Energy
Advanced Manufacturing Park, Technology Centre, Brunel Way, Rotherham, South Yorkshire, S60 5WG
T 01142 541 233E [email protected] www.iti-energy.com
Supplies: ITI Energy
James Proctor
PO Box 19, Cow Lane, Burnley, Lancashire, BB11 1NN
T 01282 453 816W www.jamesproctor.com
Supplies: James Proctor
Joule Power Ltd
1H Woodhill Park, Pembury,Tunbridge Wells, Kent, TN2 4NN
T 01892 823 485E [email protected]
Supplies: MWPower
Manco Energy Ltd
Market Weighton Road,North Newbald,East Yorkshire, YO43 4SP
T 01430 828 660E [email protected] www.mancoenergy.com
Supplies: LIN-KA
Mawera UK Ltd
PO Box 5581, Lichfield,Staffordshire, WS14 4FS
T 01543 258 844E [email protected] www.mawera.co.uk
Supplies: Mawera
Modern Energy Systems
PO Box 154, Bexhill-on-Sea,East Sussex, TN39 4WQ
T 08445 617 469E [email protected] www.modernenergysystems.co.uk
Supplies: Weiss Kessel
Planet Advantage Ltd
Ascot House, Water Street,Radcliffe, Manchester, M26 3DE
T 0161 724 2222E [email protected]
Supplies: Waste2energy, design andproject management services
Ranheat Engineering Ltd
62 St James Mill Rd,Northampton, NN5 5JP
T 01604 750 005E [email protected]
Supplies: Danstoker
Refgas Ltd
Whittle Close, Engineer Park, Sandycroft, Deeside,Flintshire, CH5 2QE
T 01244 529 589E [email protected]
Supplies: Refgas
Rural Energy Ltd
Manor Farm, Main Street, Owston, Oakham, Leicestershire, LE15 8DH
T 01664 454 989W www.ruralenergy.co.uk
Supplies: Polytechnik
Schuberts Biomass
Athersley House,Pilley Hills, Tankersley,South Yorkshire, S75 3AT
T 01226 360 900W www.schuberts-biomass.co.uk
Supplies: Uniconfort
UK Biomass Ltd
13 Quay Level, St Peters Basin, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE6 1TZ
T 0191 265 4400E [email protected]
Supplies: Binder
Wood Energy Ltd
Pinkworthy Barn, Oakford, Tiverton, Devon, EX16 9EU
T 0845 0707 338E [email protected] www.woodenergyltd.co.uk
Supplies: Binder
Wykes Engineering
Plant & Equipment, Goosey Lodge, Wymington, Rushden,Northants, NN10 9LU
T 01933 315 818E [email protected] www.wykesengineering.co.uk
Supplies: Wykes Engineering UK
BIB Cochran Ltd
Newbie Works, Annan,Dumfries & Galloway, DG12 5QU
T 01461 202 111E [email protected] www.bibcochran.com
Supplies: KARA Energy Systems
Bioenergy Technology
Pound Lane, Framfield, Uckfield,East Sussex, TN22 5RU
T 01825 890 140W www.bioenergy.org
Supplies: range of boilers
Bioflame Ltd
South View Yatts, Pickering,North Yorkshire, YO18 8JN
T 01751 472 831E [email protected] www.bioflame.com
Supplies: Bioflame
Biomass CHP Ltd
19 Point Street, Larne,Co. Antrim, BT40 1HY
E [email protected] www.biomasschp.co.uk
Supplies: Biomass CHP
Biomass Engineering Ltd
Junction Lane, Sankey Valley Industrial Estate, Newton-le-Willows, WA12 8DN
T 01925 295 959E [email protected] www.biomass.uk.com
Supplies: Biomass Engineering
Buccleuch BioEnergy Ltd
Computer House, Dalkeith Country Park, Dalkeith, Edinburgh, EH22 2NA
T 0131 561 5000W www.buccleuch-bioenergy.com
Supplies: Kohlbach, Turboden
Byworth Boilers
Parkwood Boiler Works,Parkwood St, Keighley,West Yorkshire, BD21 4NW
T 01535 665 225E [email protected] www.byworth.co.uk
Supplies: Byworth Boilers
Clarke Energy UK
Power House, Senator Point, South Boundary Road, Knowsley Industrial Park, Liverpool, L33 7RR
T 0151 546 4446E [email protected] www.clarke-energy.co.uk
Supplies: Adoratec
CJM Coldwell Ltd
26 Claremont Gardens, Whitley Bay, Tyne and Wear, NE26 3SB
T 0191 252 6445M 07850 736 352
Supplies: AE&E
Danstoker UK Ltd
PO Box 82, Malton, YO17 1AG
T 07921 773 580E [email protected] www.danstoker.dk
Supplies: Danstoker
Doosan Babcock Energy Ltd
11 The Boulevard, Crawley,West Sussex, RH10 1UX
T 01293 612 888E [email protected] www.volund.dk/home
Supplies: Doosan Babcock
List of UK suppliers
ENERGOS Ltd
11b Olympic Park, Woolston Grange Avenue, Birchwood,Warrington, WA2 0YL
T 0845 683 7001W www.energos.com
Supplies: ENERGOS
Energia Ltd
Malvern Hills Science Park, Geraldine Road, Malvern, Worcestershire,WR14 3SZ
T 01684 585 238E [email protected] www.kiv-uk.com
Supplies: KIV
Ethos Energy
Kestrel Court, Harbour Road, Portishead, Bristol, BS20 7AN
T 0844 844 1306E [email protected] www.ethosenergy.co.uk
Supplies: Ethos Energy
Imperative Energy Ltd
Suite 2, Chancellor Forms, Dragons Wharf, Dragons Lane, Sandbach, Cheshire, CW11 3PA
T 01270 758 790W www.imperativeenergy.ie
Supplies: Schmid AG Wood Firing Systems
Imtech
Imtech House, 33–35 Woodthorpe Road, Ashford, Middlesex, TW15 2RP
T 01784 229 900E [email protected] www.imtech.eu/uk
Supplies: Imtech
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